Mabuku amachepetsa, amapereka malingaliro owala, amathandizira kumvetsetsa bwino tokha ndi ena, ndipo nthawi zina amatha kusintha miyoyo yathu. N’cifukwa ciani timakondwela kuŵelenga? Ndipo kodi mabuku angayambitse psychotherapeutic zotsatira?
Psychology: Kuwerenga ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri pamoyo wathu. Imakhala pamwamba pa zochitika 10 zodekha kwambiri, zimene zimabweretsa kumverera kwakukulu kwa chimwemwe ndi chikhutiro cha moyo. Kodi mphamvu yake yamatsenga ndi yotani?
Stanislav Raevsky, katswiri wa Jungian: Matsenga akulu akuwerenga, akuwoneka kwa ine, ndikuti amadzutsa malingaliro. Limodzi mwa zinthu zongoyerekezera zimene zinachititsa munthu kukhala wanzeru, wosiyana ndi nyama, n’lakuti anaphunzira kuyerekezera. Ndipo tikamaŵerenga, timaloŵa m’malo mongoganizira chabe. Komanso, mabuku amakono amtundu wosapeka, m'malingaliro mwanga, ndi osangalatsa komanso ofunikira kuposa zopeka m'lingaliro ili. Timakumana mwa iwo onse nkhani yofufuza ndi zinthu za psychoanalysis; masewero ozama amaganizo nthawi zina amawonekera kumeneko.
Ngakhale wolemba akulankhula za mitu yowoneka ngati yowoneka ngati fizikiki, samalemba chilankhulo chamunthu chamoyo, komanso amawonetsa zenizeni zake zamkati pazochitika zakunja, zomwe zimamuchitikira, zomwe zili zofunika kwa iye, malingaliro onsewo, zikukumana. Ndipo dziko lotizungulira limakhala lamoyo.
Kunena za mabuku m'lingaliro lalikulu, kodi ndi chithandizo chotani kuwerenga mabuku?
Ndizothandizadi. Choyamba, ife eni timakhala mu buku. Akatswiri ofotokoza zamaganizo amakonda kunena kuti aliyense wa ife amakhala mu chiwembu chinachake chimene n'kovuta kwambiri kutuluka. Ndipo timadziuza tokha nkhani yomweyo nthawi zonse. Ndipo tikamawerenga, timakhala ndi mwayi wosowa wochoka ku izi, zathu zathu, mbiri kupita ku ina. Ndipo izi zimachitika chifukwa cha magalasi a neurons, omwe, pamodzi ndi malingaliro, achita zambiri pa chitukuko cha chitukuko.
Zimatithandiza kumvetsetsa munthu wina, kumva dziko lake lamkati, kukhala m'nkhani yake.
Kukhoza kukhala moyo wa munthu wina n’kosangalatsa kwambiri. Monga katswiri wa zamaganizo, ndimakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana tsiku lililonse, ndikulowa ndi makasitomala anga. Ndipo owerenga amatha kuchita izi polumikizana ndi ngwazi za m'mabuku ndikuwamvera chisoni moona mtima.
Kuwerenga mabuku osiyanasiyana ndikulumikizana ndi zilembo zosiyanasiyana, mwanjira ina timagwirizanitsa timagulu tating'ono tokha. Kupatula apo, zimangowoneka kwa ife kuti munthu m'modzi amakhala mwa ife, zomwe zimazindikirika mwanjira imodzi. "Kukhala" mabuku osiyanasiyana, tikhoza kuyesa malemba osiyanasiyana pa ife tokha, mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndipo izi, ndithudi, zimatipangitsa ife kukhala ogwirizana, okondweretsa - kwa ife tokha.
Ndi mabuku ati omwe mumawapangira makasitomala anu?
Ndimakonda kwambiri mabuku omwe, kuwonjezera pa chilankhulo chabwino, ali ndi msewu kapena njira. Pamene wolemba akudziwa bwino dera lina. Nthawi zambiri, timakhudzidwa ndi kufunafuna tanthauzo. Kwa anthu ambiri, tanthauzo la moyo wawo silidziwika: kupita kuti, choti achite? Nanga n’cifukwa ciani tinabwela ku dziko lino? Ndipo pamene wolemba angapereke mayankho ku mafunso amenewa, ndi ofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndimalimbikitsa mabuku a semantic, kuphatikiza mabuku azopeka, kwa makasitomala anga.
Mwachitsanzo, ndimakonda kwambiri mabuku a Hyoga. Nthawi zonse ndimafanana ndi anthu ake. Uwu ndi wofufuza komanso wozama kwambiri pa tanthauzo la moyo. Zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti nthawi zonse zimakhala zabwino pamene wolemba ali ndi kuwala kumapeto kwa ngalandeyo. Sindine wothandizira mabuku omwe kuwala uku kumatsekedwa.
Phunziro losangalatsa linachitidwa ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo Shira Gabriel wochokera ku yunivesite ya Buffalo (USA). Ophunzirawo adawerenga zolemba za Harry Potter kenako adayankha mafunso pamayeso. Zinapezeka kuti iwo anayamba kudziona mosiyana: iwo ankawoneka kuti alowa m'dziko la ngwazi za bukhuli, kumverera ngati mboni kapena nawo zochitika. Ena ankati ali ndi mphamvu zamatsenga. Zikuoneka kuti kuwerenga, kutilola kumizidwa tokha ku dziko lina, kumbali imodzi, kumathandiza kuti tichoke ku mavuto, koma kumbali ina, kodi malingaliro achiwawa sangathe kutifikitsa patali?
Funso lofunika kwambiri. Kuwerenga kungakhaledi mankhwala kwa ife, ngakhale kuti ndi otetezeka kwambiri. Ikhoza kupanga chinyengo chokongola kotero kuti timamizidwa, kuchoka ku moyo weniweni, kupeŵa kuvutika kwamtundu wina. Koma ngati munthu apita ku dziko la zongopeka, moyo wake susintha mwanjira iliyonse. Ndipo mabuku omwe ali ndi semantic, omwe mukufuna kuwonetsera, kutsutsana ndi wolemba, angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa moyo wanu. Ndikofunikira kwambiri.
Mukawerenga buku, mutha kusintha tsogolo lanu, ngakhale kuliyambitsanso
Nditabwera kudzaphunzira pa Jung Institute ku Zurich, ndinachita chidwi ndi mfundo yakuti anthu onse kumeneko anali aakulu kwambiri kuposa ine. Panthawiyo ndinali ndi zaka pafupifupi 30, ndipo ambiri a iwo anali azaka 50-60. Ndipo ndinadabwa mmene anthu amaphunzirira pa msinkhu umenewo. Ndipo iwo anamaliza gawo la tsogolo lawo ndipo mu theka lachiwiri adaganiza zophunzira zamaganizo, kuti akhale akatswiri a maganizo.
Nditawafunsa chimene chinawachititsa kuchita zimenezi, anandiyankha kuti: “Buku la Jung” Memories, Dreams, Reflections, “tinaŵerenga ndi kumvetsa kuti zonse zinalembedwa ponena za ife, ndipo timangofuna kuchita zimenezi.”
Ndipo zomwezo zinachitika ku Russia: anzanga ambiri adavomereza kuti Vladimir Levy's Art of Being Yourself, buku lokhalo lamaganizo lomwe likupezeka ku Soviet Union, linawapanga kukhala akatswiri a maganizo. Munjira ibodzi ene, ndisanyindira kuti anango, pakuwerenga mabukhu anango a masamu, asakhala anyakupfunza wa masamu, na anango, pakuwerenga mabukhu anango, asakhala alembi.
Kodi buku lingasinthe moyo kapena ayi? Mukuganiza chiyani?
Bukuli, mosakayikira, lingakhale ndi chiyambukiro champhamvu kwambiri ndipo m’lingaliro lina kusintha miyoyo yathu. Ndi chikhalidwe chofunikira: bukuli liyenera kukhala m'dera lachitukuko chokhazikika. Tsopano, ngati tili ndi zoikidwiratu mkati mwa mphindi ino, kukonzekera kusintha kwatha, bukuli limakhala chothandizira chomwe chimayamba izi. Chinachake chimasintha mkati mwanga - ndiyeno ndimapeza mayankho a mafunso anga m'buku. Kenako imatsegula njira ndipo imatha kusintha kwambiri.
Kuti munthu amve kufunika kowerenga, bukuli liyenera kukhala lodziwika bwino komanso lofunikira pa moyo kuyambira ali mwana. Chizoloŵezi chowerenga chiyenera kukulitsidwa. Ana amasiku ano - nthawi zambiri - alibe chidwi chowerenga. Ndi liti pamene sikunachedwe kukonza zonse ndi momwe mungathandizire mwana wanu kuti azikonda kuwerenga?
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa maphunziro ndi chitsanzo! Mwana amaberekanso kachitidwe kathu
Ngati timakakamira pa zipangizo zamakono kapena kuonera TV, n’zokayikitsa kuti angawerenge. Ndipo n’zopanda pake kumuuza kuti: “Chonde werengani bukhu, ndikamaonera TV.” Izi ndizodabwitsa. Ndikuganiza kuti ngati makolo onse amawerenga nthawi zonse, ndiye kuti mwanayo adzakhala ndi chidwi chowerenga.
Kuonjezera apo, tikukhala mu nthawi yamatsenga, mabuku abwino kwambiri a ana alipo, tili ndi mabuku ambiri omwe ndi ovuta kuwalemba. Muyenera kugula, yesani mabuku osiyanasiyana. Mwanayo adzapeza bukhu lake ndikumvetsetsa kuti kuwerenga ndikosangalatsa, kumakula. M’mawu amodzi, payenera kukhala mabuku ambiri m’nyumba.
Kodi muyenera kuwerenga mabuku mokweza mpaka zaka zingati?
Ndikuganiza kuti uwerenge mpaka kufa. Ine sindikunena nkomwe za ana tsopano, koma za wina ndi mzake, za banja. Ndimalangiza makasitomala anga kuti awerenge ndi mnzanga. Ndi chisangalalo chachikulu ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu yokongola kwambiri ya chikondi tikamawerengerana mabuku abwino.
Za katswiri
Stanislav Raevsky - Katswiri wa Jungian, wotsogolera wa Institute for Creative Psychology.
Zoyankhulanazi zidajambulidwa chifukwa cha projekiti yolumikizana ya Psychologies ndi wailesi "Culture" "Mkhalidwe: mu ubale", wailesi "Culture", Novembara 2016.