Zamkatimu
Mimba pambuyo pa 30: bwino ntchito ndi malipiro
Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa ndi National Institute of Demographic Studies (INED), Amayi asanu ndi atatu (8) mwa amayi khumi (10) aliwonse ali okangalika muzaka zapakati pa 25-53 (Mantha) (1). Nthawi ya Ana azaka 20 mpaka 30 amadzipereka kwambiri ku maphunziro, kuphatikizidwa mu moyo wogwira ntchito ndikupeza chikhalidwe chokhazikika cha akatswiri. Mwachidule, si nthawi yoyenera kukhala ndi mwana. Malinga ndi kafukufuku waku America-Danish wofalitsidwa mu Januware 2016 (2), kuwerengera uku kungakhale kopindulitsa pazachuma. Pambuyo pofufuza zambiri za amayi 1,6 miliyoni aku Danish pakati pa 1996 ndi 2009, ofufuzawo adapeza kuti kukhala ndi mwana woyamba pambuyo pa 30 kupangidwa kutaya ndalama zochepa, pokhudzana ndi malipiro ndi tchuthi cha amayi oyembekezera, komanso mukakhala ndi mwana wanu woyamba asanakwanitse zaka 25. Kwa Raùl Santaeulalia-Llopis, mlembi wamkulu wa kafukufukuyu: “Ana samawononga ntchito, koma akamafika msanga, m’pamenenso ndalama za amayi zimasokonekera.Kotero pali phindu lenileni lazachuma kwa amayi, ndipo mozama kwambiri akatswiri, pochedwetsa zaka zakubala.
Mpaka zaka zingati mungapeze mimba mwachibadwa?
Ponena za ziwerengerozo, mawonekedwewo ndi ofanana: kubereka, komwe kumafika pamlingo wake wazaka makumi awiri, kumapitirira kuchepa, poyamba pang'onopang'ono pakati pa zaka 20 ndi 30, ndiyeno kwambiri pakati pa 30 ndi 40. Pa zaka 25, msambo uliwonse. ali 25% mwayi wokhala ndi pakati. Pokhapokha ngati pali vuto, ndiye kuti tikuyenera kukhala ndi pakati patatha miyezi inayi yogonana mosadziteteza, ngakhale tikulangiza kuti tidikire chaka chimodzi tisanakambirane. Chiwerengerochi akutsikira kwa 4% mwayi wa mimba pa mkombero pa zaka 15, ndiye 30-10% pa zaka 12. Ndi zaka 35, mwayi wokhala ndi mwana ndi 40 mpaka 5% pa kuzungulira. Pomaliza, pambuyo pa zaka 45, mwayi wa mimba yachibadwa uli pafupi 0,5% pa kuzungulira. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, izi zimangowonetsa kuti mukadikirira, zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti mukhale ndi pakati ndipo muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chithandizo chamankhwala.
Ndi zaka zingati zomwe mumayamba kukhala osabereka?
Ngati gynecologists amatilimbikitsa kwambiri kuti kukhala ndi ana athu azaka zapakati pa 20 ndi 35, izi zili choncho chifukwa khalidwe la oocyte likuipiraipira m’kupita kwa zaka. “ M'maola 36 kuti ovulation isanachitike, oocyte wokhwima ayenera kutulutsa ma chromosome, kuti agwirizane ndi umuna ndikupatsa munthu wathanzi. », Akufotokoza Prof. Wolf, dokotala wachikazi komanso wamkulu wa dipatimenti ya Cecos (3) ya chipatala cha Cochin ku Paris. “ Komabe, kutulutsa kwa majini kumeneku kumafuna mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zimacheperachepera nthawi zonse. Pafupifupi zaka 37, mphamvu zotulutsira ma chromosome amtunduwu zimayamba kusowa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake milandu ya trisomy 21, ndipo nthawi zambiri kusokonezeka kwa majini, kumakhala kofala kwambiri mwa makanda kuyambira msinkhu uno. »
Koma ngati kuzizira mazira mudakali aang'ono kungapangitse mwayi wotenga mimba mochedwa pambuyo pake, sikuti ndiko kuwerengera bwino. Chifukwa Mimba izi zimakhalabe zowopsa, pa thanzi la mwana ndi mayi, ngakhale oocyte imagwira ntchito mwachibadwa. Matenda a shuga, matenda a shuga, kuchedwa kwa fetal kukula, kusakhwima ... Pambuyo pa zaka 40-45, zovutazo zimakhala zenizeni.
Zaka zabwino pakati pa mimba ziwiri
Mwachiwonekere, pamene tikufuna ana ambiri, m'pamenenso ndi chidwi chathu "kuyambitsa" mwamsanga kukhala ndi nthawi yokwanira pamaso panu. Momwemonso, ngati mukudziwa kuti muli ndi matenda omwe amawononga mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina (endometriosis, fibroids, polycystic ovaries), ndibwino kuti musachedwe kwambiri. Pofuna kukhazikitsa zaka zoyenera malinga ndi maphunziro omwe akuyembekezeredwa, ofufuza achi Dutch (4) apanga makina apakompyuta otengera kusinthika kwa kubereka ndi zaka. Mwa kuphatikiza zaka zopitirira 300 za deta, iwo adawerengera kuchuluka kwa mwayi wokhala ndi ana omwe akufuna, kumbali imodzi kukhala ndi njira yobereketsa m'mimba, pamene ina kuti agwiritse ntchito.
Kuti mukhale ndi mwayi wosachepera 90%.kukhala ndi mwana mmodzi yekha, okwatirana ayenera kuyamba kukhala ndi mwana pamene wokondedwayo ali ndi zaka zosachepera 35, ngati in vitro fertilization ndi njira yomwe ikuganiziridwa. Chiwerengerochi chikutsika mpaka 31 ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi ana awiri, ndi pa 28 ngati mukufuna atatu. Kumbali ina, ngati wina saganizira za IVF, zingakhale zofunikira mwachitsanzo ayambe kuyezetsa mwana ali ndi zaka 27, ngati mukufuna ana awiri, ndipo kuyambira zaka 23 ngati mukufuna atatu. Kuphatikiza pa kupereka ziwerengero (zomwe siziyenera kutengedwa ngati zenizeni, mkazi aliyense kukhala wosiyana), zizindikirozi zili ndi ubwino wotikumbutsa kuti. thupi lachikazi si makina. Pambuyo pa mimba yoyamba, thupi liyeneranso kupatsidwa nthawi kuti libwerere.
(1) Chitsogozo cha makanema ojambula pa kafukufuku, maphunziro ndi ziwerengero. (2) PlOs One ndemanga, 22/01/16. (3) Center for the Study and Conservation of Human Mazira ndi Umuna.(4) Revue Kubereka Kwa Anthu, 01/06/2015.