Kodi zotsatira za placebo ndi chiyani: zochitika zenizeni

Ndife okondwa kukulandirani, owerenga okondedwa! Mphamvu ya placebo ndi pamene munthu akumva bwino atamwa mankhwala abodza omwe alibe mphamvu zandale. Ndipo lero tikambirana makhalidwe ake akuluakulu, mitundu ndi mbiri ya chiyambi.

Mbiri yazomwe zachitika

Mawuwa anagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba ndi wothandizira ogonetsa Henry Beecher. Cha m’ma 1955, anapeza kuti asilikali ovulala amene anabayidwa jekeseni wa saline wamba chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mankhwala opha ululu anali kuchira mofanana ndi amene analandira mankhwalawo mwachindunji. Atabwerera kuchokera kunkhondo, iye anasonkhanitsa anzake ku Harvard University ndi mwachangu anayamba kuphunzira chodabwitsa ichi.

Koma mbiri yakale imayamba m'ma 1700. Apa m’pamene panaonekeratu kachitidwe kachilendo ka thupi poyankha mankhwala omwe analibe mankhwala. Ndiko kuti, munthu adachira, akutsimikiza kuti akumwa mankhwalawa, ngakhale kuti adalandira "dummy".

Madotolo nawonso adawona kugwiritsa ntchito placebos ngati bodza lokakamiza, kuti asabwerenso "zinthu" odwala omwe ali ndi mankhwala omwe amatha kudwala hypochondria, ndiko kuti, kukayikira kwambiri ndikuganizira za thanzi lawo. Mutha kudziwa mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zili, komanso kumbuyo kwa zomwe zimayambira, kuchokera m'nkhani yokayikitsa.

Ngakhale kuti mawuwa ndi odziwika bwino komanso odziwika bwino kwa pafupifupi munthu aliyense padziko lapansi, samamveka bwino. Akatswiri sangapereke kufotokoza kolondola kwa zomwe zimachitika kwa munthu motsutsana ndi maziko a kudzinyenga yekha.

Makhalidwe

Zotsatirazi ndizofala, chifukwa chakuti munthu amakonda kuganiza kuti palibe ululu ndi matenda monga chizindikiro cha kuchira. Ndipo monga momwe mukuwonera kuchokera ku chitsanzo chanu, ngati mumachita kusinkhasinkha, mutha kuwongolera kukula kwa kumva kuwawa ndi mphamvu yamalingaliro, kupumula ndikukhazikika pa mfundo yakuti, mwachitsanzo, imasiya thupi ndi kupuma, pa. mpweya uliwonse. Ngati simukuchita, ndiye kuti ndikosavuta kukonza ngati mukufuna, yang'anani apa.

Placebo ikhoza kukhala:

• yogwira, kutanthauza kuti lili ndi zinthu zochepa zothandiza. Chofala kwambiri ndi vitamini C, chomwe sichivulaza thupi, koma chimathandiza ndi chimfine ndi matenda oopsa monga scurvy. Amapezeka mu ascorbic acid, nthawi zina amalembedwa motengera mapiritsi abwino, otsimikiziridwa komanso apamwamba.

• Osasamala, ndiko kuti, kusaloŵerera m’zochitika zonse. Psychology ya munthu wololera ndi yoti amamva mpumulo kumadzi amchere wamba, kuwatengera ngati mankhwala ochepetsa ululu.

Pali chinthu chonga nocebo, ndipo chimadziwonetsera mosiyana, ndiye kuti, munthu amayamba kumva kuipiraipira. Mwachitsanzo, ndi bwino kuwerenga mndandanda wa contraindications mankhwala aliwonse, monga zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana nthawi yomweyo. Panali zochitika pamene anthu okhudzidwa makamaka anali ndi mphumu ngakhale imfa.

Mfundo Zokondweretsa

Malangizo ogwiritsidwa ntchito

1. Kutsatsa kumachita ntchito yake, chifukwa ngati mupatsa munthu "dummy" ya mtundu wotchuka, ndithudi adzakhulupirira machiritso ake, makamaka ngati, mwa zina, zimakhala zodula.
2. Mtundu ndi wofunikanso, mwachitsanzo, ngati mutenga chinthu cha buluu, chidzakhala ndi zotsatira zochepetsetsa, koma ngati ndi zachikasu, zidzakuthandizani kulimbana ndi maganizo oipa panthawi yachisokonezo.
3. Nthawi zina mumayenera kuwonjezera zinthu zina zogwira ntchito ku "dummy" kuti zikhale zofanana ndi zomwe zimayambira. Mwachitsanzo, kutupa, kotero kuti wodwalayo ndi pang'ono kudwala, monga tafotokozera mu Chinsinsi.
4. Chowala komanso chosazolowereka cha kapisozi, ndizowonjezereka kuti kudziletsa kudzakhala kopambana. Chilichonse chokongola chimakopa chidwi ndikupanga chinyengo kuti chidzagwira ntchito bwino kuposa mapiritsi oyera a banal. Mwa njira, kukula kumakhudzanso, ma dragees ang'onoang'ono samapereka zotsatira, mosiyana ndi mapiritsi akuluakulu, omwe nthawi zina amakhala ovuta kuwameza.
5. Zimagwira ntchito bwino ngati munthu amwa makapisozi awiri motsatana. Ndipo, mwa njira, ndi bwino kumwa kawiri pa tsiku kusiyana ndi kangapo kamodzi pa nthawi.
6. Ngati mupanga chisankho pakati pa jekeseni ndi mapiritsi, ndiye kuti jekeseniyo imawoneka yolimba kwambiri, chifukwa chake mphamvuyo ndi yapamwamba.

malangizo

• Ana amakhala ndi malingaliro, chifukwa alibe malingaliro omveka bwino okhudza dziko lino ndi zomwe zikuchitika mmenemo, choncho amakhulupirira zozizwitsa zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimangowonjezera zotsatira za "pacifiers". Akuluakulu, kumbali ina, amamvetsetsa zomwe zili zenizeni ndi zomwe siziri, chifukwa chake amadzipangira okha kudzudzula ndikuwunika nthawi zomwe amakhala nazo. Koma ngati munthu sakumvetsa mankhwala, kudzakhalanso kosavuta kwa iye “kulimbikitsa” malingaliro okhudza mankhwala ozizwitsa omwe angathandizedi.
• Mwa njira, mutha kukopeka ndi mankhwala abodza. Pali kudalira kwamalingaliro, chizolowezi chamankhwala, chopanda zinthu zogwira ntchito.
• Kuchuluka kwa chiwonetsero kumasiyana malinga ndi malo okhala. Tiyerekeze kuti katemera ndi wofala kwambiri ku United States, ndipo zonsezi chifukwa chakuti anthu ambiri amakhala ndi hypochondria, yomwe inatchulidwa kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi.
• Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, ngakhale kuti munthuyo akudziwa kuti akumwa mankhwala abodza, kuchira kumachitikabe, ngati kuti analandira chithandizo cha "zabwinobwino".
• Kodi mukudziwa chifukwa chake anthu ambiri amamwa mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano? Nthawi zambiri zimasonyeza zotsatira zabwino, ndipo chifukwa chakuti "akatswiri" amapereka chisamaliro chokwanira kwa odwala awo, zomwe sitinganene za madokotala achikhalidwe, omwe amafunikanso kukhala pamzere wautali. Pokhala atalandira gawo la chidwi chofunika kwambiri mwa munthu wake, munthu amakhaladi mtima pansi, zomwe zimamupangitsa kumva bwino. Mwa njira, wogwira ntchito zachipatala akakhala wachifundo kwambiri, mankhwala abodza amakhala othandiza kwambiri. Kupatula apo, munthu wabwino wotero ndi wachifundo amatha kuchiza. Sichoncho?

Research

Kodi mukudziwa momwe amadziwira ngati zotsatira za placebo zikuwonekera kapena ayi? Chitani kafukufuku polemba gulu la anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ofanana, kenaka muwagawe m’timagulu ting’onoting’ono. Yoyamba ndi yolamulira, otenga nawo mbali adzalandira chithandizo chokwanira, chachiwiri ndi choyesera, "dummy" idzagawidwa mmenemo, ndipo chachitatu ndi calibration, zidzakhala ndi zotsatira zake. ogwirizana ndi kufananizidwa, popeza anthu omwe ali mamembala ake sadzalandira mankhwala aliwonse .

Pankhani yomwe ophunzirawo samadziwa kuti ndi gulu liti, kuyesa kapena kuyesa, ndiye kuti phunziroli limatchedwa akhungu. Ngati ngakhale madokotala okha sanadziwe ma nuances onse, ndiye kawiri-khungu, zomwe, mwa njira, ndizodalirika komanso zodalirika. Pokhapokha, mankhwala ambiri adawoneka omwe alibe zigawo zomwe zimachiritsa thupi, mwachitsanzo, glycine, riboxin, glucosamine, ndi zina zotero.

Ngakhale kuti akatswiri ambiri azaumoyo amazengereza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala onyenga, nthawi zina ichi ndi sitepe yofunikira kuthandiza odwala, chifukwa chiyembekezo chiri kale theka la kuchira, ndipo sikoyenera nthawi zonse "kuyika" thupi ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, makamaka ngati pali vuto. matenda anayamba chifukwa cha maganizo. kupsinjika maganizo, kupwetekedwa mtima ndi kuchita mopambanitsa.

Matenda oterowo amatchedwa psychosomatic, ndipo mpaka mtendere wamumtima utabwezeretsedwa, iwo sadzatha. Mwachitsanzo, zilonda zam'mimba zochiritsidwa zimatha kuwonekera mobwerezabwereza mpaka munthu atazindikira zodandaula zake, zomwe amaziunjikira mkati mwake ndipo samaulula bwino ubalewo.

Tiyeni tiwone zitsanzo za machiritso a placebo omwe ali odabwitsa kwambiri.

zitsanzo

1. Akatswiri akunja adayesa anthu omwe akudwala matenda a Parkinson. Odwalawo adagawidwa m'magulu awiri, m'modzi mwa odwalawo adachitidwa opaleshoni, "kubzala" ma cell a mitsempha mu ubongo, omwe amayenera kuwathandiza kuti achire, ndipo ena adangouzidwa kuti machitidwe omwewo adachitidwa nawo. , m’chenicheni, kusiyapo kuchitapo opaleshoni .

Mwa njira, kuyesera kunali kopanda khungu, ndiko kuti, ngakhale madokotalawo sankadziwa zambiri. Ndipo mukuganiza bwanji? Chaka chimodzi pambuyo pake, odwala onse adawonetsa zotsatira zabwino.

2. Panthawi ya nkhondo mu 1994, msilikali wina anavulala mwendo, koma dokotala wa kumunda analibe mankhwala oletsa ululu. Koma anapeza njira yothetsera vutoli popatsa msilikali wovulazidwayo madzi wamba, kunena za mphamvu zake zochepetsera ululu. Chodabwitsa, chinagwira ntchito.

3. Ndi mphamvu ya kulingalira, n’zotheka ngakhale kuchiza khansa, monga umboni wa nkhani ya mwamuna wina amene anangopezeka ndi nthenda yovutayi. Iye anataya pafupifupi 44 makilogalamu kulemera kwa kanthawi kochepa, monga matenda achinyengo anakantha pakhosi pake, ndipo sanathe kudya mokwanira, nthawi zambiri akuvutika ndi ululu.

Dokotala wopezekapo wa tsokalo, limodzi ndi chithandizo cha ma radiation, adaganiza zomuphunzitsa njira zodzidzimutsa kuti athe kuchepetsa vutoli pang'ono. Poganizira momwe maselo a khansa amachoka m'thupi mothandizidwa ndi impso ndi chiwindi, mwamunayo sanathe kumverera bwino, komanso kuti achire.

Kutsiliza

Ndipo ndizo zonse za lero, owerenga okondedwa! Pomaliza, ndikufuna ndikulimbikitseni kuti musasiye chithandizo chachikhalidwe m'malo mwa njira ina, kuti zotsatira zake zisawonekere - nocebo, koma, kutsatira malingaliro a akatswiri, ganiziraninso zabwino kuti mukhale wathanzi komanso wodzaza mphamvu. . Momwe mungachitire molondola, muphunzira kuchokera m'nkhani ya alpha rendering. Dzisamalireni nokha ndi okondedwa!