Tchizichi ndi chimodzi mwa zakudya zotchuka kwambiri ku Japan ndi China ndipo zimakhala ngati gwero lalikulu la mapuloteni kwa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri ndipo motero amatchedwa "nyama yopanda mafupa". Kodi mumadziwa kusankha, kuphika ndi kusunga chakudya chakum'mawachi?
Tofu ndi dzina lachijapani la curd, lomwe limapangidwa kuchokera kumadzi okhala ngati mkaka omwe amachokera ku soya. Tofu adawonekera ku China, m'nthawi ya Han (zaka za m'ma III BC), komwe amatchedwa "dofu". Kenaka, pokonzekera, nyemba zotupazo zinaphwanyidwa ndi madzi, mkaka umakhala wowiritsa ndipo mchere wa m'nyanja, magnesia kapena gypsum unawonjezeredwa, zomwe zinachititsa kuti mapuloteniwo awonongeke. Kenako mafuta otsekemerawo amakanikizidwa mu minofu kuti achotse madzi ochulukirapo.
Ku Japan, tofu amatchedwa "o-tofu". Mawu akuti “o” amatanthauza “wolemekezeka, wolemekezeka,” ndipo masiku ano aliyense ku Japan ndi ku China amadya tofu. Soya ndi imodzi mwa mbewu zisanu zopatulika ku China, ndipo tofu ndi chakudya chofunikira kwambiri ku Asia konse, chomwe chimakhala ngati gwero lalikulu la mapuloteni a anthu mamiliyoni ambiri. Kum'mawa, tofu amatchedwa "nyama yopanda mafupa". Ndizochepa muzakudya ndipo zimatengedwa mosavuta ndi thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chakudya chamtengo wapatali kwa ana ndi akulu.
Tofu ikhoza kukhala yofewa, yolimba, kapena yolimba kwambiri. "Silika" tofu ndi wofewa, wosakhwima komanso ngati custard. Nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa m'mitsuko yodzaza ndi madzi. Ndi chinthu chowonongeka chomwe chiyenera kusungidwa pa -7 ° C. Kuti tofu ikhale yabwino, madzi ayenera kusinthidwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Tofu watsopano ali ndi kukoma kokoma pang'ono. Ngati ayamba kuwawa, ayenera kuwiritsa kwa mphindi 10, ndiye kuti adzatupa ndikukhala porous kuposa osaphika. Tofu imatha kuzizira, koma ikatha, imakhala yolimba komanso yolimba.
Tofu amadyedwa yaiwisi, yokazinga, yokazinga ndi kusuta. Zimakhala zopanda kukoma, zomwe zimalola kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi masukisi okondweretsa kwambiri, zonunkhira ndi zokometsera, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi oyenera pafupifupi njira iliyonse yophikira.
Ponena za tofu, munthu sangalephere kutchula mankhwala monga tempeh. Tempe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Indonesia kwazaka zopitilira 2. Masiku ano mankhwalawa angapezeke m'masitolo ambiri komanso m'masitolo ogulitsa zakudya m'zipinda zozizira. Tempeh ndi keke yofufumitsa, yoponderezedwa yopangidwa kuchokera ku soya komanso chikhalidwe cha mafangasi chotchedwa Rhizopus oligosporus. Bowawa amapanga nkhungu yoyera yomwe imalowa mu soya yonse, kusintha mawonekedwe ake ndikupanga kutumphuka ngati tchizi. Tempeh amakhala wowoneka bwino komanso wandiweyani, pafupifupi ngati nyama, ndipo amamva kukoma kwa mtedza. Anthu ena amafananiza ndi nyama yamwana wang'ombe.
Tempeh imasakanizidwa ndi mpunga, quinoa, mtedza, nyemba, tirigu, oats, balere kapena kokonati. Ndiwotchuka kwambiri muzakudya zamasamba padziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa ndi chinthu chokhutiritsa kwambiri - gwero lachilengedwe chonse la mapuloteni omwe amatha kuphikidwa mu uvuni kapena wokazinga, wokazinga kwambiri kapena mafuta.
Imasungidwa mufiriji kwa milungu ingapo pomwe phukusili lili bwino, koma likatsegulidwa, liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa masiku ochepa. Mawanga akuda pamwamba siwowopsa, koma tempeh ikasintha mtundu kapena fungo lowawasa, iyenera kutayidwa. Wiritsani tempeh kwathunthu musanaphike, koma ngati mumayendetsa nthawi yayitali, mutha kudumpha izi.
Wolemba ntchito ku Wday.ru, Julia Ionina