Zamkatimu
Choyambirira kukumbukira ndikuti mitundu yokhayo yakucha ndiyoyenera kumadera okhala ndi chilimwe chozizira komanso chachifupi - imapsa mkati mwa masiku 90 ndikutha kutulutsa mbewu chilimwe chisanathe. Koma ndibwino kusankha mavwende oyambilira - amakolola m'masiku 60, ndiye kuti, koyambirira kwa Ogasiti.
Mavwende amatha kufesedwa nthawi yomweyo pamalo otseguka. Koma ndi zambiri odalirika kukula mwa mbande. Ndipo apa ndikofunikira kudziwa nthawi yobzala mavwende mu 2022.
Momwe mungadziwire masiku otsetsereka m'dera lanu
Mavwende ndi thermophilic kwambiri, samalekerera chisanu, koma sakonda ngakhale kutentha kwabwino pansi pa 10 ° C - kukula kwawo kumayima (1).
Mutha kubzala mavwende mwachindunji pamabedi, kapena kuwakulitsa kudzera mu mbande. Nthawi yofesa idzadalira izi:
- kwa mbande za greenhouses - Marichi 25 - Epulo 5;
- kwa mbande zotseguka - Epulo 25 - Meyi 5;
- mbewu pamalo otseguka - May 25 - June 5.
Momwe mungakonzekerere mbewu zobzala
Mbewu za mavwende ndi zazikulu, zimamera mofulumira ndipo sizifuna kukonzekera kwapadera, zikhoza kufesedwa bwinobwino m'nthaka. Ndipo mwa njira, pofesa pamalo otseguka, ndi bwino kuchita izi.
"Ndizowopsa kufesa mbewu zomera pamabedi, makamaka ngati mubwera ku dacha kamodzi pa sabata - ngati kunja kukutentha, nthaka imatha kuuma mwachangu, mizu yofewa ya mbewu zomwe zamera zimafa popanda kukhala ndi nthawi yolowera mozama. , ndiyeno mavwende adzawabzalanso,” akutero agronomist-woweta Svetlana Mihailova. - Ndipo mbewu zowuma zimatha kugona pansi, kudikirira chinyezi chokwanira.
Koma pofesa mbande, njere zimatha kumizidwa tsiku limodzi m'madzi ofunda kuti zitukuke. Pankhaniyi, mphukira zidzawoneka mofulumira. Kapena mukhoza kumera mbewu - kuzikulunga mu nsalu yonyowa ndikuziyika pamalo otentha. Mizu ikangophuka, ndi nthawi yobzala.
"Komanso, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mbewu zotupa ndi kumera ziyenera kukhala mudothi lonyowa nthawi zonse - simungawumitse mochulukira," akuchenjeza Svetlana Mikhailova. - Choncho madzi m'nthawi yake - nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono nthawi zonse. Koma mpaka mphindi ya mphukira.
Malangizo osamalira mbande za chivwende
Mavwende amachokera kumadera ouma a kum’mwera kwa Africa (2), kumene amamera pa dothi losauka. Choncho mfundo zazikulu za chisamaliro.
Nthaka. Dothi la mbande liyenera kukhala lotayirira komanso lopanda michere yambiri. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lapadziko lonse lapansi kuchokera kusitolo, koma liyenera kusakanikirana ndi mchenga mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 1.
Malo. Malo a mbande ayenera kukhala dzuwa kwambiri - ndithudi zenera lakumwera. Kapena muyenera kupereka zowunikira zabwino.
Kuthirira. Mbande za chivwende ziyenera kuthiriridwa mosamala kwambiri. Mpaka nthawi yakumera, nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono, ndiyeno kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa kuti mpira wapadziko lapansi pakati pawo uume kwathunthu.
Kudyetsa. Mbande za mavwende sizifunikira feteleza - zimangokulitsa kukula, koma tifunika kuti mbewuzo zisakule misa yobiriwira, koma kuti zigwiritse ntchito mphamvu zawo pakupanga thumba losunga mazira ndi kucha kwa mbewu.
Kukonzekera kutera mu nthaka. Musanasamutse mbande kuti mutsegule nthaka, ndikofunikira kuumitsa - kupita nayo kukhonde, kumpweya wabwino kwa milungu 1-2.
- Masiku oyambirira kwa maola angapo, ndiyeno nthawi yowumitsa iyenera kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, - Svetlana Mikhailova akulangiza. - Masiku angapo musanabzale pamalo otseguka, mbande zimatha kusiyidwa kunja ndi usiku, ndithudi, mutatha kuyang'ana nyengo - ndikofunikira kuti pasakhale chisanu.
Masiku abwino obzala mbande kunyumba kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha
Mavwende amapanga mikwingwirima yayitali, chifukwa chake musathamangire kubzala mbande za mbande - mbewu zomwe zidakula zimakhala zovuta kubzala, ndipo zimamera moyipa. Mutha kubzala mbande mu greenhouses kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi. Pamalo otseguka - pambuyo pa Meyi 25. Zaka za mbande panthawiyi ziyenera kukhala masiku 20-30 (3), ndipo zomera ziyenera kukhala ndi masamba enieni 3-4 (4).
Masiku abwino obzala mbande kunyumba kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha: kufesa mbewu - Marichi 11 - 17, Epulo 1, 8 - 9, kubzala mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha - Epulo 25 - 26, Meyi 1 - 15, 31, Juni 1 - 12.
Yabwino masiku chodzala mbande lotseguka pansi
Palibenso chifukwa chothamangira ndi kubzala mbande. Kuti mbewu zisaphedwe ndi chisanu, ziyenera kubzalidwa pambuyo pa Meyi 25, komanso modalirika kuyambira Juni 1 mpaka Juni 10.
Masiku abwino obzala mbande pamalo otseguka: Meyi 31, Juni 1 - 12.
Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka
Chinanso chomwe muyenera kudziwa mukamakula mavwende, tinauzidwa ndi agronomist-weeder Svetlana Mikhailova.
Kodi kusankha zosiyanasiyana chivwende?
Nthawi zambiri, musanagule mbewu, yang'anani zambiri zamitundu yosiyanasiyana mu State Register of Breeding Achievements - zili pa intaneti ndipo zikuwonetsa komwe mitunduyo imayikidwa.
Kodi mbewu za chivwende zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kumera?
Kodi mbewu zimafunikira kumera musanafese?
Koma pofesa mbewu pamalo otseguka, ndi bwino kumera, chifukwa kumapeto kwa Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni kumatentha kunja, nthaka imauma mwachangu, ndipo ngati muli mdzikolo kumapeto kwa sabata, mbewu sizingamere. Ndipo zomwe zamera zimamera msanga ndipo mbewuyo imatha kudzitengera yokha chinyezi.
Magwero a
- Fisenko AN, Serpukhovitina KA, Stolyarov AI Garden. Buku // Rostov-on-Don, Rostov University Press, 1994 - 416 p.
- Yakubovskaya LD, Yakubovsky VN, Rozhkova LN ABC wokhala m'chilimwe // Minsk, OOO "Orakul", OOO Lazurak, IPKA "Publicity", 1994 - 415 p.
- Pantielev Ya.Kh. Wolima masamba a ABC // M .: Kolos, 1992 - 383 p.
- Shuin KA, Zakraevskaya NK, Ippolitova N.Ya. Munda kuyambira masika mpaka autumn // Minsk, Uradzhay, 1990 - 256 p.