Zamkatimu
Bowa woyera (Boletus edulis)
- Gawo: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
- Kugawikana: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
- Kalasi: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
- Kagulu: Agaricomycetidae (Agaricomycetes)
- Order: Boletales (Boletales)
- Banja: Boletaceae (Boletaceae)
- Mtundu: Boletus
- Type: Boletus edulis (Cep)
Porcini (Ndi t. boletus edulis) ndi bowa wochokera ku mtundu wa boletus.
Ali ndi:
Mtundu wa kapu ya bowa wa porcini, kutengera momwe amakulira, umasiyana kuchokera ku zoyera mpaka zofiirira, nthawi zina (makamaka mumitundu yapaini ndi spruce) wokhala ndi utoto wofiira. Mawonekedwe a kapu poyamba amakhala a hemispherical, kenako amakhala ngati khushoni, otukukira, owoneka bwino kwambiri, mpaka 25 cm mulifupi. Pamwamba pa kapu ndi yosalala, pang'ono velvety. Zamkati ndi zoyera, wandiweyani, wandiweyani, sasintha mtundu pamene wosweka, pafupifupi odorless, ndi okoma nutty kukoma.
Mwendo:
Bowa wa porcini ali ndi mwendo waukulu kwambiri, mpaka 20 cm wamtali, mpaka 5 cm wandiweyani, wolimba, wozungulira, wotambasulidwa m'munsi, woyera kapena bulauni wonyezimira, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe opepuka a mesh kumtunda. Monga lamulo, gawo lalikulu la mwendo ndi mobisa, mu zinyalala.
Spore layer:
Poyamba zoyera, kenako motsatizana zimasanduka zachikasu ndi zobiriwira. Ma pores ndi ang'onoang'ono, ozungulira.
Spore powder:
Olive brown.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa woyera imamera m'nkhalango zowirira, zobiriwira komanso zosakanikirana kuyambira koyambirira kwa chilimwe mpaka Okutobala (nthawi zonse), ndikupanga mycorrhiza ndi mitengo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zipatso zomwe zimatchedwa "mafunde" (kumayambiriro kwa June, pakati pa July, August, etc.). Mafunde oyambirira, monga lamulo, sakhala ochuluka kwambiri, pamene imodzi mwa mafunde otsatirawa nthawi zambiri imakhala yopindulitsa kwambiri kuposa ina.
Matenda a fungus (Tylopilus felleus)
muunyamata amawoneka ngati bowa woyera (kenako amakhala ngati boletus (Leccinum scabrum)). Zimasiyana ndi bowa woyera wa ndulu makamaka mukuwawa, zomwe zimapangitsa bowa kuti asadyedwe, komanso mtundu wa pinki wamtundu wa tubular, womwe umasanduka pinki (mwatsoka, nthawi zina wofooka kwambiri) panthawi yopuma ndi thupi ndi mtundu wakuda wa mauna. pa mwendo. Titha kudziwanso kuti zamkati mwa fungus nthawi zonse zimakhala zoyera komanso zosakhudzidwa ndi mphutsi, pomwe mu bowa wa porcini mumamvetsetsa ...
Mtengo wa oak wamba (Suillellus luridus)
ndi Boletus eruthropus - oak wamba, komanso amasokonezeka ndi bowa woyera. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti zamkati za bowa wa porcini sizisintha mtundu, zimakhala zoyera ngakhale mu supu, zomwe sitinganene za thundu la buluu.
Kulondola, imatengedwa kuti ndi yabwino kwambiri bowa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira iliyonse.
Kulima m'mafakitale kwa bowa woyera ndikopanda phindu, kotero kumawetedwa ndi olima bowa amateur okha.
Kuti mubzale, ndikofunikira choyamba kupanga mikhalidwe yopangira mycorrhiza. Magawo am'nyumba amagwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe mitengo yotsika komanso ya coniferous imabzalidwa, mawonekedwe a malo okhala bowa, kapena madera ankhalango zachilengedwe amakhala okha. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito minda yaing'ono ndi zobzala (zaka 5-10) za birch, oak, pine kapena spruce.
Kumapeto kwa 6 - kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 8. M'dziko Lathu, njira iyi inali yofala: bowa wokhwima amasungidwa kwa tsiku limodzi m'madzi ndikusakaniza, kenako amasefedwa ndipo potero kuyimitsidwa kwa spores kunapezedwa. Anathirira minda pansi pa mitengo. Pakadali pano, mycelium yopangidwa mwaluso imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kufesa, koma nthawi zambiri zinthu zachilengedwe zimatengedwa. Mukhoza kutenga tubular wosanjikiza wa bowa okhwima (pa zaka 20-30 masiku), amene zouma pang'ono ndi zofesedwa pansi zinyalala mu zidutswa zing'onozing'ono. Pambuyo kufesa, spores akhoza kukolola m'chaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu. Nthawi zina nthaka ndi mycelium yotengedwa m'nkhalango imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbande: malo apakati 10-15 masentimita mu kukula ndi 1-2 masentimita akuya amadulidwa mozungulira bowa woyera wopezeka ndi mpeni. manyowa a akavalo ndi kuwonjezera pang'ono kwa nkhuni zowola za oak, panthawi ya composting, kuthirira ndi yankho la 3% la ammonium nitrate. Kenaka, m'dera lamthunzi, dothi limachotsedwa ndipo humus imayikidwa mu zigawo 5-7, kutsanulira zigawo ndi nthaka. Mycelium imabzalidwa pabedi lomwe limakhala lozama masentimita XNUMX-XNUMX, bedi limanyowa ndikukutidwa ndi masamba.
Zokolola za bowa woyera zimafika 64-260 kg/ha pa nyengo.