Anthu ambiri amaganiza mochita mantha kuti kwinakwake padziko lapansi akhoza kudya agalu, ndipo monjenjemera amakumbukira kuona zithunzi za agalu akufa atapachikidwa pa mbedza zokhala ndi zikopa zonyezimira.
Inde, kungoganiza za izo kumawopsya ndi kukhumudwitsa. Koma funso lomveka limabuka lakuti: N’chifukwa chiyani anthu sakwiyanso chifukwa cha kupha nyama zina? Mwachitsanzo, ku United States, nkhumba pafupifupi 100 miliyoni zimaphedwa chaka chilichonse pofuna nyama. Chifukwa chiyani izi sizikuyambitsa ziwonetsero za anthu?
Yankho ndi losavuta - kukondera kwamalingaliro. Sitimalumikizana m'maganizo ndi nkhumba mpaka momwe kuzunzika kwawo kumakhalira ndi ife monga momwe agalu amavutikira. Koma, monga Melanie Joy, katswiri wa zamaganizo ndi katswiri wa "carnism", kuti timakonda agalu koma kudya nkhumba ndi chinyengo chomwe palibe kulungamitsidwa koyenera kwamakhalidwe.
Si zachilendo kumva mkangano kuti tiyenera kusamala kwambiri za agalu chifukwa cha nzeru zawo zapamwamba chikhalidwe. Chikhulupirirochi chikusonyezanso kuti anthu amathera nthawi yochuluka podziwana ndi agalu kusiyana ndi nkhumba. Anthu ambiri amasunga agalu ngati ziweto, ndipo kudzera muubwenzi wapamtima ndi agalu, takhala ogwirizana nawo m'maganizo motero timawasamalira. Koma kodi agalu ndi osiyanadi ndi nyama zina zimene anthu anazolowera kudya?
Ngakhale kuti agalu ndi nkhumba n’zoonekeratu kuti sizofanana, n’zofanana kwambiri m’njira zambiri zimene zimaoneka kuti n’zofunika kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri. Ali ndi nzeru zofanana za chikhalidwe cha anthu ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wofanana. Agalu ndi nkhumba zimatha kuzindikira zizindikiro zoperekedwa ndi anthu. Ndipo, zowona, mamembala amitundu yonseyi amatha kukumana ndi zowawa ndikulakalaka kukhala ndi moyo wopanda zowawa.
Choncho tinganene kuti nkhumba zimayenera kuchitiridwa zinthu mofanana ndi agalu. Koma n’chifukwa chiyani dzikoli silikufulumira kumenyera ufulu wawo?
Nthawi zambiri anthu saona kusagwirizana m’maganizo awo, makamaka pankhani ya nyama. Andrew Rowan, mkulu wa Center for Animal Affairs and Public Policy pa Yunivesite ya Tufts, ananenapo kuti “kusagwirizana kokha pa mmene anthu amaganizira za nyama ndiko kusagwirizana.” Mawu awa akuthandizidwa mowonjezereka ndi kafukufuku watsopano m'munda wa psychology.
Kodi kusagwirizana kwa anthu kumaonekera bwanji?
Choyamba, anthu amalola chikoka cha zinthu zosafunikira pa ziweruzo zawo za makhalidwe a nyama. Nthawi zambiri anthu amaganiza ndi mtima, osati mitu yawo. Mwachitsanzo, m’nkhani ina, anthu anapatsidwa zithunzithunzi za nyama zapafamu ndipo anafunsidwa kuti asankhe cholakwa chotani pozivulaza. Komabe, ophunzirawo sankadziwa kuti zithunzizo zinali ana (monga nkhuku) ndi nyama zazikulu (nkhuku zazikulu).
Nthawi zambiri anthu ankanena kuti n’kulakwa kuvulaza ana aang’ono kusiyana ndi kuvulaza akuluakulu. Koma chifukwa chiyani? Zinapezeka kuti ziweruzo zotere zimagwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti zinyama zokongola zimatulutsa kumverera kwachikondi ndi chikondi mwa anthu, pamene akuluakulu satero. Nzeru za nyama sizimakhudza izi.
Ngakhale kuti zotsatirazi sizingadabwe, zimasonya ku vuto mu ubale wathu ndi makhalidwe abwino. Makhalidwe athu pankhaniyi akuwoneka kuti akulamulidwa ndi malingaliro osazindikira m'malo moyerekeza kulingalira.
Chachiwiri, ndife osagwirizana pakugwiritsa ntchito "zowona". Timakonda kuganiza kuti umboni umakhala kumbali yathu—zomwe akatswiri a zamaganizo amatcha “kukondera kotsimikizirika.” Munthu m'modzi adafunsidwa kuti ayese mlingo wawo wa mgwirizano kapena kusagwirizana ndi phindu lazamasamba, lomwe limachokera ku ubwino wa chilengedwe kupita ku zinyama, thanzi ndi ndalama.
Anthu ankayembekezeredwa kulankhula za ubwino wosadya zamasamba, kuchirikiza zina mwazotsutsa, koma osati zonse. Komabe, anthu sanangochirikiza phindu limodzi kapena ziwiri — amavomereza zonse kapena ayi. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, anthu mwachisawawa amavomereza mikangano yonse yomwe imagwirizana ndi zomwe akuganiza mopupuluma ngati kuli bwino kudya nyama kapena kusadya zamasamba.
Chachitatu, ndife osinthika kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chokhudza nyama. M’malo moganizira mozama za nkhani kapena mfundo, timakonda kuchirikiza umboni umene umagwirizana ndi zimene tikufuna kukhulupirira. Pakafukufuku wina, anthu anafunsidwa kuti afotokoze mmene kungakhale kulakwa kudya imodzi mwa nyama zitatu zosiyana. Nyama imodzi inali yopeka, nyama yachilendo imene iwo sanakumanepo nayo; yachiwiri inali tapir, nyama yachilendo yomwe siidyedwa mu chikhalidwe cha oyankha; ndipo potsiriza nkhumba.
Onse omwe adatenga nawo gawo adalandira chidziwitso chofanana chokhudzana ndi luntha komanso kuzindikira kwa nyama. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anthu anayankha kuti n’kulakwa kupha mlendo ndi tapir pofuna chakudya. Kwa nkhumba, popanga chiweruzo cha makhalidwe abwino, ophunzira ananyalanyaza zambiri za nzeru zake. Mu chikhalidwe cha anthu, kudya nkhumba kumaonedwa ngati chizolowezi - ndipo izi zinali zokwanira kuchepetsa kufunika kwa moyo wa nkhumba pamaso pa anthu, ngakhale kuti zinyamazi zidakula.
Kotero, ngakhale zingawoneke ngati zotsutsana kuti anthu ambiri savomereza kudya agalu koma amakhutira kudya nyama yankhumba, sizosadabwitsa chifukwa cha maganizo. Psychology yathu yamakhalidwe ndi yabwino kupeza zolakwika, koma osati pankhani ya zochita zathu ndi zomwe timakonda.