Chikwapu cha Willow (Pluteus salicinus) chithunzi ndi kufotokozera

Chikwapu cha Willow (Pluteus salicinus)

• Rhodosporus salicinus;
• Pluteus petasatus.

Chikwapu cha Willow (Pluteus salicinus) ndi bowa wamtundu wa Plyutey ndi banja la Plyuteev. Katswiri wa sayansi ya mycologist Vasser akufotokoza mtundu wa bowa ngati wodyedwa, koma wosaphunzira pang'ono. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, wolemba yemweyo akufotokoza za bowa ngati wokhudzana ndi chitsanzo cha ku America, ndipo amasonyeza kuti chikwapu cha msondodzi ndi hallucinogenic. M'mapangidwe ake, zinthu zingapo zidapezeka zomwe zimayambitsa kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, kuphatikiza psilocybin.

Kufotokozera Kwakunja

Thupi la fruiting la msondodzi limakhala ndi miyendo ya chipewa. Mnofu wake ndi wosalimba, woonda, wamadzi, womwe umadziwika ndi mtundu wonyezimira wonyezimira kapena woyera, m'dera la mwendo kuchokera mkati mwake ndi lotayirira, ukasweka umakhala wobiriwira pang'ono. Fungo ndi kukoma kwake kungakhale kosamveka kapena kofooka kawirikawiri.

Chipewa m'mimba mwake chimachokera ku 2 mpaka 5 cm (nthawi zina - 8 cm), poyamba chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena ozungulira. M'matupi okhwima okhwima, amakhala athyathyathya-wogwadira kapena osalala-opingasa. Pakatikati pa kapu, tubercle yopyapyala, yotakata komanso yotsika nthawi zambiri imawonekera. Pamwamba pa kapu ya bowa wa msondodzi ndi wonyezimira, wonyezimira wonyezimira, ndipo ulusi wake umakhala wakuda kwambiri kuposa mthunzi waukulu. Mtundu wa kapu ya bowa wofotokozedwayo ukhoza kukhala wobiriwira-wobiriwira, wabulauni-imvi, wotuwa-bluish, wofiirira kapena wotuwa. Mphepete mwa kapu nthawi zambiri imakhala yakuthwa, ndipo mu chinyezi chachikulu imakhala yamizeremizere.

Kutalika kwa tsinde la bowa kumasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku 3 mpaka 5 (nthawi zina 10) masentimita, ndipo m'mimba mwake nthawi zambiri kumakhala kuyambira 0.3 mpaka 1 cm. Nthawi zambiri imakhala yowoneka ngati cylindrical, yautali wautali, ndipo imatha kukhuthala pang'ono pafupi ndi tsinde. Mapangidwe a mwendo ndi wofanana, nthawi zina umakhala wopindika, wokhala ndi mnofu wosalimba. Mtundu - woyera, wonyezimira pamwamba, m'matupi ena a zipatso ukhoza kukhala ndi imvi, azitona, bluish kapena zobiriwira. Pamatupi akale a zipatso, mawanga abuluu kapena imvi nthawi zambiri amawonekera. Zizindikiro zomwezo zimawonekera ndi kukakamiza kwakukulu pazamkati la bowa.

Bowa hymenophore - lamellar, imakhala ndi mbale zing'onozing'ono, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakonzedwa, zomwe poyamba zimakhala ndi zonona kapena zoyera. Zomera zokhwima zimakhala zofiirira kapena zofiirira. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a ellipsoidal komanso osalala.

Grebe nyengo ndi malo okhala

Kugwira ntchito kwa msondodzi slugs kumagwera kuyambira Juni mpaka Okutobala (ndipo akakula m'malo otentha, bowa amabala zipatso kuyambira koyambirira kwa kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa autumn). Mitundu ya bowa yomwe ikufotokozedwayo imamera makamaka m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi zowonongeka, imakonda malo a chinyezi ndipo ndi ya gulu la saprotrophs. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka payekhapayekha. Nthawi zambiri mivi ya msondodzi imatha kuwoneka m'magulu ang'onoang'ono (matupi angapo a fruiting motsatana). Bowa limamera pamasamba akugwa amitengo, pafupi ndi mizu, msondodzi, alder, birch, beech, linden ndi popula. Nthawi zina chikwapu cha msondodzi chimatha kuwonekanso pamitengo yamitengo ya coniferous (kuphatikiza ma pine kapena spruces). Zikwapu za Willow zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Europe, North America, Asia ndi North Africa. Mukhozanso kuona bowa wamtunduwu ku Caucasus, Eastern Siberia, Kazakhstan, Dziko Lathu (gawo la ku Ulaya), ku Far East.

Kukula

Chikwapu cha Willow (Pluteus salicinus) ndi cha bowa wodyedwa, koma kukula kwake kochepa, kofooka, kukoma kosaneneka komanso kupezeka komwe kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kusonkhanitsa bowa ndikugwiritsa ntchito chakudya.

Mitundu yofananira ndi kusiyana kwawo

Zachilengedwe komanso mawonekedwe amtundu wa mkondo wa msondodzi zimalola ngakhale wotola bowa wosadziwa kusiyanitsa mitundu iyi ndi bowa wina wamtundu womwe wafotokozedwa. Mawanga akuluakulu otuwa kapena otuwa amawoneka bwino pa mwendo wake. M'matupi okhwima okhwima, mtunduwo umakhala wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira. Koma zizindikiro zonsezi zimatha kutchulidwa mochuluka kapena mocheperapo, malingana ndi malo a kukula kwa matupi a fruiting a msondodzi. Zowona, nthawi zina zing'onozing'ono zamalavule agwape, zomwe zimakhala ndi mtundu wowala, zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi bowa. Poyang'aniridwa ndi ma microscopic, zitsanzo zonsezi zimatha kusiyanitsa mosavuta wina ndi mzake. Mbalame zamphongo, zofanana ndi zamoyo zomwe zafotokozedwa, zilibe zomangira pa mycelium. Kuphatikiza apo, ma spittles a msondodzi amasiyana ndi spittles agwape kuti zitha kuwoneka kusintha kwamitundu, komanso mumthunzi wakuda wa kapu.

Zambiri za bowa

Dzina lachidule la bowa - Pluteus limachokera ku liwu lachilatini, lomasuliridwa kuti "chishango chozinga". Epithet salicinus yowonjezera imachokera ku liwu lachilatini, ndipo pomasulira limatanthauza "msondodzi".