10 mfundo za mafuta m'thupi

Minofu yamafuta, kapena "chishalo", imawoneka ngati chisa cha uchi chokhala ndi thovu. Ma vesicles awa ndi maselo amafuta (otchedwa adipocytes). Amapezeka mwa mwana wosabadwayo wa masabata 14. Timabadwa ndi adipocyte pafupifupi 30 miliyoni. Pakubadwa, minofu ya adipose imakhala pafupifupi 13 peresenti. wakhanda kulemera kwa thupi, ndipo kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba kale 1 peresenti. Kuchuluka kwa minofu ya adipose kumawonjezeka makamaka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa maselo amafuta, omwe pang'onopang'ono amadzaza ndi triglycerides. Magwero awo muzakudya ndi masamba ndi mafuta a nyama. Ma triglycerides amapangidwanso ndi chiwindi kuchokera ku shuga (ma carbohydrate osavuta) ndi mafuta acids. - Chifukwa cha kusadya bwino, maselo amafuta omwe amatuluka amakula mopitilira muyeso. Mwanjira imeneyi, "timapanga" kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri pakukula, akutero Prof. Andrzej Milewicz, endocrinologist, internist, wochokera ku Medical University ku Wrocław. Adipocytes amatha kudziunjikira mafuta ochulukirapo monga triglycerides. Chifukwa chake awa ndi malo athu osungira mafuta omwe thupi limagwiritsa ntchito likafuna mphamvu zowonjezera chifukwa chochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena tikakhala ndi nthawi yayitali pakati pa chakudya.

Tikakhala akuluakulu, timakhala ndi maselo enaake osasintha. Pali mamiliyoni ambiri a iwo. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, pamene maselo amafuta afika pamlingo wovuta wa pafupifupi 0,8 micograms, njira yokonzekera ya imfa ya selo imayamba ndipo ina imapangidwa m'malo mwake. - Zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zilizonse, mpaka 50 peresenti ya maselo amafuta amasinthidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti tichepetse thupi. Mafutawa ali m'lingaliro lakuti "osawonongeka" - akutero Prof. Andrzej Milewicz. - Tikataya thupi, maselo amafuta amatsanulidwa, koma mphindi yakufooka ndi yokwanira ndipo adzadzazanso ndi triglycerides.

Minofu ya Adipose imadziunjikira: - pansi pa khungu (otchedwa mafuta ocheperako), komwe imathandizira kuti kutentha kwa thupi likhalebe, - kuzungulira ziwalo zam'mimba (zotchedwa visceral adipose minofu), komwe zimagwira ntchito yodzipatula komanso yosokoneza. , kuteteza ziwalo za mkati kuti zisawonongeke ndi makina.

- Zimaganiziridwa kuti mwa amuna athanzi mafuta amatha kukhala kuchokera ku 8 mpaka 21 peresenti. kulemera kwa thupi, ndipo mwa akazi chizolowezi chimachokera pa 23 mpaka 34 peresenti. - akutero Hanna Stolińska-Fiedorowicz, katswiri wazakudya kuchokera ku Institute of Food and Nutrition. Ngati mkazi alemera makilogilamu ochepera 48 kapena kuchepera 22 peresenti ya minofu ya adipose, akhoza kukhala ndi msambo wosakhazikika, ndipo zikavuta kwambiri akhoza kusiya kusamba. Minofu ya Adipose imapanga mahomoni omwe amakhudza katulutsidwe ka mahomoni ogonana. Pamene thupi likusowa mafuta, kugwira ntchito kwa, mwa zina, ntchito za ovary, testes kapena hypothalamus zimasokonezeka. Mafuta ndi omwe ali ndi calorific kwambiri m'zakudya. Gramu imodzi imapereka ma kilocalories asanu ndi anayi. Thupi likamagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochokera ku maselo amafuta, mafuta acids aulere ndi glycerol amatulutsidwa m'magazi. Komabe, iwo samangosungira mphamvu, komanso zomangira za maselo kapena khungu la epithelium. Amakhalanso chigawo chachikulu cha ma cell membranes. Mafuta acid amafunikira, pakati pa ena kuti apange cholesterol, vitamini D ndi mahomoni ambiri. Ndiwofunikanso pamachitidwe ambiri a metabolic ndi manjenje. Mafuta ndi ofunikiranso pakupanga mapuloteni a ma cell. Mu pathological mikhalidwe (mwachitsanzo mwa anthu ndi m`mimba kunenepa) mafuta akhoza kudziunjikira mu minofu ndi chiwindi. Izi ndizomwe zimachitikanso mumtundu wa 2 shuga.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya minofu yamafuta mwa anthu: minofu yoyera ya adipose (WAT), imawunjikana pansi pakhungu kapena pakati pa ziwalo. Ntchito yake ndikusunga mphamvu. Imatulutsa mapuloteni ambiri ndi mahomoni ogwira ntchito. Ma cell amafuta amtundu woyera mwa akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala m'ntchafu ndi matako. Mwa amuna, minofu ya adipose imadziunjikira makamaka m'mimba. Brunatna- "Dobra" (mtundu wa bulauni adipose - BAT). Zimakulolani kuti mupange kutentha kwakukulu ndikusunga kutentha kosalekeza mkati mwa thupi. Mafutawa amayaka mofulumira kwambiri ndipo amapereka mphamvu zambiri. Chizindikiro choyambitsa BAT ndi kutentha kwakunja pansi pa 20-22 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe akuyenda kudzera mu minofu ya bulauni kumatha kuwonjezeka mpaka nthawi 100. Tili ndi minofu yambiri ya bulauni ya adipose titangobadwa. Ili pakati pa mapewa, m'mphepete mwa msana, kuzungulira khosi ndi kuzungulira impso. Kuchuluka kwa minofu ya bulauni ya adipose kumachepa ndi zaka komanso kukula kwa thupi (onenepa amakhala ndi zochepa). Ndizomvetsa chisoni, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti minofu iyi mwa akulu imatha kupewa kunenepa kwambiri komanso kukana insulini. Minofu ya Brown adipose imakhala ndi mitsempha yambiri komanso yosakhazikika. Ndilo bulauni mumtundu chifukwa cha kudzikundikira kwa mitochondria yambiri mmenemo. Akuluakulu bulauni mafuta alipo mu kuchuluka, makamaka kuzungulira khosi ndi pakati pa mapewa masamba, komanso pa msana, mu mediastinum (pafupi ndi msempha) ndi kuzungulira mtima (pa nsonga ya mtima). Beige - imatengedwa ngati mawonekedwe apakati pakati pa maselo oyera ndi ofiirira. Pinki - imapezeka mwa amayi apakati komanso panthawi yoyamwitsa. Ntchito yake ndi kutenga nawo mbali pakupanga mkaka.

Thupi limasunga mphamvu makamaka m'maselo amafuta (pafupifupi 84%) ndi minofu ndi chiwindi mu mawonekedwe a glycogen (pafupifupi 1%). Zomalizazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakatha maola angapo osasala kudya pakati pa chakudya, ndichifukwa chake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti mulingo wa glucose m'magazi ukhale wabwino. Ngati tidya shuga wambiri, kuchuluka kwake kumasinthidwa kukhala mafuta opangira mafuta chifukwa cha insulin. Mafuta opangidwa kuchokera ku glucose m'chiwindi amasamutsidwa kudzera m'magazi kupita ku maselo amafuta, komwe amasungidwa. Komanso, mafuta owonjezera amafuta amatsogolera kusungidwa kwawo ngati triglycerides mu minofu ya adipose. Mwachidule, mafuta amayamba kuwunjikana tikamadya ma calories ambiri kuposa momwe thupi lathu lingagwiritsire ntchito. Kuchuluka kwawo kumasungidwa mu minofu ya adipose. Aliyense wa ife amafunikira ma calories osiyana patsiku. Zimadziwika kuti kagayidwe kazakudya mwa anthu athanzi komanso odyetsedwa bwino ndi 45 mpaka 75 peresenti. ndalama zonse zamagetsi. Izi ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe thupi "limawotcha" chifukwa cha chimbudzi, kupuma, ntchito ya mtima, kusunga kutentha koyenera, ndi zina zotero. Zina zonse zoyaka moto zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku: ntchito, kuyenda, etc. Ok. 15 peresenti Damu la ma calorie lili ndi mapuloteni omwe minofu ndi minyewa ina imapangidwa. Komabe, thupi limateteza mapuloteni ndi ma amino acid kuti asagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mphamvu. Amawagwiritsa ntchito akakhala kuti alibe gwero lina la mphamvu, mwachitsanzo pa nthawi yosala kudya kwambiri. Ndiye "thupi limadzidya lokha", nthawi zambiri limayamba ndi minofu.

Pakuwonda kwakukulu, kusala kudya kwanthawi yayitali, kapena chifukwa chosowa kwambiri ma calories muzakudya, zomwe zimatsagana ndi kuyesetsa kwakukulu - ndiye kuti mafuta osungidwa m'maselo amafuta amatulutsidwa m'magazi. Chizindikiro chowatulutsa (munjira yotchedwa lipolysis) ndi kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi.

Minofu yoyera ya adipose imapanga mahomoni ambiri. Amaphatikizapo, pakati pa mahomoni ena omwe amakhudza katulutsidwe ka insulini ndi zochita, monga adipokines, apelin, ndi visfatin. Njala ndi chinthu chomwe chimalepheretsa katulutsidwe ka apelin, ndipo kuchuluka kwa apelin kumawonjezeka, monganso kuchuluka kwa insulini, mutatha kudya. Amapanganso lectin yomwe imadutsa chotchinga chamagazi-muubongo ndikukafika m'katikati mwa mitsempha. Amatchedwa hormone ya satiety. Kutulutsa kwa leptin kumakhala kwakukulu pakati pa 22 pm ndi 3 am, zomwe nthawi zina zimafotokozedwa ngati zotsatira za kusiya kudya mukagona.

Mu minofu ya adipose muli ma cytokines, mapuloteni omwe amadziwika ndi kutupa. Zizindikiro za kutupa mkati mwake zimachokera ku maselo ogwirizanitsa ndi ma macrophages ("asilikali" omwe ayenera kuyeretsa mabakiteriya, mavairasi, mafuta a kolesterolini owonjezera kapena zidutswa za maselo owonongeka), omwe amaimiridwa ambiri kumeneko. Amakhulupirira kuti kutupa kwa ma cytokines ndi mahomoni adipose minofu omwe amasintha zotsatira za insulin amatenga gawo lofunikira pakukula kwa zovuta zam'mitsempha panthawi ya metabolic syndrome komanso mtundu wa 2 shuga.

Kafukufuku wasayansi akuwonetsa kuti cannabinoids amapangidwanso ndi minofu ya adipose, yomwe imatha kufotokoza chifukwa chake anthu omwe ali onenepa kwambiri, motero amakhala ochulukirapo, nthawi zambiri amakhala okondwa kwambiri mwachilengedwe kuposa ena. Kumbukirani kuti cannabinoids ndizomwe zimachitika mwachilengedwe, kuphatikiza mu cannabis. Nthawi zambiri, amabweretsa munthu kukhala wosangalala pang'ono. Koma anthu ochepa amadziwa kuti zinthu zimenezi zimapangidwanso ndi thupi la munthu.