Malingaliro otengeka, mantha opanda nzeru, miyambo yachilendo - pamlingo wina, izi ndi khalidwe la ambiri a ife. Kodi mungamvetse bwanji ngati izi sizikupitirira malire a khalidwe labwino ndipo ndi nthawi yoti mupeze thandizo kwa katswiri?
Kukhala ndi vuto la obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) sikophweka. Ndi matendawa, maganizo osokonezeka amawuka, omwe amachititsa nkhawa kwambiri. Kuti athetse nkhawa, munthu wodwala OCD nthawi zambiri amakakamizika kuchita miyambo ina.
Pagulu la matenda amisala, OCD imatchulidwa ngati vuto la nkhawa, ndipo nkhawa imadziwika pafupifupi aliyense. Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti munthu wathanzi aliyense amamvetsetsa zomwe wodwala OCD amakumana nazo. Kupweteka kwa mutu kumadziwikanso kwa aliyense, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti tonse timadziwa zomwe odwala mutu waching'alang'ala amamva.
Zizindikiro za OCD zimatha kusokoneza luso la munthu kugwira ntchito, kukhala ndi moyo, komanso kugwirizana ndi ena.
“Ubongo unapangidwa m’njira yoti nthaŵi zonse umatichenjeza za ngozi zimene zingawononge moyo. Koma mwa odwala OCD, dongosolo laubongoli siligwira ntchito bwino. Chifukwa chake, kaŵirikaŵiri amathedwa nzeru ndi “tsunami” yeniyeni ya zokumana nazo zosakondweretsa ndipo samakhoza kulingalira pa china chirichonse,” akutero katswiri wa zamaganizo Stephen Philipson, mkulu wa zachipatala wa Center for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ku New York.
OCD sichimalumikizidwa ndi mantha ena aliwonse. Zovuta zina ndizodziwika bwino - mwachitsanzo, odwala amatha kusamba m'manja nthawi zonse kapena kuyang'ana ngati chitofu chayatsidwa. Koma OCD imatha kuwonetsanso ngati kukwera, hypochondria, kapena kuopa kuvulaza wina. Mtundu wodziwika bwino wa OCD, momwe odwala amazunzika ndi mantha okhudza zomwe amakonda.
Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi matenda ena aliwonse amisala, dokotala yekha ndi amene angazindikire. Koma pali zizindikiro zochepa zomwe akatswiri amati zingasonyeze kukhalapo kwa OCD.
1. Akuchita malonda ndi iwo eni.
Odwala OCD nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti akayang'ananso chitofu kapena kufufuza pa intaneti kuti adziwe zizindikiro za matenda omwe amati akudwala, pamapeto pake adzatha kukhazikika. Koma OCD nthawi zambiri imakhala yachinyengo.
"Kugwirizana kwa biochemical kumachitika muubongo ndi chinthu chowopsa. Kubwerezabwereza kwa miyambo yokakamiza kumatsimikiziranso ubongo kuti ngoziyo ndi yeniyeni, ndipo potero kuzungulira koyipa kumatsirizika, "akufotokoza Stephen Philipson.
2. Amaona kuti akufunika kuchita miyambo inayake.
Kodi mungavomereze kusiya kuchita miyambo yanthaŵi zonse (mwachitsanzo, kusayang’ana ka 20 patsiku ngati khomo lakumaso lili lokhoma) ngati munalipidwa ma ruble zikwi khumi kapena ndalama zina zimene ziri zofunika kwambiri kwa inu? Ngati nkhawa yanu imaperekedwa mosavuta, ndiye kuti mumangoopa achifwamba kuposa masiku onse, koma mulibe OCD.
Kwa munthu amene akudwala matendawa, kuchita miyambo kumaoneka ngati nkhani ya moyo ndi imfa, ndipo kupulumuka sikungakhale kwamtengo wapatali ndi ndalama.
3. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuwatsimikizira kuti mantha awo alibe maziko.
Odwala OCD amadziŵa bwino mawu akuti “Inde, koma…” (“Inde, mayeso atatu omalizira anasonyeza kuti ndilibe matendaŵa kapena awo, koma ndingadziŵe bwanji kuti zitsanzozo sizinasakanizidwe m’labotale?” ) Chifukwa chakuti n’zosatheka kukhala m’chinthu chotsimikizika kotheratu, palibe zikhulupiriro zimene zimathandiza wodwala kuthetsa maganizo ameneŵa, ndipo amapitirizabe kuzunzika ndi nkhaŵa.
4. Nthawi zambiri amakumbukira pamene zizindikiro zinayamba.
"Sikuti aliyense amene ali ndi OCD angadziwe nthawi yomwe matendawa adayamba, koma ambiri amakumbukira," akutero Philipson. Poyamba, pamakhala nkhawa yosadziwika bwino, yomwe imachitika mu mantha enieni - mwachitsanzo, kuti, pokonzekera chakudya chamadzulo, mwadzidzidzi mudzabaya munthu ndi mpeni. Kwa anthu ambiri, zochitika izi zimadutsa popanda zotsatirapo. Koma odwala OCD akuwoneka kuti akugwera muphompho.
Ngati wodwala akuwopa kuipitsidwa, chochita choyamba kwa iye chidzakhala kukhudza chikhomo cha chitseko osati kusamba m'manja pambuyo pake.
"Panthawi ngati imeneyi, mantha amapanga mgwirizano ndi lingaliro lina. Ndipo sikophweka kuthetsa, monga banja lililonse losasangalala, ”akutero Philipson.
5. Amadetsedwa ndi nkhawa.
Pafupifupi mantha onse omwe amavutitsa odwala OCD ali ndi maziko enieni. Moto umachitika, ndipo manja amakhaladi odzaza ndi mabakiteriya. Zonse ndi za kukula kwa mantha.
Ngati mutha kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino ngakhale mukukayikira kosalekeza komwe kumakhudzana ndi zinthu zoopsazi, mwina mulibe OCD (kapena vuto lochepa kwambiri). Mavuto amayamba pamene nkhawa ikutha, kukulepheretsani kugwira ntchito bwino.
Mwamwayi, OCD ikhoza kusinthidwa. Mankhwala amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamankhwala, kuphatikiza mitundu ina ya antidepressants, koma psychotherapy, makamaka cognitive Behavioral therapy (CBT), imagwira ntchito mofananamo.
Mkati mwa CBT, pali chithandizo chamankhwala cha OCD chotchedwa reaction-avoidance exposure. Panthawi ya chithandizo, wodwalayo, moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala, amaikidwa makamaka m'mikhalidwe yomwe imayambitsa mantha owonjezereka, pamene sayenera kugonjera ku chikhumbo chofuna kuchita mwambo wokhazikika.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati wodwala akuwopa kuipitsa ndipo nthawi zonse amasamba m’manja, chochita choyamba kwa iye chidzakhala kukhudza chikhomo cha chitseko ndipo osasamba m’manja pambuyo pake. Muzochita zotsatirazi, chiopsezo chowoneka chikukulitsidwa - mwachitsanzo, mudzafunika kukhudza ndodo pa basi, ndiye bomba mu chimbudzi cha anthu, ndi zina zotero. Zotsatira zake, mantha amayamba kuchepa pang’onopang’ono.