Zamkatimu
Anzanga! Lero tikubweretsa ku chisamaliro chanu cha zakudya zopatsa thanzi za anzeru achiyuda. Malamulo awa a "zakudya zopatsa thanzi" adalembedwa kalekale Khristu asanabadwe, koma chowonadi ndi kulingalira kwawo ndizovuta kutsutsa ngakhale sayansi yamakono.
M’buku lachipembedzo, lomwe lili mu Torah, muli mawu awa:
“Ichi ndi chiphunzitso cha ng’ombe, ndi mbalame, ndi zamoyo zonse zokwawa m’madzi, ndi zamoyo zonse zakukwawa pansi. kusiyanitsa chodetsedwa ndi choyera, pakati pa nyama yodyedwa ndi nyama yosadyedwa” ( 11:46, 47 )
Mawu amenewa akufotokoza mwachidule malamulo a mitundu ya nyama zimene Ayuda ankayenera kudya komanso zimene sangadye.
Mwa nyama zomwe zimakhala pamtunda, malinga ndi Torah, ndi zinyama zokha zokhala ndi ziboda zapakati zomwe zimaloledwa kudya. Onetsetsani kuti mukutsatira zikhalidwe zonse ziwiri!
Nyama yomwe ili ndi ziboda zogawanika koma yosakhala ya kosher (osati yolusa) ndi nkhumba.
Nyama zomwe zimaloledwa kudya zalembedwa m'buku "Dvarim". Malinga ndi Torah, pali mitundu khumi yokha ya nyama zotere: mitundu itatu ya nyama zoweta - mbuzi, nkhosa, ng'ombe, ndi mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya zakuthengo - mbawala, gwape, ndi zina.
Chifukwa chake, molingana ndi Torah, ndi zitsamba zokha zomwe zimaloledwa kudyedwa, ndipo zilombo zilizonse (nyalugwe, chimbalangondo, nkhandwe, etc.) ndizoletsedwa!
Mu Talmud (Chulin, 59a) pali mwambo wapakamwa, womwe umati: ngati mutapeza nyama yosadziwika mpaka pano yokhala ndi ziboda zogawanika ndipo simungadziwe ngati ndi yoweta kapena ayi, mukhoza kuidya motetezeka pokhapokha ngati siili yake. kwa banja la nkhumba. Mlengi wa dziko lapansi amadziwa kuchuluka kwa zamoyo zomwe adalenga komanso ndi mitundu iti. M’chipululu cha Sinai, Iye anasonyeza, kudzera mwa Mose, kuti pali nyama imodzi yokha yopanda ziboda zogawanika, nkhumba. Simungadye! Ndikufuna kudziwa kuti mpaka pano palibe nyama zotere zomwe zapezeka m'chilengedwe.
Choonadi pasadakhale. Zatsimikiziridwa ndi asayansi!
Mose, monga amadziwika, sanasaka nyama (Sifra, 11: 4) ndipo sanathe kudziwa mitundu yonse ya nyama zapadziko lapansi. Koma Torah inaperekedwa m’chipululu cha Sinai, ku Middle East, zaka zoposa zikwi zitatu zapitazo. Nyama za ku Asia, Europe, America ndi Australia zinali zisanadziwike mokwanira kwa anthu. Kodi Talmud ndi yosiyana kwambiri? Bwanji ngati nyama yoteroyo itapezeka?
M'zaka za zana la XNUMX, wofufuza wotchuka komanso woyendayenda Koch, motsatira malangizo a boma la Britain (maboma ndi asayansi ochokera kumayiko ambiri anali ndi chidwi ndi zomwe Torah, yomwe ingatsimikizidwe), adachita kafukufuku wokhudza kukhalapo kwa osachepera. mtundu umodzi wa nyama pa Dziko Lapansi ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za kosher, ngati kalulu kapena ngamila yomwe imabzikula, kapena ngati nkhumba yokhala ndi ziboda zogawanika. Koma wofufuzayo sakanatha kuwonjezera mndandanda woperekedwa mu Torah. Nyama zoterezi sanazipeze. Koma Mose sanathenso kuona dziko lonse lapansi! Monga momwe amakondera kumagwira mawu bukhu la “Sifra”: “Alole amene amanena kuti Torah si yochokera kwa Mulungu aganizire za ichi.
Chitsanzo china chosangalatsa. Wasayansi wina wa ku Middle East, Dr. Menahem Dor, ataphunzira za mawu a anzeru akuti “padziko lapansi, nyama iliyonse yokhala ndi nyanga zanthambi imakhala yoweta ndipo ili ndi ziboda zogawanika,” anasonyeza kukayikira: n’kovuta kukhulupirira kuti kulipo. kugwirizana pakati pa nyanga, kutafuna chingamu ndi ziboda . Ndipo, pokhala wasayansi weniweni, adayang'ana mndandanda wa zinyama zonse zodziwika bwino za nyanga ndikuonetsetsa kuti nyama zonse zolusa zomwe zili ndi nyanga za nthambi zimakhala ndi ziboda zogawanika (M. Dor, No. 14 ya magazini ya Ladaat, p. 7).
Mwa zamoyo zonse zomwe zimakhala m'madzi, malinga ndi Torah, mutha kudya nsomba zomwe zili ndi mamba ndi zipsepse. Kuwonjeza kuti: Nsomba zoweta nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi zipsepse. Kotero ngati pali mamba pa nsomba kutsogolo kwanu, ndipo zipsepsezo sizikuwoneka, ndiye kuti mukhoza kuphika ndi kudya nsombazo. Ndikuganiza kuti ndi ndemanga yanzeru kwambiri! Zimadziwika kuti si nsomba zonse zomwe zili ndi mamba. Ndipo momwe kukhalapo kwa mamba kumayenderana ndi zipsepse, asayansi samamvetsetsabe.
Zimanenedwa mu Tora ndi za mbalame - m'mabuku "Vayikra" (Shmini, 11: 13-19) ndi "Dvarim" (Re, 14: 12-18) mitundu yoletsedwa yatchulidwa, idakhala yochepa kuposa kuloledwa. Pazonse, mitundu makumi awiri ndi inayi yoletsedwa ndi mbalame zodya nyama: kadzidzi, mphungu, ndi zina zotero. Goose, bakha, nkhuku, turkey ndi njiwa zimaloledwa mwachizolowezi "kosher".
Ndi zoletsedwa kudya tizilombo, nyama zazing'ono ndi zokwawa (kamba, mbewa, hedgehog, nyerere, etc.).
Momwe ntchito
M'nyuzipepala ina ya ku Israel ya Chirasha, nkhani inasindikizidwa - "Chinsinsi cha Ayuda cha matenda a mtima." Nkhaniyo inayamba ndi mawu oyamba: “… katswiri wodziwika bwino wa matenda a mtima wa ku Russia VS Nikitsky amakhulupirira kuti ndiko kutsatira mosamalitsa kashrut (malamulo apamwambo amene amatsimikizira kugwirizana kwa chinthu ndi zofunika za Chilamulo cha Ayuda. za malamulo achipembedzo okhudzana ndi chakudya) zomwe zingachepetse kuchuluka kwa matenda a mtima ndikuwonjezera kupulumuka pambuyo pake. Ali ku Israel, katswiri wina wa matenda a mtima anati: “Nditauzidwa za kashrut, ndinamvetsa chifukwa chake m’dera lanu matenda a mtima ndi ocheperapo poyerekeza ndi ku Russia, France, States, ndi mayiko ena padziko lapansi. Koma vuto la mtima ndilomwe limayambitsa imfa kwa amuna azaka zapakati pa 40 mpaka 60 ...
Mkati mwa mitsempha ya magazi, magazi amanyamula mafuta ndi zinthu za calcareous, zomwe pamapeto pake zimakhazikika pamakoma.
Muunyamata, maselo amitsempha amasinthidwa nthawi zonse, koma ndi zaka zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti achotse mafuta ochulukirapo ndipo njira ya "kutsekeka" kwa mitsempha imayamba. Ziwalo zitatu zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi izi - mtima, ubongo ndi chiwindi ...
…cholesterol ndi gawo la nembanemba ya cell, motero, ndiyofunikira mthupi. Funso lokha ndiloti, ndi zochuluka bwanji? Zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti zakudya zachiyuda zimangokulolani kuti mukhalebe bwino ... Chochititsa chidwi, ndi nkhumba ndi sturgeon, zomwe ndizoletsedwa ngati zopanda kosher, zomwe kwenikweni ndi "zosungirako cholesterol". Zimadziwikanso kuti kusakaniza nyama ndi mkaka kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa cholesterol m'magazi - mwachitsanzo, kudya chidutswa cha mkate ndi soseji ndipo pambuyo pa maola angapo chidutswa cha mkate ndi batala chimakhala chathanzi nthawi miliyoni kuposa kufalitsa mkate ndi zofanana. kuchuluka kwa batala ndikuyika momwemo. chidutswa cha soseji, monga Asilavo amakonda kuchita. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri timawotcha nyama mu batala ... Mfundo yakuti kashrut imangopereka nyama yowotcha pamoto, mu grill kapena mafuta a masamba ndi njira yabwino yopewera matenda a mtima, komanso, imatsutsana kwambiri ndi anthu omwe ali ndi mtima. kudya nyama yokazinga ndikusakaniza nyama ndi mkaka. ”…
Malamulo ophera nyama pofuna chakudya
Shechita - njira yophera nyama, yomwe ikufotokozedwa mu Torah, yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zoposa zikwi zitatu. Kuyambira kalekale, ntchito imeneyi yaikizidwa kwa munthu wophunzira kwambiri, woopa Mulungu.
Mpeni wopangira shechita umayang'aniridwa mosamalitsa, uyenera kukongoletsedwa kuti pasakhalenso kachingwe kakang'ono pa tsamba, ndipo uyenera kukhala kawiri kutalika kwa khosi la nyama. Ntchito ndikudula nthawi yomweyo kuposa theka la khosi. Izi zimadula mitsempha ya magazi ndi mitsempha yopita ku ubongo. Nyamayo nthawi yomweyo imakomoka popanda kumva kuwawa.
Petersburg mu 1893, ntchito ya sayansi "Anatomical ndi physiological maziko a njira zosiyanasiyana zophera ziweto" inafalitsidwa ndi Doctor of Medicine I. Dembo, yemwe adapereka zaka zitatu kuti aphunzire njira zonse zodziwika zopha ziweto. Anawalingalira m’mbali ziŵiri: kuwawa kwawo nyamayo ndi utali wa nyamayo ikatha kudulidwa.
Pofufuza momwe msana wawonongeka, ndi njira zina, wolembayo akufika pamapeto kuti zonsezi ndi zowawa kwambiri kwa zinyama. Koma atapenda tsatanetsatane wa malamulo a shechita, Dr. Dembo anatsimikiza kuti pa njira zonse zodziŵika zophera ziweto, yachiyuda ndiyo yabwino koposa. Zimakhala zopweteka kwambiri kwa nyama komanso zothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu, chifukwa. shechita amachotsa magazi ambiri pa nyama, zomwe zimathandiza kuteteza nyama kuti isawonongeke.
Pamsonkhano wa bungwe la zachipatala la St. Petersburg mu 1892, onse amene analipo anagwirizana ndi zimene Dr. ananena ndipo anaombera m’manja lipotilo.
Koma izi ndi zomwe zimandipangitsa kuganiza - Ayuda ankatsatira malamulo a shechita, osatengera kafukufuku wa sayansi, chifukwa zaka zikwi zitatu zapitazo sakanatha kudziwa mfundo za sayansi zomwe zimadziwika lero. Ayuda analandira malamulowa atakonzedwa kale. Kuchokera kwa ndani? Kuchokera kwa Yemwe akudziwa chilichonse.
Mbali Yauzimu Pakudya Chakudya cha Kosher
Ayuda, ndithudi, amasunga malamulo a Torah osatinso pazifukwa zomveka, koma chifukwa chachipembedzo. Torah imafuna kutsata kwathunthu malamulo onse a kashrut. Gome lopatulika limaimira guwa la nsembe (loperekedwa, monga momwe Talmud imanenera, kuti m'nyumba muno adziwe kugawana chakudya ndi osowa).
( 11:42-44 ) “… musamazidya, pakuti nzonyansa; Musadetse miyoyo yanu ndi zokwawa zamitundumitundu… Pakuti Ine ndine Yehova Mulungu wanu;
Mwinamwake, Mlengi wa munthu ndi chilengedwe, atalamula anthu ake kuti: “Khalani oyera,” analetsa Ayuda kudya magazi, mafuta anyama ndi mitundu ina ya nyama, popeza kuti chakudyachi chimachepetsa chiwopsezo cha munthu ku mbali yowala ya moyo ndi kuwachotsa m’thupi. izo.
Pali kugwirizana pakati pa zomwe timadya ndi zomwe ife tiri, khalidwe lathu ndi psyche. Mwachitsanzo, asayansi apeza zomwe ogwira ntchito kundende zozunzirako anthu ku Germany amadya, makamaka pudding wakuda wa nkhumba.
Timadziwa kuti mowa umaledzeretsa munthu msanga. Ndipo pali zinthu zomwe zochita zake sizichedwa, osati zoonekeratu, koma zowopsa. Wothirira ndemanga wa Torah Rambam akulemba kuti chakudya chosaphika chimawononga moyo, mzimu wa munthu ndikupangitsa mtima kukhala wolimba komanso wankhanza.
Anzeru achiyuda amakhulupirira kuti kusunga kashrut sikungolimbitsa thupi ndikukweza moyo, koma ndikofunikira kuti munthu asungidwe payekha komanso umunthu wachiyuda.
Apa, abwenzi okondedwa, ndi lingaliro la anzeru achiyuda pa kudya kopatsa thanzi. Koma Ayuda ndithudi sangatchedwe opusa! 😉
Khalani athanzi! Chitsime: http://toldot.ru