Kudodometsa kwa achibale okalamba kungakhale chizindikiro cha ukalamba, kapena kungayambitse zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda. Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati vutolo ndi lalikulu? Yosimbidwa ndi katswiri wa zamitsempha Andrew Budson.
Ndi makolo, agogo, ambiri a ife, ngakhale tikukhala mumzinda womwewo, timawonana makamaka patchuthi. Titakumana titapatukana kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi zina timadabwitsidwa kuwona momwe nthawi ilili yosasinthika. Ndipo pamodzi ndi zizindikiro zina za ukalamba wa achibale, tingazindikire kulibe maganizo awo.
Kodi ndizochitika zokhudzana ndi zaka kapena chizindikiro cha matenda a Alzheimer's? Kapena mwina vuto lina la kukumbukira? Nthawi zina timayang'ana ndi nkhawa kuiwala kwawo ndikuganiza: ndi nthawi yoti muwone dokotala?
Pulofesa wa sayansi ya ubongo ku yunivesite ya Boston komanso mphunzitsi wa Harvard Medical School Andrew Budson akufotokoza njira zovuta mu ubongo m'njira yofikirika komanso yomveka. Iye anakonza «kunyengeza pepala» anthu amene nkhawa kukumbukira kusintha okalamba achibale.
Ukalamba wamba waubongo
Memory, monga momwe Dr. Budson akufotokozera, ili ngati kalembera. Kalalikiyo amabweretsa zinthu zochokera kunja, n’kuzisunga m’kabati yosungiramo mafayilo, ndiyeno n’kukatenga zikafunika. Nkhokwe zathu zakutsogolo zimagwira ntchito ngati kalaliki, ndipo hippocampus imagwira ntchito ngati kabati yosungira.
Muukalamba, nsonga zakutsogolo sizigwiranso ntchito monga momwe zimakhalira paunyamata. Ngakhale kuti palibe asayansi amene amatsutsa mfundo imeneyi, pali mfundo zosiyanasiyana zimene zimachititsa zimenezi. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa tikwapu ting'onoting'ono muzinthu zoyera ndi njira zopita ndi kuchokera kumakona akutsogolo. Kapena chowonadi ndi chakuti ndi ukalamba pali kuwonongeka kwa ma neurons mu frontal cortex yokha. Kapena mwina ndi kusintha kwachilengedwe kwa thupi.
Kaya chifukwa, pamene kutsogolo lobes akale, ndi «kalaliki» amachita zochepa ntchito kuposa pamene anali wamng'ono.
Kodi ukalamba wamba umasintha bwanji?
- Kuti munthu akumbukire zambiri, ayenera kubwereza.
- Zingatengere nthawi kuti mudziwe zambiri.
- Mungafunike chidziwitso kuti mutenge zambiri.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mu ukalamba wabwinobwino, ngati chidziwitsocho chalandilidwa kale ndikusinthidwa, chingathe kubwezeredwa - ndichifukwa choti zitha kutenga nthawi ndikukulimbikitsani.
Alamu
Mu matenda a Alzheimer's ndi zovuta zina, hippocampus, nduna yamafayilo, imawonongeka ndipo pamapeto pake idzawonongedwa. “Tayerekezani kuti mwatsegula kabati yokhala ndi zikalata n’kupeza bowo lalikulu pansi pake,” akufotokoza motero Dr. Budson. “Tsopano lingalirani ntchito ya kalaliki wodabwitsa, wogwira ntchito bwino yemwe amachotsa zidziwitso kuchokera kunja ndikuziyika m'bokosi ili ...
Pankhaniyi, chidziwitsocho sichingatulutsidwe ngakhale chikabwerezedwanso panthawi ya phunzirolo, ngakhale patakhala zifukwa komanso nthawi yokwanira yokumbukira. Izi zikachitika, timati kuiwalako msanga.”
Kuyiwala kofulumira nthawi zonse kumakhala kwachilendo, akutero. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chakuti chinachake chalakwika ndi kukumbukira. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti izi sizikuwonetsa matenda a Alzheimer's. Zomwe zimayambitsa zingakhale zambiri, kuphatikizapo zosavuta monga zotsatira za mankhwala, kusowa kwa vitamini, kapena matenda a chithokomiro. Koma mulimonse mmene zingakhalire, m’pofunika kusamala.
Kuyiwala kofulumira kumayendera limodzi ndi mawonetseredwe angapo. Choncho, wodwala
- Amabwereza mafunso ndi nkhani zake.
- Iwalani za misonkhano yofunika.
- Imasiya zinthu zomwe zingakhale zoopsa kapena zamtengo wapatali zisanachitike.
- Amataya zinthu pafupipafupi.
Pali zizindikiro zina zomwe ziyenera kusamala chifukwa zingasonyeze vuto:
- Panali zovuta pakukonzekera ndi kukonza.
- Zovuta zidayamba ndi kusankha mawu osavuta.
- Munthu akhoza kusochera ngakhale panjira zodziwika bwino.
Zochitika zenizeni
Kuti amveketse bwino, Dr. Budson akupereka zitsanzo za mikhalidwe imene achibale athu okalamba angakhalemo.
Amayi anapita kukagula, koma anaiwala chifukwa chimene anatulukira. Sanagule kalikonse ndipo anabwerera osakumbukira chifukwa chimene anapitira. Izi zitha kukhala chiwonetsero chokhudzana ndi zaka - ngati mayi adasokonekera, adakumana ndi bwenzi, adalankhula ndikuyiwala zomwe adafunikira kugula. Koma ngati sanakumbukire chifukwa chake adachoka, ndikubwerera osagula, ichi ndi chifukwa chodetsa nkhawa.
Agogo afunika kubwereza malangizowo katatu kuti awakumbukire. Kubwereza-bwereza kwa chidziwitso n'kothandiza kukumbukira pa msinkhu uliwonse. Komabe, mutaphunzira, kuiwala msanga ndi chizindikiro chochenjeza.
Amalume sangakumbukire dzina la cafe mpaka titawakumbutsa. Kuvuta kukumbukira mayina ndi malo a anthu kumatha kukhala kwachilendo ndipo kumakhala kofala kwambiri tikamakalamba. Komabe, atamva dzina kwa ife, munthu ayenera kulizindikira.
Agogo amafunsa funso lomweli kangapo pa ola. Kubwereza uku ndikodzutsa. Poyamba, azakhali anga ankatha kusunga zinthu zawo, koma tsopano m’maŵa uliwonse kwa mphindi 20 akuyang’ana chinthu china. Kuwonjezeka kwa chodabwitsa ichi kungakhale chizindikiro cha kuiwala mofulumira komanso kumayenera kusamala.
Bambo sangathenso kumaliza ntchito zosavuta zokonza nyumba monga momwe ankachitira poyamba. Chifukwa cha zovuta zamaganizidwe ndi kukumbukira, samathanso kuchita zinthu zatsiku ndi tsiku zomwe amazichita modekha pamoyo wake wonse. Izi zingasonyezenso vuto.
Nthawi zina ndi nthawi yopuma pakati pa misonkhano ndi achibale omwe amathandizira kuyang'ana zomwe zikuchitika ndi mawonekedwe atsopano ndikuwunika zomwe zikuchitika. Kupanga matenda ndi ntchito ya madokotala, koma anthu apamtima ndi achikondi amatha kumvetserana wina ndi mzake ndikuzindikira pamene munthu wachikulire akusowa thandizo ndipo ndi nthawi yoti apite kwa katswiri.
Za wolemba: Andrew Budson ndi Pulofesa wa Neurology ku Boston University komanso mlangizi ku Harvard Medical School.