Zaka zingapo zapitazo, wowonetsa TV Andrei Maksimov adasindikiza mabuku ake oyamba a psychophilosophy, omwe adakhalapo kwa zaka khumi. Iyi ndi dongosolo la malingaliro ndi machitidwe omwe apangidwa kuti athandize munthu pazovuta zamaganizo. Tidalankhula ndi wolemba za zomwe njira iyi idachokera komanso chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kukhala ndi moyo malinga ndi zilakolako zanu.
Psychology: Kodi psychophilosophy ndi chiyani? Kodi zakhazikika pa chiyani?
Andrey Maksimov: Psychophilosophy ndi dongosolo la malingaliro, mfundo ndi machitidwe, omwe amapangidwa kuti athandize munthu kumanga ubale wabwino ndi dziko lapansi komanso iye mwini. Mosiyana ndi machitidwe ambiri amaganizo, amaperekedwa osati kwa akatswiri, koma kwa anthu onse. Ndiko kuti, pamene bwenzi, mwana, mnzathu amabwera kwa aliyense wa ife ndi mavuto ake a maganizo, psychophilosophy ingathandize.
Zimatchedwa choncho chifukwa aliyense wa ife alibe psyche yokha, komanso filosofi - ndiko kuti, momwe timaonera matanthauzo osiyanasiyana. Aliyense ali ndi filosofi yake: kwa munthu mmodzi chinthu chachikulu ndi banja, ntchito ina, yachitatu - chikondi, chachinayi - ndalama. Kuthandiza munthu mu mkhalidwe wovuta - Ine anabwereka mawu awa kwambiri Soviet katswiri wa zamaganizo Leonid Grimak - muyenera kumvetsa psyche ndi nzeru zake.
Nchiyani chinakupangitsani kukhala ndi lingaliro limeneli?
AM: Ndinayamba kulenga pamene ndinazindikira kuti 100% ya anthu ndi maganizo alangizi kwa wina ndi mzake. Achibale ndi abwenzi amabwera kwa aliyense wa ife ndikufunsa upangiri akakhala ndi vuto mu maubwenzi ndi abwenzi, ana, makolo kapena abwenzi, ndi iwo eni, pomaliza. Monga lamulo, pazokambirana izi timadalira zomwe takumana nazo, zomwe sizowona.
Zowona ndi zomwe zimatikhudza, ndipo titha kupanga izi, kusankha zomwe zimatikhudza komanso zomwe sizikutikhudza
Sipangakhale zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa Ambuye (kapena Chilengedwe - aliyense amene ali pafupi) ndi mbuye wachidutswa, munthu aliyense payekha. Kuonjezera apo, zochitika zathu nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoipa. Mwachitsanzo, akazi osudzulidwa amakonda kwambiri kupereka malangizo a mmene angapulumutsire banja. Chifukwa chake ndimaganiza kuti tikufunika dongosolo lomwe - pepani chifukwa cha tautology - lithandizire anthu kuthandiza anthu.
Ndipo kuti mupeze yankho la vutoli, muyenera ...
AM: ... kumvera zokhumba zanu, zomwe - ndipo izi ndizofunikira kwambiri - siziyenera kusokonezedwa ndi zofuna zanu. Pamene munthu abwera kwa ine ndi ichi kapena vuto, izo nthawizonse zikutanthauza kuti mwina sadziwa zilakolako zake, kapena sakufuna - sangathe, ndiye sakufuna - kukhala moyo mwa iwo. Psychophilosopher ndi interlocutor yemwe amathandiza munthu kuzindikira zilakolako zake ndikumvetsetsa chifukwa chake adalenga chowonadi chotere chomwe sasangalala. Zowona ndi zomwe zimatikhudza, ndipo titha kupanga izi, kusankha zomwe zimatikhudza komanso zomwe sizikutikhudza.
Kodi mungapereke chitsanzo chenicheni kuchokera muzochita?
AM: Mtsikana wina anabwera kwa ine kudzakambirana naye, yemwe ankagwira ntchito pakampani ya bambo ake ndipo ankakhala bwino kwambiri. Sanali ndi chidwi ndi bizinesi, ankafuna kukhala wojambula. Pokambirana, zinaonekeratu kuti akudziwa bwino kuti ngati sakwaniritsa maloto ake, moyo wake udzakhala pachabe. Anangofunikira chithandizo.
Chinthu choyamba chopita ku moyo watsopano, wochepa kwambiri chinali kugulitsa galimoto yodula komanso kugula chitsanzo cha bajeti. Kenako tinapeka limodzi nkhani yopita kwa bambo anga.
Mavuto ambiri pakati pa makolo ndi ana amayamba chifukwa makolo samawona umunthu mwa mwana wawo.
Anali ndi nkhawa kwambiri, akuwopa kuti adzachita zoipa kwambiri, koma bambo ake adawona kuti akuvutika, akuchita chinthu chosakondedwa, ndipo adamuthandiza kuti akhale wojambula. Pambuyo pake, adakhala wopanga yemwe amafunidwa kwambiri. Inde, ndalama, adataya pang'ono, koma tsopano akukhala momwe akufunira, momwe alili "woyenera" kwa iye.
M’chitsanzo chimenechi, tikukamba za mwana wamkulu ndi kholo lake. Nanga bwanji za mikangano ndi ana aang’ono? Apa psychophilosophy ingathandize?
AM: Mu psychophilosophy pali gawo la "psycho-philosophical pedagogy", lomwe ndasindikiza mabuku ambiri. Mfundo yaikulu: mwanayo ndi munthu. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mavuto ndi kusamvana pakati pa makolo ndi ana kumachitika chifukwa makolo samawona umunthu mwa mwana wawo, samamutenga ngati munthu.
Nthawi zambiri timalankhula za kufunika kokonda mwana. Zikutanthauza chiyani? Kukonda kumatanthauza kukhala wokhoza kudziyika wekha m’malo mwake. Ndipo mukamadzudzula ma deuces, komanso mukayika pakona ...
Funso lomwe nthawi zambiri timafunsa akatswiri a zamaganizo ndi a psychotherapists: kodi ndikofunikira kukonda anthu kuti muzichita?
AM: Malingaliro anga, chofunika kwambiri ndi kusonyeza chidwi chenicheni kwa anthu, mwinamwake musayese kuwathandiza. Simungakonde aliyense, koma mutha kumvera chisoni aliyense. Palibe munthu m'modzi, kuyambira osowa pokhala mpaka mfumukazi ya Chingerezi, yemwe sangakhale ndi cholira usiku, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti anthu onse amafunikira chifundo ...
Psychophilosophy - mpikisano ku psychotherapy?
AM: Ayi ndithu. Choyamba, chifukwa psychotherapy iyenera kuchitidwa ndi akatswiri, ndipo psychophilosophy - ndikubwereza - imaperekedwa kwa anthu onse.
Viktor Frankl adagawa ma neuroses onse m'magulu awiri: azachipatala komanso opezekapo. Katswiri wa zamaganizo amatha kuthandiza munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto la neurosis, ndiye kuti, ndizochitikazo pankhani yopeza tanthauzo la moyo. Munthu amene ali ndi matenda a neurosis ayenera kukaonana ndi katswiri - katswiri wa zamaganizo kapena psychotherapist.
Kodi ndizotheka nthawi zonse kupanga chowonadi chogwirizana mosadalira zochitika zakunja?
AM: Inde, pakalibe mphamvu majeure mikhalidwe, monga njala, nkhondo, kuponderezana, izi n'zosavuta kuchita. Koma ngakhale pazovuta kwambiri, ndizotheka kupanga china, chowonadi chabwino. Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino ndicho Viktor Frankl, amene, m’chenicheni, anasandutsa kutsekeredwa kwake m’ndende mumsasa wachibalo kukhala labotale yamaganizo.