Anhedonia ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimatanthauzidwa ndi kutsika kokhazikika pakutha kukhala ndi chisangalalo, makamaka poyerekeza ndi zochitika zofananira zomwe zidawoneka ngati zosangalatsa m'mbuyomu. Anhedonia ndi chizindikiro chofala cha kupsinjika maganizo komanso matenda ena amisala. Ponseponse, anhedonia imakhalabe chizindikiro chovuta kuchiza, ndipo chithandizo chamankhwala choyambirira sichitha nthawi zonse kuchikonza.

Ndi chiyani ?

Anhedonia ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimatanthauzidwa ndi kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono pakutha kumva chisangalalo, makamaka poyerekeza ndi zochitika zofananira zomwe zidawoneka ngati zosangalatsa m'mbuyomu. Ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo wa ku France Théodule Ribot yemwe adalenga, mu 1896, neologism "anhédonie" kuchokera ku Greek "a", "popanda" ndi "hêdonê", "chisangalalo". Ndi chizindikiro chofala cha kuvutika maganizo komanso matenda ena a maganizo.

Anhedonia ndi chizindikiro chopita patsogolo. Zimatengera lingaliro lachisangalalo, lomwe limaphatikizapo magulu ambiri ndi madigiri osiyanasiyana, omwe angathe kufotokozedwa ndikuwerengedwa. Chifukwa chake, monga lingaliro la chisangalalo, anhedonia imatha kuwonekera m'njira zingapo:

• Physical anhedonia imatanthawuza kuchepa kwa kuthekera kopeza chisangalalo pochita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi monga kudya, kugwirana, ndi kugonana;
• Social anhedonia imatanthawuza kuchepa kwa kuthekera kokhala ndi chisangalalo polumikizana ndi zamoyo zina monga kuyankhula ndi kulumikizana ndi abwenzi ndi abale.

Komabe, lingaliro lachisangalalo ndilovuta ndipo limaphatikizapo, kuwonjezera pa kukhudzidwa kwa zosangalatsa zomwe zakumana nazo, zigawo zosiyana: kulimbikitsana kwabwino, chikhumbo ndi chilimbikitso, luso la kuzindikira kuyembekezera phindu la khalidwe, kukonza malipiro ndi kukumbukira khalidwe. zokumana ndi chisangalalo. Deta yatsopanoyi posachedwapa yachititsa kufotokozedwa kwa magulu awiri atsopano a anhedonia:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito anhedonia kapena kudya anhedonia - kuyamikira zomwe mukuchita;
• Anhedonia yolimbikitsa kapena anhedonia yoyembekezera - kufuna kuchita.

Momwe mungadziwire anhedonia

Zizindikiro zoyamba za anhedonia nthawi zambiri zimakhala:

• The khalidwe mphwayi odwala kuti chikhalidwe kucheza;
• Kupanda kutengeka;
• Kutha kwa chikondi kwa achibale ndi mabwenzi;
• Kutaya kukhutitsidwa ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

Kuti muzindikire anhedonia, njira ziwiri ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa:

• Munthuyo amalengeza kuchepa kwa chisangalalo panthawi yochita zinthu zina, zakuthupi komanso / kapena chikhalidwe;
• Munthuyo adapeza chisangalalo, kapena chisangalalo chochulukirapo kuposa pano, kuchokera kuzinthu izi.

Pamene zizindikiro zina zamaganizo kapena zakuthupi zilipo, anhedonia ikhoza kuganiziridwa ngati chizindikiro cha matenda a chikhalidwe choyambirira, chofanana ndi kuvutika maganizo kapena schizophrenia.

Zowopsa

Zowopsa zomwe zingayambitse anhedonia ndi izi:

• Kusokonezeka;
• Schizophrenia;
• Kudalira mankhwala (omwerekera ndi mankhwala);
• Nkhawa;
• Zochitika zokhudzana ndi kudzipha;
• Kusokonezeka maganizo pambuyo pa zoopsa;
• Matenda a Autism spectrum;
• Matenda a Parkinson;
• Kukwapula;
• Matenda ena aakulu.

Kusintha kwa mphotho ndi maulendo osangalatsa

Kupita patsogolo mu sayansi ya ubongo kwasintha kamvedwe kathu ka njira zolumikizidwa ndi mphotho ndi mabwalo osangalatsa. Pakadali pano, mapangidwe a clinico-biological a anhedonia amagwirizana kwambiri ndi malingaliro owunikira mphotho, kupanga zisankho, kuyembekezera komanso kulimbikitsa. Njira zakuzindikira izi zimathandizidwa ndi ma neural circuits makamaka omwe amakhala pamlingo wa ventral striatum ndi zigawo za prefrontal cortical.

Kusintha kwa dopaminergic system

Pa mulingo waubongo, ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti vutoli limachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa dopaminergic system, njira yomwe dopamine - mankhwala omwe amapezeka muubongo - amatulutsa chisangalalo komanso kukhutira. Atasinthidwa, dongosololi silingathenso kubweretsa chisangalalo, kukhutitsidwa ndikukhala bwino mumikhalidwe monga kupsinjika maganizo, schizophrenia ndi nthawi yosiya kwa omwerekera ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Njira zosiyanasiyana zamanjenje zimakhudzidwa

Mabuku a preclinical amafotokoza mgwirizano pakati pa kudya anhedonia ndi anhedonia yolimbikitsa monga "kulawa" ndi "chilakolako", motsatira. Mabuku a preclinical akuwonetsanso kuti magawo osiyanasiyana osangalatsawa amaphatikiza njira zosiyanasiyana zama neurobiological. Mankhwala a anhedonia, omwe amatanthauza kuchepa kwa "kukoma", mwinamwake kumaphatikizapo kusintha kwa opioid. Anhedonia yolimbikitsa, kumbali ina, yomwe imatanthawuza "kuperewera" kwa chilakolako, mwinamwake kumaphatikizapo kusintha kwa dopamine ntchito. Kafukufuku wamtsogolo ayenera kudziwa momwe chikhalidwe cha anhedonia chimasiyana, kapena ayi, kuchokera ku matenda amodzi kupita ku ena.

Zovuta zokhudza thupi

Kafukufuku wa 2005 adawonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi anhedonia anali ndi njira zoyendetsera magazi muubongo zomwe zimafanana ndi zowongolera poyankha zolimbikitsa, koma zimasiyana ndi zowongolera poyankha zolimbikitsa. Maphunziro oterowo amawonjezera kukula kwa chiphunzitso cha anhedonia, kuchirikiza lingaliro lakuti anhedonia imatanthawuza kuperewera kwapadera kwa kuthekera kokhala ndi chisangalalo ndipo sikumakhudza mphamvu yakumva ululu kapena chisoni. .

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Pankhani ya kutha kwa chilakolako chogonana, anhedonia ikhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi kumwa mankhwala ena ochepetsetsa kapena mankhwala a schizophrenia - antipsychotics - ndi mankhwala ena - monga benzodiazepines ndi zolimbikitsa.

Kutaya maganizo abwino

Anhedonia si nthawi zonse vuto lakuda ndi loyera. Ngakhale kuti wodwalayo angasangalalebe kudya ayisikilimu ya chokoleti kapena kumvetsera jazz, sadzakhalanso ndi chimwemwe chofanana kapena malingaliro abwino omwewo pamene akuchita zinthuzi, osatha kudzifotokozera yekha.

Kudzipatula

Anhedonia imapangitsa maubwenzi, kuphatikizapo omwe ali ndi abwenzi ndi achibale, kukhala ovuta ndipo angayambitse kudzipatula komanso nkhawa. Mphotho yachisangalalo ikatha, zimakhala zovuta kudzilimbikitsa kukhala ndi nthawi yocheza ndi ena. Maubwenzi amayenda bwino pamayankhidwe abwino nawonso, ndipo popanda iwo amatha kufota.

Kutaya kwa libido

Anhedonia ikhoza kuyambitsa kutayika kwa libido ndikusokoneza ubale wachikondi.

kudzipha

Anhedonia amaonedwa kuti ndi chiwopsezo cha kudzipha kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu.

Kuchiza anhedonia, ndithudi, muyenera kuyang'ana chifukwa. Choncho ndikofunikira kudziwa matenda omwe amayambitsa zizindikiro monga kuvutika maganizo, schizophrenia, matenda ena a umunthu, post-traumatic stress syndrome kapena matenda omwe amapezeka pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.

Pazochitika zomwe chithandizo chamankhwala chikuwoneka ngati chomwe chimayambitsa, anhedonia ikhoza kuchiritsidwa mwa kusintha mlingo, kusiya mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena kusintha mtundu wa chithandizo.

Ndi kupsinjika maganizo, anthu omwe ali ndi antidepressants - selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) - angapeze kuti anhedonia imakula bwino ndi zizindikiro zawo zonse za kuvutika maganizo, koma izi sizili choncho nthawi zonse. Nthawi zina mankhwalawa amachepetsa maganizo ndi kukulitsa vutolo.

Asayansi akugwira ntchito yopangira chithandizo chatsopano. Ketamine, mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ogonetsa komanso oletsa kuvutika maganizo ku United States, akuwoneka kuti ndi mankhwala opindulitsa.

Ponseponse, anhedonia imakhalabe chizindikiro chovuta kuchiza, ndipo chithandizo chamankhwala choyambirira sichitha nthawi zonse kuchikonza.

Kafukufuku wina akuyang'ananso chithandizo chozikidwa pa kukonzanso kwa kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso - kusokonezeka kwenikweni - chifukwa cha chilimbikitso cha anhedonia. Thandizoli limaphatikizapo chithandizo chamakhalidwe komanso chidziwitso. Cholinga chake ndi kuthandiza munthuyo kuzindikira njira zomwe zimayambira mavuto ake ndikukhala ndi makhalidwe atsopano kuti athe kutuluka pang'onopang'ono kuvutika kwake m'maganizo.

Pomaliza, malangizo ena angathandize kuchepetsa chizindikiro cha anhedonia:

• Yendani m'chilengedwe, m'malo aubwana odzaza ndi zikumbukiro zosangalatsa;
• Lemekezani kugona kwanu, ndi usiku osachepera maola 8,
• Khalani ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi, makamaka zipatso;
• Yesetsani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse;
• Ndi zina zambiri