Malinga ndi kafukufuku, 90% ya anthu sakhutira ndi mawonekedwe awo. Nthawi yomweyo, zovuta zambiri zowoneka bwino sizipezeka. Izi zimachitika kuti chilakolako chofuna kuchepetsa thupi chimakhala chizolowezi. Matendawa amatchedwa anorexia ndi madokotala. Masiku ano, matenda a anorexia afalikira mokwanira, koma si aliyense amene amadziwa "mwayekha". Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa amachepetsa thupi ndi njira zitatu: kudzera pazakudya zolimba, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso mothandizidwa ndi njira zoyeretsera.
Pafupifupi 95% ya odwala omwe ali ndi anorexia ndi akazi. Kuyambira paunyamata, atsikana amafuna kuyandikira miyezo "yapamwamba". Amadzizunza okha ndi zakudya, kuthamangitsa ochepa thupi. Odwala ambiri ali pakati pa atsikana azaka 12-25 ndipo, monga lamulo, osakhala onenepa kwambiri (calorizer). Koma maofesi omwe adakhazikitsidwa kuyambira paunyamata, komanso zina zomwe zimathandizira kukulitsa matenda a anorexia, amatha kuwonekera pambuyo pake.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a anorexia
Anorexia ndi matenda ovuta kuchiza. Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zizindikilo zake ndizovuta kwambiri. Nthawi zina zimatenga zaka kuti timenye. Ziwerengero zakufa zimachitika: mu 20%, zimatha momvetsa chisoni.
Malinga ndi asayansi, chidwi cha anorexia sichimangokhala matenda amisala okha. Akatswiri ofufuza achi Dutch adaphunzira za DNA ya odwala omwe ali ndi anorexia. Kunapezeka kuti mu thupi la 11% ya odwala ali yemweyo majini prerequisites. Chifukwa chake, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti palibe kukayika kuti pali zinthu zina zobadwa nazo zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matendawa.
Asayansi aku France apeza kuti anorexia, monga kugwiritsa ntchito chisangalalo, imakhudza malo olamulira chilakolako ndi zosangalatsa muubongo wathu. Chifukwa chake, kumva njala kumatha kuyambitsa chizolowezi, chomwe chimafanana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Anorexia imatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kusamvana kwama mahomoni mthupi kapena chifukwa chakuleredwa. Ngati amayi anali otanganidwa ndi kulemera ndi zakudya zawo, ndiye kuti mwana wawo wamkazi atha kukhala ndi zovuta zomwe zingayambitse matenda a anorexia.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matendawa ndizodziwika bwino kwa psyche wodwalayo. Monga lamulo, awa ndi anthu omwe amadziona kuti ndi otsika komanso amafuna kwambiri pazokha. Nthawi zina chifukwa chake chimatha kukhala zovuta. Kupsinjika kwakukulu kumasintha kapangidwe ka mahomoni ndi ma neurotransmitters muubongo, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa kukhumudwa komanso kusowa chakudya.
Mbali matenda
Mobwerezabwereza, madokotala amawona momwe anthu amachitira ndi nsanje ndi anorexics, chifukwa amatha kuonda osamva kufunika kwa chakudya. Tsoka ilo, amangomvera kuwonetseredwa koyamba kwa matendawa - kuchepa kwamaubwino opanda thupi. Safuna kuzindikira kuopsa kwa matendawa. Kupatula apo, odwala amazunzika usana ndi usiku chifukwa cha kupanda ungwiro kwawo, amawopa ndi mantha awo.
Anorexics nthawi zonse amakhala ndi nkhawa komanso kukhumudwa. Amatsala pang'ono kuwononga chidziwitso chawo. Anthu awa amatengeka kwambiri ndikuganiza zama calories owonjezera.
Odwala ambiri, pokhala mdziko lino, amapitilizabe kuwatsimikizira kuti alibe mavuto azaumoyo. Kuyesera kukopa ndikukambirana kumatha. Vuto lonselo likupezeka poti munthu sangakhulupirire aliyense m'boma lino, chifukwa, sanadzikhulupirire yekha. Popanda kuzindikira zenizeni, ndizovuta kuyimilira kuti mudzidziwe nokha.
Zizindikiro zazikulu za anorexia:
- Kufuna kuchepetsa thupi mulimonse momwe zingakhalire;
- Kuopa kupeza bwino;
- Malingaliro owonetsetsa okhudzana ndi chakudya (kusala pang'ono kudya, kuwerengetsa kwa kalori ya manic, kuchepetsa zomwe mukufuna kuchita kuti muchepetse kunenepa);
- Kukana kudya pafupipafupi (mfundo zazikuluzikulu: "Ndadya posachedwa", "Sindimva njala", "Palibe njala");
- Kugwiritsa ntchito miyambo (mwachitsanzo, kutafuna mosamala kwambiri, "kutola" mu mbale, kugwiritsa ntchito mbale zazing'ono);
- Kudzimva kuti ndiwe wolakwa komanso kuda nkhawa ukatha kudya;
- Kupewa tchuthi ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana;
- Chikhumbo choyendetsa nokha mu maphunziro;
- Kukhwimitsa poteteza zomwe mumakhulupirira;
- Kusokonezeka kwa tulo;
- Kuleka kusamba;
- Kukhumudwa;
- Kumverera kwakulephera kuwongolera moyo wanu;
- Kutaya thupi mwachangu (mwa 30% kapena kupitilira zaka);
- Kufooka ndi chizungulire;
- Chilliness zonse;
- Kuchepetsa libido.
Zizindikirozi ndizofanana ndi ambiri omwe amachepetsa thupi, komwe kumakhala kuyambiranso kale. Munthu akatengeka ndikuyamba kudziona kuti ndi wolakwika, mwachitsanzo, mafuta ochulukirapo kulemera kwa thupi, ndiye kuti kale iyi ndi tocsin.
Chithandizo cha anorexia
Sosaiti imatiwuza mafashoni azinthu zonse, kuphatikiza lingaliro la kukongola. Koma m'zaka zaposachedwa, chithunzi cha mtsikana wowonda chimayamba kuzimiririka m'mbuyomu. Okonza amayesa kusankha atsikana athanzi pantchito yawo.
Pochiza anorexia, zinthu zazikuluzikulu ndikuwongolera kwa somatic state, behaviour, chidziwitso ndi psychotherapy yabanja. Pharmacotherapy ndiyabwino kwambiri kuwonjezera pamankhwala ena amisala. Zofunikira pakuthandizira ndikuchiritsa pakudya ndi njira zomwe zimalimbitsa thupi.
Chidziwitso chamakhalidwe othandizira chithandizira pakukhazikika kwa thupi. Cholinga chake ndikuti akonze malingaliro olakwika amunthu ndikubwezeretsanso kudzidalira.
Psychotherapy nthawi zina imathandizidwa ndi mankhwala kuti abwezeretse kagayidwe kake ndi malingaliro abwinobwino amisala. Pazovuta kwambiri, odwala amafunika kuchipatala. Chithandizo cha anorexics chimachitika ndi gulu lonse la madotolo: wamisala, psychotherapist, endocrinologist komanso katswiri wazakudya.
Mapulogalamu okonzanso nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chisamaliro cham'mutu ndi kuthandizira, komanso njira zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala zomwe zimaphatikizira zolimbikitsira zomwe zimaphatikiza zolimbitsa thupi, kupumula kwa bedi, kuphatikiza apo, choyambirira chimaperekedwa kwa cholemera thupi, malingaliro ofunikira ndi mayankho ophunzitsira.
Chakudya chamankhwala cha odwala anorexic ndi gawo lofunikira la chithandizo chawo. Ndi kusala kudya kosatha, kufunika kwa mphamvu kumachepa. Chifukwa chake, kunenepa kumatha kulimbikitsidwa poyamba kupatsa mafuta ochepa kenako ndikuwonjezera (calorizator) pang'onopang'ono. Pali njira zingapo zowonjezera zakudya, kutsatira zomwe zimatsimikizira kusakhala ndi zovuta zina monga edema, michere ya metabolism, ndi kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zam'mimba.
Zotsatira za matendawa:
- Kuchira;
- Zochitika (zobwereza);
- Imfa chifukwa cha kusintha kosasinthika kwa ziwalo zamkati. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, popanda chithandizo, kuchuluka kwa kufa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi anorexia nervosa ndi 5-10%.
Chilichonse padziko lapansi chili ndi malire, ndipo kukongola sikutinso. Tsoka ilo, si aliyense amene amadziwa nthawi yoti anene "lekani" kwa iwo okha. Kupatula apo, thupi lowonda ndilokongola! Samalirani thanzi lanu.