Marie Curie ndi Eleanor Roosevelt, pakati pa ena, adadwala matenda oopsa komanso osowa kwambiri. Apulasitiki - kapena aplastic - kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kumachitika pamene fupa silipanganso maselo okwanira a hematopoietic. Komabe, amenewa ndi gwero la maselo onse a magazi, amene mitundu itatu yake ili: maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi ndi mapulateleti.

Aplastic anemia chifukwa chake imayambitsa magulu atatu azizindikiro. Choyamba, zomwe zimakhala zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi: mwina zizindikiro za kusowa kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi - chifukwa chake kuperewera kwa oxygen. Ndiye, zizindikiro kugwirizana ndi kusowa kwa maselo oyera a magazi (chiwopsezo cha matenda), ndipo potsiriza, kusowa kwa magazi m`mwazi (coagulation matenda).

Ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri wa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Kutengera ndi momwe zimakhalira, zimapezedwa kapena kutengera chibadwa. Matendawa amatha kuwoneka mwadzidzidzi ndipo amatha nthawi yochepa kapena kukhala osatha. Kamodzi nthawi zambiri amapha, aplastic anemia tsopano amachiritsidwa bwino. Komabe, ngati sichilandira chithandizo msanga, imakula kwambiri ndipo imapha. Odwala omwe amachiritsidwa bwino amatha kudwala matenda ena pambuyo pake, kuphatikizapo khansa.

Matendawa amatha kuchitika pa msinkhu uliwonse ndipo amakhudza amuna ndi akazi (koma nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta kwambiri mwa amuna). Zikuwoneka kuti ndizofala kwambiri ku Asia kuposa ku United States kapena ku Ulaya.

Zimayambitsa

Mu 70% mpaka 80% ya milandu⁶, matendawa alibe chifukwa chodziwika. Ndiye akuti ndi pulayimale kapena idiopathic aplastic anemia. Kupanda kutero, apa pali zinthu zomwe zitha kuyambitsa kuchitika kwake:

- Chiwindi (5%)

- Mankhwala (6%)

• Sels d'or
• Sulfamides
• mankhwala
• Non-steroidal anti-yotupa mankhwala
• Antithyroid mankhwala (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu hyperthyroidism)
• Phenothiazines
• Penicillamine
• allopurinol

- Poizoni (3%)

• Benzene
• Canthaxanthine

- Matenda achisanu - "phazi-dzanja-pakamwa" (parvovirus B15)

- Mimba (1%)

- Milandu ina yosowa

Ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa pulasitiki magazi m'thupi ndi matenda ena ofanana ndi izo. Zowonadi, matendawa ndi osiyana ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'makhansa ena ndi chithandizo chawo.

Pali mtundu wobadwa nawo wa aplastic anemia wotchedwa "Fanconi anemia". Kuphatikiza pa kudwala kuperewera kwa magazi m'thupi, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto losowa kwambiri ili ndiafupi kuposa wapakati ndipo amakhala ndi zilema zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, amawapeza asanakwanitse zaka 12 ndipo ambiri safika msinkhu.

• Zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa maselo ofiira a magazi: khungu lotumbululuka, kutopa, kufooka, chizungulire, kugunda kwa mtima mofulumira.
• Zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa maselo oyera a magazi: kuwonjezeka kwa chiwopsezo cha matenda.
• Okhudzana ndi kutsika kwa mapulateleti a magazi: khungu losweka mosavuta, kutuluka magazi kwachilendo kuchokera mkamwa, mphuno, nyini kapena m'mimba.

• Matendawa amatha kuoneka pa msinkhu uliwonse, koma nthawi zambiri amawonekera mwa ana, akuluakulu azaka zapakati pa 30 ndi anthu oposa 60.
• Pakhoza kukhala chibadwa chachibadwa monga momwe zilili ndi Fanconi anemia.

Aplastic anemia ndi matenda osowa. Anthu omwe amakumana ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana za matendawa (onani Zomwe Zimayambitsa pamwambapa) amawonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi matendawa, mosiyanasiyana.

- Kuwonekera kwa nthawi yayitali kuzinthu zina zapoizoni kapena ku radiation.

- Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala enaake.

- Matenda ena: matenda (leukemia, lupus), matenda (hepatitis A, B, ndi C, matenda a mononucleosis, dengue), mimba (kawirikawiri).

Kupewa kukhudzana ndi poizoni kapena mankhwala omwe tawatchula pamwambapa ndi njira yodzitetezera nthawi zonse - osati kungopewa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, kuyambika koyamba komaliza sikungalephereke. Kumbali ina, tikadziwa chiyambi cha kuchepa kwa magazi m’thupi, n’zotheka kupewa kuyambiranso mwa kupewa kukhudzana ndi chimodzi kapena zinthu zotsatirazi ngati zikukhudzidwa:

- zinthu zapoizoni;

- mankhwala oopsa kwambiri;

- ma radiation.

Kukachitika aplastic magazi m'thupi chifukwa cha matenda a chiwindi, ndi funso ntchito analimbikitsa miyeso kupewa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chiwindi. Onani tsamba la Hepatitis.

Mu kwambiri aplastic magazi m`thupi, dokotala nthawi zina mankhwala mankhwala kupewa matenda bakiteriya.

Matendawa ndi osowa ndipo ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kwa zovuta. Chisamalirochi chidzaperekedwa ndi dokotala wodziwa za ntchitoyi, nthawi zambiri ndi gulu lamagulu osiyanasiyana komanso m'malo ophunzirira kwambiri.

• Poyamba, padzakhala koyenera kusiya kumwa mankhwala omwe angayambitse kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.
• Maantibayotiki adzafunika popewa komanso kuchiza matenda aliwonse.
• Kuphatikiza kwa anti-thymocyte globulins kwa masiku asanu, cortisone ndi cyclosporin, nthawi zina, kupangitsa kuti matendawa akhululukidwe.⁷.

Kuphatikiza kwa anti-thymocyte globulins kwa masiku 5, cortisone ndi cyclosporine nthawi zina kungayambitse kukhululukidwa kwa matendawa.

Chisamaliro chapadera. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi aplastic anemia, njira zina zodzitetezera ndizofunikira pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku:

- Dzitetezeni ku matenda. Ndikofunika kusamba m'manja nthawi zambiri ndi sopo wopha tizilombo komanso kupewa kukhudzana ndi odwala.

- Metani ndi lumo lamagetsi m'malo mokhala ndi mpeni kuti musadulidwe. Popeza kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi la aplastic kumakhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'magazi, magazi amaundana bwino ndipo kutaya magazi kuyenera kupewedwa momwe zingathere.

- Kondani misuwachi yokhala ndi mikwingwirima yofewa.

- Pewani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Pazifukwa zofanana ndi zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, ndikofunikira kupewa nthawi iliyonse ya kutaya magazi, chifukwa chake kuvulala.

- Pewaninso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri. Kumbali imodzi, ngakhale kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono kungayambitse kutopa. Kumbali ina, ngati pali kuchepa kwa magazi kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikofunikira kuti mtima usamawonongeke. Izi ziyenera kugwira ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kayendedwe ka oxygen komwe kumakhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa magazi.

Monga gawo la njira yake yabwino, Passeportsanté.net ikukupemphani kuti mupeze malingaliro a akatswiri azaumoyo. Dr Dominic Larose, dokotala wadzidzidzi, amakupatsani malingaliro ake kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi :

Palibe chithandizo chachilengedwe chomwe chakhala chikufunsidwa kwambiri pankhani ya aplastic anemia.

Malinga ndi Aplastic Anemia & MDS International Foundation, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba ndi mavitamini kumatha kukulitsa matendawa ndi kulepheretsa processing. Komabe, amalimbikitsa a Kudya wathanzi kuti magazi athe kupanga bwino.¹

Ndikoyeneranso kujowina a gulu lothandizira.

Canada

Aplastic Anemia ndi Myelodysplasia Association of Canada

Tsambali limapereka chithandizo ndi chidziwitso kwa odwala ndi mabanja. Mu Chingerezi chokha.

www.amamac.ca

United States

Aplastic Anemia & MDS International Foundation

Tsamba ili la ku America lomwe lili ndi ntchito zapadziko lonse lapansi ndi la zinenero zambiri ndipo posachedwapa liyenera kukhala ndi gawo lachi French.

www.aplastic.org

Malingaliro a kampani Fanconi Anemia Research Fund, Inc

Tsambali lachingerezi lapangidwira anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi kwa Fanconi ndi mabanja awo. Makamaka, imapereka mwayi wopeza buku la PDF lotchedwa "Fanconi Anemia: Handbook for Family and Physicians".

www.fanconi.org