Mawu akuti audiometer, otengedwa ku mawu achilatini (kumva) komanso kuchokera ku Greek metron (muyeso), amayimira chida chachipatala chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu audiometry poyesa kumveka kwa anthu. Imatchedwanso acoumeter.

Audiometer imalola kuti kuyesa kwakumva kuchitidwe pofotokoza malire omveka a mawu omwe amatha kuzindikirika ndi kumva kwa anthu pansi pa mayesowo. Ntchito yake ndikuzindikira ndikuwonetsa zovuta zakumva kwa odwala.

Bwanji muyesere kumva

Kumva ndi chimodzi mwa mphamvu zathu "zogwidwa" kwambiri ndi chilengedwe. Ambiri a ife lerolino tikukhala m’malo aphokoso kwambiri, kaya m’misewu, kuntchito, pamasewera, ngakhalenso kunyumba. Choncho, kuwunika pafupipafupi kumva kumalimbikitsidwa makamaka kwa makanda, ana ang'onoang'ono, kapena achinyamata omwe kugwiritsa ntchito mahedifoni mopitirira muyeso kungabweretse mavuto aakulu. Kuyezetsa magazi kumathandiza kuti vuto lakumva lidziwike msanga ndi kuthetsedwa mwamsanga. Akuluakulu omwe akuwonetsa zizindikiro zakumva, kuyezetsa kumathandiza kudziwa mtundu wa ogontha ndi dera lomwe likukhudzidwa.

zikuchokera

Ma Audiometer amapangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana:

• chigawo chapakati chomwe chimayendetsedwa ndi manipulator, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutumiza phokoso losiyanasiyana kwa wodwalayo ndi kulemba mayankho ake pobwezera;
• cholumikizira chomverera m'makutu kuti chiyikidwe m'makutu a wodwalayo, cholumikizira m'makutu chilichonse chimagwira ntchito palokha;
• chowongolera chakutali choperekedwa kwa wodwala kutumiza mayankho;
• zingwe kulumikiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana pamodzi.

Ma Audiometer amatha kukhazikika kapena kunyamula, kuwongolera pamanja kapena kuyendetsedwa ndi kompyuta yomwe ili ndi mapulogalamu oyenera.

Kuyesa kwakumva ndikuwunika kwachangu, kopanda ululu komanso kosasokoneza. Amapangidwira akuluakulu komanso okalamba kapena ana. Ikhoza kuchitidwa ndi katswiri wa ENT, dokotala wa ntchito, dokotala wa sukulu kapena dokotala wa ana.

Mitundu iwiri ya kuyeza kumachitika: tonal audiometry ndi mawu audiometry.

Tonal audiometry: kumva

Katswiriyo amapangitsa wodwalayo kumva ma toni angapo oyera. Phokoso lililonse limadziwika ndi magawo awiri:

• Mafupipafupi: ndiko kumveka kwa phokoso. Mafupipafupi otsika amafanana ndi phokoso lochepa, ndiye kuti mukamawonjezera mafupipafupi, phokoso limakhala lapamwamba;
• Kulimba: uku ndi kuchuluka kwa mawu. Kukwera kwamphamvu, kumamveka mokweza kwambiri.

Pa mawu aliwonse oyesedwa, a poyambira kumva zimatsimikiziridwa: ndiko kuchulukira kochepa komwe kumveka kumamveka pafupipafupi. Miyezo ingapo imapezedwa yomwe imalola kuti khola la audiograph lijambule.

Mawu audiometry: kumvetsetsa

Pambuyo pa toni audiometry, katswiriyo amapanga mawu audiometry kuti adziwe kuti kumva kumva kumakhudza bwanji kumvetsetsa kwamawu. Choncho sikuti kaonedwe ka mawu kamene kamayesedwa nthawi ino, koma kamvedwe ka mawu a 1 mpaka 2 syllables omwe amagawidwa mosiyanasiyana. Mayesowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika mpata wa kuzindikira mawu ndi kujambula audiogram yogwirizana.

Kuwerenga tonal audiogram

Audiogram imakhazikitsidwa pa khutu lililonse. Miyezo yotsatizana ndi mizere ya makutu yomwe imatsimikiziridwa paphokoso lililonse imapangitsa kukhala kotheka kujambula kapindika. Izi zikuwonetsedwa pa graph, mayendedwe opingasa omwe amafanana ndi ma frequency ndi axis ofukula ku intensities.

Kukula kwa ma frequency oyesedwa kumayambira pa 20 Hz (Hertz) mpaka 20 Hz, ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kuchokera ku 000 dB (decibel) mpaka 0 dB. Kuyimira zikhulupiriro zamphamvu zomveka, titha kupereka zitsanzo:

• 30 dB: chotement;
• 60 dB: kukambirana mokweza;
• 90 dB: magalimoto akumidzi;
• 110 dB: kugunda kwa bingu;
• 120 dB: konsati ya nyimbo za rock;
• 140 dB: ndege ikunyamuka.

Kutanthauzira kwa audiograms

Mzere uliwonse womwe wapezeka umafaniziridwa ndi njira yanthawi zonse yakumva. Kusiyana kulikonse pakati pa ma curve awiriwa kumatsimikizira kutayika kwa kumva kwa wodwalayo ndikupangitsa kuti adziwe mulingo wake:

• kuyambira 20 mpaka 40 dB: kugontha pang'ono;
• kuyambira 40 mpaka 70 dB: kusamva bwino;
• 70 mpaka 90 dB: kugontha kwambiri;
• kuposa 90 dB: kugontha kwambiri;
• osayezeka: kusamva kwathunthu.

Kutengera dera lomwe khutu limakhudzidwa, titha kufotokozera mtundu wakusamva:

• conductive kumva imfa amakhudza pakati ndi kunja khutu. Ndizosakhalitsa ndipo zimayambitsidwa ndi kutupa, kukhalapo kwa pulagi ya earwax, etc.;
• kumva kutayika kwa sensorineural kumakhudza khutu lakuya ndipo sikungasinthe;
• kusamva kusamva.

Magawo a ntchito

Ngakhale kuphweka kwawo kuzindikirika, mayesero akumva amakhala ndi chidwi chokhazikika.

Ayenera kukonzekera mosamala kuti athe kuberekanso ndipo koposa zonse, amafunikira mgwirizano wathunthu wa wodwalayo:

• wodwalayo amaikidwa pamalo odekha, m'malo omveka bwino;
• zomveka zimayamba kufalitsidwa ndi mpweya (kudzera pa mahedifoni kapena okamba) ndiye, ngati kutayika kwakumva, kudzera m'fupa chifukwa cha vibrator yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji ku chigaza;
• wodwala ali ndi peyala yomwe amayifinya kusonyeza kuti wamva phokoso;
• poyesa mawu, mawu a 1 mpaka 2 amawulutsidwa kudzera mumlengalenga ndipo wodwalayo ayenera kubwereza.

Njira zopewera kutenga

Kuonetsetsa kuti kumva kutayika sikuli chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa khutu ndi pulagi ya earwax kapena chifukwa cha kutupa, ndi bwino kuchita otoscopy musanayambe.

Nthawi zina, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichitepo kanthu koyambirira kuti "mwayime" pansi. Mayesowa amakhala ndi mayeso osiyanasiyana: kuyesa kunong'ona mokweza, kuyesa koletsa, kuyesa mayeso a foloko.

Kwa makanda ndi ana ochepera zaka 4, omwe kugwiritsa ntchito audiometer sikutheka, kuwunika kumachitika ndi mayeso a Moatti (mabokosi 4 a moo) ndi mayeso a Boel (mawu otulutsa mabelu).

Zoyenera kusankha bwino

• Kukula ndi kulemera kwake: pakugwiritsa ntchito odwala kunja, ma audiometer opepuka omwe ali m'manja, mtundu wa Colson, amakondedwa, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito ma static, ma audiometer akulu, mwina ophatikizidwa ndi makompyuta ndikupereka ntchito zambiri kudzakhala mwayi.
• Magetsi: mains, batire yowonjezedwanso kapena mabatire.
• Ntchito: mitundu yonse ya audiometer imagawana ntchito zofananira, koma zotsogola kwambiri zimapereka kuthekera kochulukirapo: kuchuluka kwa ma frequency ndi ma voliyumu amawu okhala ndi mipata yaying'ono pakati pa miyeso iwiri, skrini yowerengera mwachilengedwe, ndi zina zambiri.
• Chalk: zomverera momasuka kapena zochepa audiometric, babu poyankha, thumba thumba, zingwe, etc.
• Mtengo: Mtengo wamtengo wapatali umachokera ku 500 mpaka 10 euro.
• Miyezo: onetsetsani chizindikiro cha CE ndi chitsimikizo.