Pamodzi ndi chilimwe, pali mizere yambiri ya autumn: malinga ndi mafani a "kusaka bowa", bowawa amakhala ndi kukoma kokoma. Komanso, mu kugwa mungapeze mitundu iwiri yokha ya mizere yosadyedwa, ndipo bowawa ndi osavuta kusiyanitsa ndi omwe amadyedwa ndi fungo lawo losasangalatsa. Ngakhale kuti zipatso za zipatsozi zimayikidwa m'gulu la 4, otola bowa amawasonkhanitsa mosangalala.
Mizere ya September nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa nkhalango zosakanikirana zomwe zimakhala ndi spruce. Kunja, iwo amakondweretsa diso, wandiweyani, wolemekezeka, ndi mawonekedwe abwino. Pali ambiri okonda bowa zokometsera izi ndi fungo lapadera.
Mu Okutobala, mizere yonunkha imapezeka nthawi zambiri. Amakula kwambiri pafupi ndi njira komanso m'nkhalango zodula. Mu Okutobala, muyenera kununkhiza bowa onse. Chotsatira chake, mudzazindikira mwamsanga bowa wonunkhiza ndi mankhwala omwe ali owopsa kudya. Kenako mudzawasiyanitsa ndi mizere yofanana ya nkhunda zodyedwa zomwe sizinunkhiza kalikonse.
M'mwezi wa Okutobala, mutha kupezabe mizere yofiira yachikasu yodyera. Ngati chisanu sichinapitirire, ndiye kuti ndi yowala komanso yokongola. Pambuyo pa chisanu, mtundu wa kapu umatha.
Musanalowe m'nkhalango, fufuzani momwe bowa amawonekera komanso komwe amamera.
Mitundu yodyedwa ya mizere
Row imvi (Tricholoma portentosum).
Malo amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa wa autumn: nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi za coniferous, zomwe zikukula m'magulu.
Nyengo: Seputembara - Novembala.
Chipewa cha 5-12 cm m'mimba mwake, nthawi zina mpaka 16 cm, poyamba chowoneka ngati belu, kenako chopingasa. Chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi imvi kapena kirimu wopepuka wokhala ndi pakati pamtundu wakuda, nthawi zina wokhala ndi violet kapena azitona; pamwamba pake pamakhala ulusi wambiri komanso ulusi wakuda wapakati. Pakatikati mwa kapu ya bowa, mzere wa imvi nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi tubercle yosalala. Mu zitsanzo zazing'ono, pamwamba ndi yosalala komanso yomata.
Miyendo 5-12 cm wamtali, 1-2,5 masentimita wandiweyani, imvi-chikasu, yokutidwa ndi zokutira powdery kumtunda. Tsinde lake ndi lalifupi, lokhuthala m'munsi.
Mnofu ndi woyera ndi wandiweyani ndi ufa kukoma ndi fungo, poyamba olimba, kenako grooved. Pansi pa khungu la chipewacho, thupi limakhala lotuwa. Mu bowa akale, fungo likhoza kukhala lopweteka.
Ma mbalewa ndi oyera, kirimu kapena imvi-chikasu, owongoka ndi ophatikizidwa ndi dzino ku tsinde kapena kwaulere. Mphepete mwa kapu ndi mbale, akamakalamba, akhoza kukhala ndi mawanga achikasu.
Kusinthana: bowa ndi wosiyana kwambiri mtundu malinga ndi siteji ya chitukuko, nthawi ndi chinyezi cha nyengo.
Mitundu yofananira: malinga ndi kufotokozera, bowa wa mzere wa imvi ukhoza kusokonezeka ndi mzere wa sopo (Tricholoma saponaceum), womwe umakhala wofanana ndi mawonekedwe ndi mtundu ali wamng'ono, koma umasiyana pamaso pa fungo lamphamvu la sopo mu zamkati.
Malo okhala: nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi za coniferous, zomwe zikukula m'magulu.
Zodyera, gulu la 4.
Njira zophikira: Frying, otentha, salting. Chifukwa cha fungo lamphamvu, sikulimbikitsidwa kuti mutenge bowa wokhwima kwambiri, kuwonjezera apo, kuti muchepetse fungo lamphamvu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwiritse m'madzi awiri.
Zithunzi izi zikuwonetseratu kufotokozera kwa mzere wotuwa:
Mzere Wochuluka (Lyophyllum decastes).
Malo okhala: nkhalango, mapaki ndi minda, kapinga, pafupi ndi zitsa ndi dothi lokhala ndi humus, zimakula m'magulu akulu.
Mzere wopotoka wothyola bowa: July - October.
Chipewa 4-10 masentimita awiri, nthawi zina mpaka 14 cm, poyamba hemispherical, kenako convex. Chinthu choyamba chodziwika bwino cha zamoyozo ndi chakuti bowa amakula mu gulu lowundana lokhala ndi maziko osakanikirana kotero kuti zimakhala zovuta kuwalekanitsa. Chinthu chachiwiri chodziwika bwino cha zamoyozi ndi chotupa, chosiyana cha chipewa cha bulauni kapena imvi-bulauni ndi m'mphepete mwa mafunde otsika.
Monga mukuwonera pachithunzichi, pamzerewu chapakati, mtundu wa kapu umakhala wodzaza kapena wakuda kuposa pozungulira:
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kachubu kakang'ono, kotakata pakati.
Mwendo 4-10 cm wamtali, 6-20 mm wandiweyani, wandiweyani, woyera kwathunthu pamwamba, imvi-woyera kapena imvi-bulauni pansi, nthawi zina wosalala komanso wopindika.
Zamkati ndi zoyera, zokhuthala pakati pa kapu, kukoma ndi kununkhira kumakhala kosangalatsa.
Mambale amamatira, pafupipafupi, oyera kapena oyera, opapatiza.
Kusinthana: bowa ndi wosiyana kwambiri mtundu malinga ndi siteji ya chitukuko, nthawi ndi chinyezi cha nyengo.
Zofanana zapoizoni. Mzere wothithikana umawoneka ngati wakupha Entoloma yachikasu (Entoloma lividum), yomwe ilinso ndi m'mphepete mwa wavy ndi chipewa chofanana cha imvi-bulauni. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndi fungo la ufa mu zamkati za entoloma ndi zosiyana, osati kukula kwakukulu.
Zodyera, gulu la 4.
Njira zophikira: salting, Frying ndi marinating.
Onani zithunzi zomwe zikuwonetsa kufotokozera kwa mizere yodyedwa:
Mzere wa nkhunda (Tricholoma columbetta).
Malo okhala: nkhalango zowirira ndi zosakanizika, m’madera achinyezi, zimakula m’magulu kapena paokha.
Nyengo: July - October.
Kapu 3-10 masentimita awiri, nthawi zina mpaka 15 cm, youma, yosalala, poyamba hemispherical, kenako convex-kugwada. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi nsonga yolimba komanso yolimba kwambiri ya kapu, minyanga ya njovu kapena kirimu choyera. Pakatikati pali mawanga achikasu.
Yang'anani chithunzichi - mu kupalasa bowa, pamwamba pa chipewa cha nkhunda ndi fibrous:
Mwendo wa 5-12 cm wamtali, 8-25 mm wandiweyani, cylindrical, wandiweyani, zotanuka, m'munsi mwake mumakhala pang'ono. Zamkati ndi zoyera, wandiweyani, minofu, kenako pinkish ndi mealy fungo ndi kukoma kokoma bowa, kutembenukira pinki pa yopuma.
Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, choyamba amamangiriridwa ku tsinde, kenako mfulu.
kufanana ndi zamoyo zina. Malinga ndi kufotokozera, mzere wa njiwa wodyedwa kumayambiriro kwa kukula ndi wofanana ndi mzere wa imvi (Tricholoma portentosum), womwe umadyedwa ndipo uli ndi fungo losangalatsa losiyana. Pamene akukula, kusiyana kumawonjezeka chifukwa cha mtundu wa imvi wa chipewa cha mzere wa imvi.
Zodyera, gulu 4, akhoza yokazinga ndi yophika.
Kupalasa kwachikasu kofiira (Tricholomopsis rutilans).
Malo okhala: nkhalango zosakanizika ndi coniferous, nthawi zambiri pa pine ndi zitsa za spruce zowola kapena mitengo yakugwa, nthawi zambiri zimamera m'magulu akulu.
Nyengo: July - September.
Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 5 mpaka 12 cm, nthawi zina mpaka 15 cm, m'miyeso yaying'ono kwambiri imawoneka ngati kapu yakuthwa, imakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati belu, kenako imakhala yopindika ndi m'mphepete mwake ndi tubercle yaying'ono. pakati, ndipo m'zitsanzo zokhwima imagwada pansi, yokhala ndi kupsinjika pang'ono. Chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi mtundu wa yunifolomu yofiira-chitumbuwa cha kapu m'miyeso yaying'ono kwambiri, kenako imakhala yofiyira yachikasu ndi mthunzi wakuda pa tubercle yosamveka, komanso pakukula ndi kupsinjika pang'ono.
Yang'anani chithunzichi - mzere wodyedwa uwu uli ndi khungu louma, lachikasu-lalanje ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono ofiira ofiira:
Mwendo wa 4-10 cm wamtali ndi 0,7-2 masentimita wandiweyani, cylindrical, ukhoza kukhala wokhuthala pang'ono m'munsi, wachikasu, ndi mamba ofiira ofiira, nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda kanthu. Mtunduwu ndi wofanana ndi kapu kapena wopepuka pang'ono, pakati pa tsinde mtunduwo umakhala wolimba kwambiri.
Zamkati ndi zachikasu, wandiweyani, fibrous, wandiweyani ndi kukoma kokoma ndi fungo lowawasa. Spores ndi kirimu wopepuka.
Mambale ndi golide chikasu, dzira chikasu, sinuous, adherent, woonda.
kufanana ndi zamoyo zina. Mzere wofiyira wachikasu umadziwika mosavuta chifukwa cha mtundu wake wokongola komanso mawonekedwe ake okongola. Mitunduyi ndi yosowa ndipo m'madera ena imalembedwa mu Red Book, udindo ndi 3R.
Njira zophikira: salting, marinating.
Zodyera, gulu la 4.
Zithunzizi zikuwonetsa bowa wopalasa, zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa:
Zotsatirazi ndi zithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe a inedible mitundu mizere.
Mitundu yosadyeka ya mizere
Pseudo-white rowing (Tricholoma pseudoalbum)
Malo okhala: nkhalango zosakanizika, zopezeka m'magulu ang'onoang'ono komanso amodzi.
Nyengo: Ogasiti - Okutobala.
Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 3 mpaka 8 cm, poyambira hemispherical, kenako otukukira. Chinthu chosiyana cha mitunduyi ndi chipewa choyera, choyera, choyera-pinki.
Monga tawonera pachithunzichi, mzere wosadyedwa uwu uli ndi tsinde 3-9 cm wamtali, 7-15 mm wandiweyani, woyamba woyera, kenako woyera-kirimu kapena woyera-pinki:
Thupi limakhala loyera, kenako lachikasu pang'ono ndi fungo la ufa.
Mambale amamatira koyamba, kenako amakhala aulere, amtundu wa kirimu.
Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku zoyera mpaka zoyera-kirimu, zoyera-pinki ndi minyanga.
kufanana ndi zamoyo zina. Kupalasa koyera kwabodza kumafanana ndi mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake May row (Tricholoma gambosa), yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa madera osakhwima apinki ndi obiriwira pachipewa.
Zosadyedwa chifukwa cha kukoma kosasangalatsa.
Nkhosa zonunkha (Tricholoma inamoenum).
Kumene mzere wonunkha umamera: nkhalango zowirira ndi zosakanizika, m’madera achinyezi, zimakula m’magulu kapena paokha.
Nyengo: Juni - Okutobala.
Chovalacho ndi 3-8 masentimita m'mimba mwake, nthawi zina mpaka 15 cm, chowuma, chosalala, poyamba cha hemispherical, kenaka chigwada pansi. M'mphepete mwake mumakhala mafunde pang'ono ndi zaka. Mtundu wa kapu ndi woyera kapena minyanga poyamba, ndi zaka ndi bulauni kapena chikasu mawanga. Pamwamba pa kapu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi bump. Mphepete mwa kapu imapindika pansi.
Mwendo ndi wautali, 5-15 cm wamtali, 8-20 mm wandiweyani, cylindrical, wandiweyani, zotanuka, ali ndi mtundu wofanana ndi kapu.
Zamkati ndi zoyera, wandiweyani, minofu. Chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi fungo lonunkhira bwino la bowa wachichepere komanso wakale. Fungo limeneli ndi lofanana ndi la DDT kapena gasi woyatsa.
Zolemba zamafupipafupi, zotsatizana, zoyera kapena zonona.
kufanana ndi zamoyo zina. Mzere wonunkhira kumayambiriro kwa kukula ndi wofanana ndi imvi mzere (Tricholoma portentosum), zomwe zimadyedwa ndipo zimakhala ndi fungo losiyana, osati caustic, koma zosangalatsa. Pamene akukula, kusiyana kumawonjezeka chifukwa cha mtundu wa imvi wa chipewa cha mzere wa imvi.
Iwo ndi inedible chifukwa champhamvu zosasangalatsa fungo, amene sanathe ngakhale ndi chithupsa yaitali.
Pagululi mutha kuwona zithunzi za mizere yodyedwa ndi yosadyedwa:
