Chipinda cha Begonia

Kusiyanasiyana kwa begonias ndikodabwitsa: akatswiri a zomera ali pafupifupi mitundu 1600, ndipo chiwerengero cha cultivars ndi ma hybrids omwe alipo panopa sichingawerengedwe nkomwe (1). Malo akuluakulu a begonias kuthengo ndi nkhalango zamvula za South America ndi Africa, komanso mapiri a ku Asia.

Oimira oyambirira a zamoyozo adafotokozedwa ndi wofufuza wa ku France Charles Plumier paulendo wopita kuzilumba za Antilles archipelago. Amene anakonza ulendowu anali Michel Begon, woyang’anira zombo za ku France ku Marseilles, ndipo Plumier anatcha dzina la mbewu yatsopano imene anapeza.

Mu chikhalidwe, begonia yakula kuyambira zaka za m'ma 2, maonekedwe a mitundu yosakanizidwa yoyamba imakhalanso nthawi yomweyo. Palibe zamkati zokha, komanso mitundu yamaluwa ya begonia yomwe imamera pamalo otseguka (XNUMX).

Mitundu ya chipinda cha begonia

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kuchuluka kwa mitundu, mitundu ndi hybrids ya begonia ndi yayikulu kwambiri, kotero kuti magulu awo ndi ovuta ngakhale kwa akatswiri (2). Malinga ndi momwe kukula kwa gawo lamlengalenga, mitundu ya begonia imatha kugawidwa mu herbaceous, theka-shrubs ndi mawonekedwe a liana (ampelous). Malinga ndi zomwe zimachitika pakukula kwa mizu - kukhala rhizomatous ndi tuberous. Kutengera kukongoletsa - kukhala maluwa ndi masamba okongoletsa (3). Zikuwonekeratu kuti sizingatheke kutchula mitundu yonse ya begonias apanyumba, choncho ndizomveka kutchula zofala kwambiri.

masamba okongoletsera

Begonia wachifumu (Begonia rex). Onani ndi masamba a mawonekedwe osakhazikika a mtima kapena opindika m'munsi mwa mawonekedwe a "nkhono", maliseche kapena pubescent pang'ono. Ndi chomera chodziwika bwino cha 40 - 50 cm, tsamba lamasamba limatha kutalika mpaka 30 cm mpaka 20 cm mulifupi, koma mitundu yaying'ono ya begonia iyi ndi yotchuka pakati pa olima maluwa. Mitundu yamtundu wa masamba achifumu a begonia ndi yayikulu: izi ndi mitundu yonse yamitundu yobiriwira, yofiyira, yofiirira, yofiirira komanso yasiliva, pali mitundu ya begonia yokhala ndi masamba pafupifupi akuda, amathokoso, okhala ndi malire. Maluwa a begonia awa ndi osadziwika.

Mitundu yotchuka:

• Khrisimasi yabwino (Khrisimasi yabwino) - ndi masinthidwe ofewa amtundu wa chitumbuwa, pinki, emerald ndi siliva;
• Kuwala Kwamadzulo (Kuwala Kwamadzulo) - pakati pa masamba ndi kapezi wowala, m'mphepete mwake mthunzi umasanduka siliva wokhala ndi malire ofiira owala;
• Nkhono (Escargot) - mitundu yachilendo yokhala ndi mawonekedwe odziwika bwino a "nkhono" ya tsamba, yopindika mozungulira ku petiole, mthunzi wa masamba umasiyana ndi wobiriwira wakuda pakatikati kudzera mumzere waukulu wasiliva mpaka wobiriwira-azitona m'mphepete;
• Aleluya (Aleluya) - masamba owoneka bwino omwe amatchulidwa kuti "nkhono", pachimake ndi malire a tsambalo ndi ofiira-violet, pakati pawo tsambalo ndi lobiriwira ndi splashes zasiliva;
• Inu Knight (Inca Night) - mitundu yowala kwambiri yokhala ndi masamba owongoka amtundu wofiira wobiriwira wokhala ndi malire akuda kwambiri.

Begonia Bauera, or Tiger (Begonia bowerae). Begonia yaying'ono (mpaka 25 cm) yokhala ndi masamba ozungulira ozungulira amtundu wamawanga, omwe amakhala ndi pubescence kumbali yakumbuyo ndi "tsitsi" lochepa m'mphepete. Mphukira ndi zokwawa, kotero chomera akhoza kukhala wamkulu atapachikidwa miphika. Maluwa ndi osadabwitsa.

Maphunziro:

• Cleopatra (Cleopatra) - okhala ndi masamba owoneka ngati "nyenyezi" amtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira wowoneka bwino panja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pepalalo liwonekere siliva;
• Nkhumba (Kambuku) - masamba ndi ozungulira, okhala ndi mitsempha yakuda komanso yobiriwira yobiriwira, chomeracho chimakhala chophatikizika, mphukira sizimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 15.

Begonia zitsulo (Begonia metallica). Masamba ooneka ngati mtima kapena osongoka a begonia iyi ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira wokhala ndi "chitsulo" chonyezimira. Mtundu wophatikizana kwambiri wa begonia wokhala ndi mphukira pafupifupi 10 cm.

Begonia wofiira, kapena Fista (Begonia erythrophylla). "Gogo" begonia yodziwika bwino yokhala ndi masamba ozungulira, osalala kapena onyezimira pang'ono pama petioles wandiweyani. Mbali yam'mbuyo ya masamba ndi yonyezimira, pinki yakuda kapena yofiira. Kutalika kwa mbewu kumafika 25 cm, m'lifupi nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokulirapo kuposa kutalika.

Kuphuka

coral begonia (Begonia corallina). Chitsamba chachikulu chamtundu wa begonia, chomwe chimafika kutalika kwa 90-100 cm. Masamba ndi oval, obiriwira, okhala ndi timadontho tating'ono towala. Mtundu uwu wa begonia umamera bwino ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono apinki kapena ofiira m'magulu otsetsereka a inflorescences. Pali mitundu yochepa, pali mitundu ya begonia iyi yokhala ndi masamba opindika, mwachitsanzo, Purezidenti Carnot.

Begonia, wobiriwira nthawi zonse (Begonia semperflorens). Shrub mpaka 60 cm wamtali wokhala ndi maluwa ochulukirapo komanso aatali kwambiri, m'malo amchipinda amatha pafupifupi chaka chonse. Masamba ndi apakati-kakulidwe, ozungulira, maluwa ndi awiri, mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pinki ndi yofiira, nthawi zina oyera. Pali mitundu yambiri ndi ma hybrids a begonia iyi, pali ena ophatikizika okhala ndi maluwa akulu. Ndizovuta kusankha mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya begonia iyi chifukwa chamitundu yawo yayikulu; ma hybrids atsopano amawonekera chaka chilichonse.

begonia elatior, or yozizira (Begonia x elatior). Zomerazi nthawi zina zimatchulidwa molakwika ngati mitundu yosiyana, koma kwenikweni Elatior ndi gulu la mitundu yosakanizidwa ya begonias ya mitundu yosadziwika bwino. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya begonias yamaluwa ndi imodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri pakati pa olima maluwa ndi obereketsa, chosiyanitsa chake ndikutha kuphuka m'nyengo yozizira. Kutalika kwa chomera chachikulu ndi pafupifupi 30 cm (nthawi zina mpaka 40 cm), kumapanga chitsamba chowoneka bwino cha "maluwa". Maluwawo ndi apakati-kakulidwe, koma ochuluka kwambiri, kutengera mitundu, amasiyana kuchokera ku zosavuta mpaka pawiri. Mithunzi yamaluwa ndi yowala komanso yosiyana siyana, osati begonias okha ndi maluwa ozizira buluu toni. Mutha kupeza mitundu ya Elatior begonias yokhala ndi maluwa awiri kapena okhala ndi malire.

ampelous begonia, or wopachikika (Begonia pendula). Kunena zowona, uwu si mtundu, koma dzina la gulu la begonias okhala ndi mphukira zopachikidwa, zomwe zimabzalidwa mumiphika ndi madengu olendewera. Nthawi zambiri awa ndi begonias okhala ndi mizu ya tuberous. Ampel begonias amasiyana mosiyanasiyana mawonekedwe ndi mthunzi wa masamba ndi maluwa, maluwa nthawi zambiri amakhala oyera, ofiira, apinki ndi achikasu, otsetsereka, omwe amakhala kumapeto kwa mphukira. Zosangalatsa zosiyanasiyana mndandanda Cascade, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zomera zokhala ndi maluwa awiri.

Kusamalira chipinda begonia kunyumba

Kuvuta kwa kusamalira begonias kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mitundu. Zosavuta kukula ndi royal begonia, Bauer begonia, red-leaved begonia, everflowering begonia ndi begonia elatior.

Ground

Nthaka ya begonias iyenera kukhala yopatsa thanzi, yotayirira, yokhala ndi acidic pang'ono komanso madzi abwino komanso mpweya wabwino. Olima maluwa odziwa bwino amakhulupirira kuti zofunikira za nthaka zimasiyana ndi maluwa, zokongoletsera komanso tuberous begonias.

Pogula dothi lopangidwa kale la mitundu yokongoletsera komanso yophukira, ndikwabwino kusankha yapadera yopangidwira makamaka begonias. Maluwa amathanso kubzalidwa mmenemo, koma ndi bwino kuyang'ana mawonekedwe apadera a maluwa a begonias kapena zomera zina zamaluwa zomwe zili ndi zofunikira zofanana ndi nthaka. Kwa tuberous begonias, dothi lazakudya lamaluwa amaluwa ndi oyenera, pomwe perlite kapena vermiculite zitha kuwonjezeredwa.

Mukamagula, samalani ndi kapangidwe ka dothi losakanizika: ndikofunikira kuti lili ndi biohumus, vermiculite, micro ndi macroelements.

Kuunikira

Begonia imakonda kuwala kowala kowoneka bwino popanda kuwala kwa dzuwa komwe kumatha kuwotcha masamba osakhwima. Kwa maluwa a begonias ndi mitundu yokongoletsera yokhala ndi masamba owala owala, kuwala kowala ndikofunikira. Metallic, redleaf, ndi coral begonias amalekerera mthunzi wina. Mawonekedwe a Elatior begonias ndi osangalatsa: amaphukira kokha masana atachepetsedwa mpaka maola 9 - ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amaphuka nyengo yozizira. Kuti maluwa akhale aatali, pambuyo pakupanga masamba ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti musasunthe mbewuyo - kusintha kwa kuyatsa (mpaka pamlingo wa kuwala kwa kuwala) kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa maluwa.

chinyezi

Begonia amafunikira mpweya wonyowa pang'ono. M'nyengo yofunda (ngati palibe kutentha kwa masiku ambiri), mulingo wa chinyezi m'chipinda cholowera mpweya ndi wokwanira. M'nyengo yozizira, mpweya wamkati nthawi zambiri umakhala wouma chifukwa cha zida zotenthetsera, kotero begonias amafunikira chinyezi chowonjezera. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndi chipinda cha humidifier. Ngati palibe, mphika wa begonia ukhoza kuikidwa mu thireyi yokhala ndi dongo lonyowa, timiyala, moss, mchenga, kapena zinthu zina zofananira. Nthawi zambiri, chidebe chachikulu, chotsika chamadzi chimakhalanso choyenera, chomwe chiyenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi mphika wa begonia.

Samalani: kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa begonias sikuvomerezeka, izi zimapangitsa kuti mawanga pamasamba.

Kuthirira

Kusintha bwino kuthirira ndiye vuto lalikulu pakusamalira begonias. Amakonda chinyezi, koma kuthirira madzi mwachangu kumayambitsa kuvunda kwa mizu. Kuwotcha mochulukira kumakhala kowopsa kwa iwo, kotero kusunga chinyezi m'nthaka ndikofunikira kwambiri.

M'chilimwe, begonias amathiriridwa madzi ambiri pafupifupi 2 pa sabata, kutentha kwambiri kumawonjezera pafupipafupi, koma osati kuthirira. Pakati pa kuthirira, dothi mumphika liyenera kuuma, koma osauma kwathunthu (izi zitha kuyang'aniridwa ndikulowetsa chala chanu m'nthaka: pakuya kuyenera kukhala konyowa kale).

M'nyengo yozizira, mafupipafupi ndi kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kwa begonias ambiri kumakhala pafupifupi theka. Kwa Elatior begonias, nthawi yamaluwa, chinyezi chokhazikika cha dothi chimasungidwa, ndipo maluwa atatha, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa kotero kuti dothi limauma pafupifupi, koma siliuma kwathunthu. Tuberous begonias wokhala ndi nthawi yodziwika bwino m'nyengo yozizira samathiriridwa konse kapena pafupifupi. Mukathirira tuberous begonias, onetsetsani kuti madzi sagwera pa tuber.

Madzi kuthirira begonias ayenera kukhala ofunda komanso okhazikika nthawi zonse. Ngati madzi apampopi m'dera lanu ali ndi laimu wambiri, izi zingayambitse kusungunuka kwa nthaka mu miphika ya begonia, choncho tikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthawi zina muwonjezere madontho angapo a citric acid m'madzi kuti azithirira.

Nthawi yabwino kuthirira begonias ndi m'mawa. M'nyengo yotentha, amatha kuthiriridwa madzulo, koma osati masana, kutentha.

Begonia amapindula ndi kumasula nthaka nthawi ndi nthawi mutatha kuthirira - izi zimathandiza kuti mpweya uzifika ku mizu. Madzi aliwonse omwe amalowa mu poto amathiridwa nthawi yomweyo.

feteleza

Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza apadera amadzimadzi a begonias - ali ndi mawonekedwe oyenera omwe ali oyenera mbewu iyi. Mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito feteleza omwe amapangira zokongoletsera zapanyumba zokhala ndi masamba komanso maluwa.

Feteleza okhala ndi nayitrogeni wambiri ndi oyenera kwa begonias okhala ndi masamba okongoletsa, chifukwa amathandizira kupanga misa yobiriwira. Kufalikira kwa begonias kumafunikira nyimbo zokhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Kwa maluwa a begonias, makamaka Elatior, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wanthawi yayitali, monga mapiritsi kapena timitengo.

Kudyetsa

Begonias amadyetsedwa nthawi yakukula mwachangu, kuyambira Epulo mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembala, kamodzi pa sabata limodzi, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamadzimadzi komanso kuthirira. Elatior begonias amatha kudyetsedwa pang'ono - 1 nthawi pa sabata imodzi. Begonia yomwe imaphuka m'nyengo yozizira imadyetsedwa panthawiyi ndi maulendo atatu pamwezi, maluwa atatha, kudyetsa kumayimitsidwa.

Popeza pali mitundu yambiri ya begonias, malingaliro ambiri sangagwirizane ndi duwa lanu, choncho ndi bwino kuyamba kuvala pamwamba ndi mlingo wa 1/2 wa omwe akulimbikitsidwa. Ndi nayitrogeni wochulukirapo, maluwa a begonias amapanga masamba ambiri, koma masambawo samamangidwa.

Kuphuka, blanching ndi kugwa kwa masamba athanzi, kupunduka pa nthawi yakukula, kufa kwa masamba kungasonyeze kusowa kwa michere. Yang'anirani zomera zanu ndikusintha mlingo ndi ndondomeko ya feteleza kutengera momwe zilili.

Kukonza

M'tchire begonias, tikulimbikitsidwa kutsina nsonga za mphukira - izi zimakulolani kupanga chitsamba chobiriwira.

Maluwa a begonias amayenera kudulidwa mapesi a maluwa atatha maluwa. Elatior begonias amapita ku nthawi yopuma maluwa, ndipo olima maluwa ambiri amadulira mphukira zonse zomwe zimayambiranso mbewuyo ikayamba kukula.

Mphukira zakale zamitundu yambiri ya begonia zimakonda kukhala zopanda masamba, kutaya masamba, chifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kuwachotsa.

Pazaukhondo, masamba owuma ndi owonongeka ndi mphukira amachotsedwa ku mitundu yonse ya begonias.

Kubala begonias m'chipinda kunyumba

Duwa la begonia limafalikira mosavuta - mwa kudula, kugawa tchire ndi ma tubers, ndikuzula masamba. Mutha kukulitsa begonias kuchokera kumbewu, koma mbewu zomwe mwasonkhanitsa nthawi zambiri sizoyenera izi: begonias zokongola kwambiri nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zoyambira zosakanizidwa, ndipo mu hybrids, mbewu zazing'ono zomwe zimamera kuchokera ku mbewu sizitengera makhalidwe a makolo.

Zodula. Njira yosavuta komanso yabwino kwambiri, makamaka popeza mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala za begonia kudulira zomwe zimapangidwa mu kasupe komanso koyambirira kwa chilimwe.

Zodula zitha kupezeka pagawo lililonse la mphukira, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti ali ndi node 2-3. Masamba, kupatulapo apamwamba, amachotsedwa, phesi limayikidwa mu kapu ya madzi kutentha kwa firiji ndikusungidwa pamalo otentha komanso owala bwino. Mizu ikawoneka, begonia imabzalidwa pansi.

Mutha kuzula zodulidwa mwachindunji pansi. Kuti muchite izi, m'munsi mwa kudula ndi ufa ndi chotsitsimutsa chamizu (mwachitsanzo, Kornevin), ndiye kudula kumayikidwa mu gawo lapansi lonyowa. Chidebecho chimakutidwa ndi thumba kapena pulasitiki yowonekera ndikusungidwa pamalo otentha, owala, mpweya wabwino nthawi ndi nthawi ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, kunyowetsa nthaka. Chizindikiro chakuti kudula kwazika mizu ndi maonekedwe a masamba aang'ono. Pambuyo pake, chivundikirocho chimachotsedwa, mbewuyo imasamalidwa mwachizolowezi.

Pogawika. Amaphunzitsidwa chitsamba ndi tuberous begonias, amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi kuyika kasupe. Kugawikana ndikothandiza makamaka kwa maluwa okulirapo komanso okalamba a begonia, omwe amatsitsimutsidwa.

Chomeracho chimachotsedwa mosamala mumphika, mizu imatsukidwa pansi kapena, ngati kuli kofunikira, kutsukidwa mopepuka. Rhizome imadulidwa ndi chida chakuthwa chosawilitsidwa kotero kuti gawo lililonse likhale ndi chiwerengero chofanana cha mphukira zolimba. Chodulidwacho chimawazidwa ndi activated carbon kapena phulusa lamatabwa. Delenki amabzalidwa mumiphika.

Tekinoloje yogawa tuber imakhala yofanana: tuber imadulidwa kuti gawo lililonse likhale ndi mphukira zathanzi, odulidwawo amaloledwa kuti awume ndikuwaza ndi malasha kapena phulusa. Pambuyo pake, delenki amabzalidwa pansi ndikusungidwa pamalo otentha, owala, otetezedwa ku dzuwa.

Tsamba. Njirayi ndi yoyenera kwa begonias yokhala ndi tsinde lalifupi kapena losafotokozedwa.

Tsamba lofalitsa limadulidwa ndi gawo la petiole ndikuyikidwa mu kapu yamadzi, yomwe imasinthidwa tsiku lililonse. Mizu ikawonekera, tsambalo limabzalidwa pansi - lidzatulutsa chomera chonse.

Zigawo zamapepala. Njira ina yolemetsa kwambiri komanso yosapambana nthawi zonse, koma imakupatsani mwayi wopeza mbewu zingapo kuchokera patsamba limodzi nthawi imodzi.

Tsambalo limadulidwa ndipo mitsempha imadulidwa kumbali yakumbuyo kapena kugawidwa m'magawo-magawo kuti aliyense wa iwo akhale ndi utali wautali ndi 2 kapena kuposa mitsempha yopingasa. Gawo lapansi lomwe lili ndi mtsempha wautali limayikidwa mumchenga wonyowa, chidebecho chimakutidwa ndi chivindikiro chowonekera ndikusungidwa pamalo otentha, owala, nthawi ndi nthawi. Nthaka, ngati kuli kofunikira, imathiridwa ndi botolo lopopera.

Mizu imatha mpaka miyezi itatu. Zomera zazing'ono zomwe zimapezedwa motere zimakula pang'onopang'ono poyamba.

Kubzala begonias kunyumba

Begonias nthawi zambiri amabzalidwa koyambirira kwa masika, mbewu zazikulu zomwe zimakula mwachangu zimafunikira kuziika kamodzi pachaka. Zomera zobzalidwa m'miphika yayikulu kapena zomakula pang'onopang'ono zimatha kuziika kamodzi pachaka chimodzi. Elatior begonias amabzalidwa pambuyo pa kutha kwa maluwa, pamene chomeracho chimalowa mu nthawi yopuma.

Chizindikiro chofuna kumuika ndi mizu yotuluka m'mabowo a mphikawo. Zitsamba zokulirapo kwambiri komanso zakale pakubzala zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zigawidwe.

Mphika watsopano wa duwa la begonia uyenera kukhala wamkulu 2 - 3 cm kuposa wam'mbuyo. Mizu ya begonias yambiri imakhala yovutirapo, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusamutsa mbewuzo ku chidebe chatsopano, ndikusunga gawo lalikulu la chikomokere - amangogwedeza pang'onopang'ono nthaka yochulukirapo.

Ndizomveka kutsuka mizu ngati mukukayikira kuti mizu yake yavunda. Mizu yosambitsidwa imawunikiridwa, mizu yonse yowonongeka ndi yovunda imachotsedwa, kenako imanyowa kwa ola limodzi mu njira ya pinki ya potaziyamu permanganate. Musanabzale mu chidebe chatsopano, mizu imawuma pang'ono.

Mukabzala, ndizosatheka kukulitsa khosi la begonias ndikuphatikiza nthaka mwamphamvu. Mukabzala, mbewuyo imabwereranso kumalo ake, kupatsidwa madzi okwanira nthawi zonse komanso kutetezedwa ku dzuwa.

Matenda a chipinda begonia

Mizu yowola. Matendawa a m'nyumba begonias amayamba chifukwa cha bowa wa pathogenic ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala chifukwa cha kuthirira kwambiri. Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi begonias kuyima pakukula ndi kufa kwa masamba muzomera zonse. Mutha kudziwa molondola kuti begonia ikudwala ndi mizu yowola, mutha kuyichotsa mumphika.

Mizu yokhudzidwa imadetsedwa, yaulesi, yolekanitsidwa mosavuta ndi mbewu. Ngati gawo lokha la mizu limakhudzidwa, mizu yonse yodwala imachotsedwa, mizu imalowetsedwa mu njira yothetsera fungicide: Vitaros, Oksihom, Alirin-B, Ordan (4), etc. Kenako mbewuyo imabzalidwa mu nthaka yatsopano.

Ndi kugonjetsedwa kolimba, sizingatheke kuti mutha kupulumutsa begonia, mutha kuyesa kuchotsa zodulidwazo.

Nkhungu yakuda. Zimakhudza kwambiri gawo lamlengalenga la mmera, ndizowopsa makamaka ngati duwa la begonia limasungidwa m'malo otentha komanso chinyezi. Zizindikiro za imvi zowola ndi mawanga "amadzi" otuwa pamasamba ndi ma petioles. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mawanga amawonjezeka, amakhala ochepa, mbali zina za zomera zimafa.

Mukazindikira zowola zotuwa, mbali zonse zomwe zakhudzidwa zimachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo, begonia imathandizidwa ndi fungicides zamkuwa: Hom, Oxyhom, Bordeaux osakaniza 1% (4).

Powdery mildew. Matenda a begonia amakula m'chinyezi chachikulu ndipo nthawi zambiri amachokera ku zomera zina. Chizindikiro cha matendawa ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a powdery pamasamba ndi / kapena mbali zina za mbewu.

Pofuna kuthana ndi powdery mildew, gwiritsani ntchito fungicides okhala ndi mkuwa omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, kapena yankho la sulfure wa colloidal pamlingo wa 0,3 - 0,5%.

Vascular bacteriosis. Matendawa amadziwonetsera ndi chikasu ndi mdima wa masamba, kuyambira m'mphepete. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi mdima ndi kufa kwa mitsempha ya masamba.

Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, mbewuyo imatha kupulumutsidwa pochotsa mbali zomwe zakhudzidwa ndikuchiza chomeracho ndi fungicides. Ndi chotupa champhamvu, ndikwabwino kuchotsa matenda a begonia.

mphete. Matenda owopsa kwambiri a chipinda cha begonia. Zizindikiro - mawanga achikasu ndi ofiirira a mawonekedwe ozungulira, nthawi zambiri okhala ndi madera a necrosis pakati. Masamba amatha kukhala ofiira.

Matendawa ali ndi kachilombo, choncho palibe mankhwala. Chomera chomwe chili ndi matenda chikuyenera kutayidwa msanga kuti chipewe kupatsira ena onse.

Room begonia tizirombo

Aphid. Izi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tobiriwira tomwe timatha kuwonedwa ndi maso. Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa begonias ndi blanching ndi kufa kwa masamba.

Ndikosavuta kulimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba mothandizidwa ndi sopo wapadera wobiriwira, nthawi zambiri, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito sopo wapakhomo. Nthawi zina kulowetsedwa kwa fodya kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba. Mwa agrochemical agents kwa nsabwe za m'masamba, Actellik kapena Fitoverm amagwiritsidwa ntchito (4).

ntchentche. Tizilombo ta mapiko oyera okhala ndi thupi lalitali mpaka 2 mm. Zizindikiro za matenda ndi zofanana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.

Njira zowongolera ndizofanana: kutsuka mbewuyo ndi sopo wobiriwira (nthawi 2-3 ndi nthawi ya masiku angapo) kapena kukonzekera mankhwala ophera tizilombo: Actellik, Fitoverm (4).

Spider mite. Tizilombo ta begonias ndi zomera zina zapakhomo, zomwe zimawonekera mwa kufooketsa masamba ndi ukonde wa kangaude pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za zomera.

Kuchokera ku nthata za akangaude, mankhwala omwewo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati aphid ndi whiteflies, Kleshchevit yadziwonetsera bwino (4).

Chishango chabodza. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta begonia mpaka 4 mm kukula timadziwika mosavuta ngati masamba a bulauni - "zishango" zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi masamba, nthawi zambiri kumbali yakumbuyo.

Begonias ndi wandiweyani masamba ochepa akhoza umakaniko kuchotsedwa ku mamba tizilombo: mbewu kutsukidwa ndi wobiriwira sopo, kuyeretsa sikelo tizilombo ndi mswachi wofewa. Ngati zilondazo ndi zazikulu kapena begonia yokhala ndi masamba anthete yadwala, mbewuyo iyenera kuthandizidwa ndi Actellik kapena Aktara (4) motsatira malangizo.

Thrips. Tizilombo towopsa ta m'nyumba begonias ndi zomera zina ndi tizilombo ta mapiko mpaka 2 mm kutalika. Akuluakulu ndi akuda kapena ofiirira, mphutsi ndi lalanje.

Kuchokera ku thrips, njira zomwezo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zishango zabodza, ndipo dothi mumphika limathandizidwa. Ndi thrips infestation yamphamvu, ndizomveka kuyika begonia mu nthaka yatsopano.

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka

Tinakambirana za zovuta za kukula kwa begonias Agronomist-woweta Svetlana Mikhailova.

Magwero a

1. Catalog of the plant collection of the Central Botanical Garden of the Siberia Branch of the Academy of Sciences http://www.csbg.nsc.ru/catalog/kollektsiya-tropicheskih-i-subtropicheskih-rastenij.html
2. Tamberg TG, Ovchinnikov Yu. A. Begonia. // L.: Lenizdat, 1989
3. Hession DG Zonse za zomera zamkati // M .: Kladez-Buks, 2005
4. Gulu la boma la mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi agrochemicals omwe amaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'gawo la Federation kuyambira pa Julayi 6, 2021 // Unduna wa Zaulimi wa Federation
5. https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii-i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/