Berkowitz L. Njira zama Psychological zowongolera nkhanza

Ukali ukhoza kulamuliridwa ndi mphamvu, makamaka nthawi zina. Pokhala ndi malo oyenera, anthu angachepetse upandu wachiwawa mwa kuopseza olakwa ndi chiyembekezo cha chilango chosapeŵeka. Komabe, mikhalidwe yoteroyo sinapangidwebe kulikonse. Nthawi zina, anthu omwe angakhale apandu amakhala ndi chidaliro chakuti adzatha kuthawa chilango. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ngakhale atalephera kupewa chilango choyenera, ndiye kuti zotsatira zake zoopsa zidzawakhudza kwa nthawi yaitali, ngakhale atachita nkhanza kwa wozunzidwayo, zomwe zinawabweretsera chisangalalo, komanso monga Zotsatira zake, khalidwe lawo laukali lidzalandira kulimbikitsidwa kwina.

Choncho, kugwiritsa ntchito zoletsa zokha sikungakhale kokwanira. Inde, nthawi zina, anthu amakakamizika kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, ayenera kuyesetsa kuchepetsa kuwonetseredwa kwa zikhumbo zaukali za mamembala ake. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito njira yapadera yowongolera. Akatswiri a zamaganizo apereka njira zingapo zogwiritsira ntchito.

Catharsis: Kuchepetsa Zolimbikitsa Zachiwawa Kupyolera mu Kuphulika Kwaukali

Malamulo achikhalidwe amakhalidwe abwino salola kuwonekera poyera kwaukali komanso kusangalala ndi ntchito yake. Kuletsa chiwawa kumayamba ndi zofuna za makolo kukhala chete, osatsutsa, osatsutsa, osafuula kapena kusokoneza. Kulankhulana mwaukali kukatsekeredwa kapena kuponderezedwa m’maubwenzi ena, kaya mwachisawawa kapena olimbikira, anthu amaloŵa m’mapangano okhotakhota, osaona mtima. Zomverera zaukali, zomwe kufotokoza kwachidziwitso pa nthawi ya maubwenzi wamba kumaletsedwa, mwadzidzidzi kumadziwonetsera mwa njira ina mwa mawonekedwe okhudzidwa ndi osalamulirika. Pamene anasonkhanitsa ndi zobisika maganizo a mkwiyo ndi chidani amayamba, amene amati «mgwirizano» ubwenzi mwadzidzidzi anasweka (Bach & Goldberg, 1974, p. 114-115). Onani →

Catharsis hypothesis

Mutuwu ufotokoza zotsatira za nkhanza —khalidwe lofuna kuvulaza munthu kapena chinthu. Ukali umawonetsedwa mwanjira yamwano wapakamwa kapena wamthupi ndipo ukhoza kukhala weniweni (kumenya mbama) kapena kungoganiza (kuwombera wotsutsa wopeka ndi mfuti ya chidole). Ziyenera kumveka kuti ngakhale ndikugwiritsa ntchito lingaliro la "catharsis", sindikuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito "hydraulic". Zonse zomwe ndikulingalira ndi kuchepetsa chilakolako chaukali, osati kutulutsa mphamvu zongopeka zamanjenje. Chifukwa chake, kwa ine ndi ena ambiri (koma si onse) ofufuza a psychotherapist, lingaliro la catharsis lili ndi lingaliro loti kuchita mwaukali kulikonse kumachepetsa mwayi wobwera pambuyo pake. Gawoli likuwunika mafunso okhudza ngati catharsis imachitikadi, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, pamikhalidwe yotani. Onani →

Zotsatira zaukali weniweni

Ngakhale kuti chiwawa chongoyerekezera sichichepetsa zikhoterero zaukali (kupatulapo pamene zipangitsa woukirayo kukhala wosangalala), m’mikhalidwe ina, mitundu yeniyeni ya kuwukira kwa wolakwayo idzachepetsa chikhumbo cha kum’vulaza m’tsogolo. Komabe, makina a ndondomekoyi ndi ovuta kwambiri, ndipo musanamvetsetse, muyenera kudziwa zina mwazinthu zake. Onani →

Kupanga Njira Zatsopano zamakhalidwe

Ngati malongosoledwe omwe aperekedwa m'gawo lapitalo ali olondola, ndiye kuti anthu omwe akudziwa za kudzutsidwa kwawo sangalepheretse zochita zawo mpaka atakhulupirira kuti khalidwe laudani kapena laukali pazochitika zinazake ndi lolakwika ndipo lingathe kupondereza chiwawa chawo. Komabe, anthu ena safuna kukayikira ufulu wawo woukira anthu ena ndipo sangadziletse kuchita zinthu zodzutsa chilakolako. Kungowasonyeza amuna ndi akazi oterowo ukali wawo wosaloleka sikungakhale kokwanira. Ayenera kuphunzitsidwa kuti nthawi zambiri ndi bwino kukhala aubwenzi kusiyana ndi kuopseza. Zingakhalenso zothandiza kuwaphunzitsa luso lolankhulana ndi anthu komanso kuwaphunzitsa kulamulira maganizo awo. Onani →

Ubwino Wamgwirizano: Kuwongolera Kuwongolera Kwamakolo kwa Ana Ovutika

Maphunziro oyamba omwe tiwona adapangidwa ndi Gerald Patterson, John Reid, ndi ena ku Center for Social Learning ya Oregon Research Institute. Chaputala 6, pa chitukuko cha nkhanza, kupenda zotsatira zosiyanasiyana zopezedwa ndi asayansiwa pofufuza ana amene amasonyeza khalidwe losagwirizana ndi anthu. Komabe, monga momwe mudzakumbukire, mutu uno unagogomezera ntchito yochitidwa m’kukulitsa kwa ana avuto oterowo mwa machitidwe olakwa a makolo. Malingana ndi ofufuza a Oregon Institute, nthawi zambiri, abambo ndi amayi, chifukwa cha njira zosayenera zolerera, iwo eni amathandizira kupanga zikhoterero zaukali mwa ana awo. Mwachitsanzo, iwo kaŵirikaŵiri anakhala osagwirizana kwambiri m’mayesero awo a kulanga khalidwe la ana awo aamuna ndi aakazi—anali osankha kwambiri kwa iwo, sanali kulimbikitsa ntchito zabwino nthaŵi zonse, anapereka zilango zosakwanira ku ukulu wa khalidwe loipa. Onani →

Kuchepetsa reactivity m'maganizo

Ngakhale kuti mapulogalamu okhudza khalidwe ndi othandiza kwa anthu ena aukali kuti awaphunzitse kuti angathe kukwaniritsa zotsatira zomwe akufuna mwa kukhala ogwirizana ndi kuchita zinthu mwaubwenzi komanso movomerezeka ndi anthu, pali ena omwe nthawi zonse amakhala okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito chiwawa chifukwa cha chiwawa chawo. kuchuluka kukwiya komanso kulephera kudziletsa. Pakali pano, chiwerengero chowonjezeka cha mapulogalamu ophunzitsa zamaganizo akupangidwa ndi cholinga chosintha mtundu wa reactivity wamaganizo. Onani →

Kodi nchiyani chingakhudze olakwa amene ali m’ndende?

Mpaka pano takhala tikukamba za njira zophunziriranso zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndipo zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kale kwa anthu omwe satsutsana ndi anthu, mwa kuyankhula kwina, osaphwanya malamulo ake. Koma bwanji za anthu amene anachita zachiwawa n’kutsekeredwa m’ndende? Kodi angaphunzitsidwe kuletsa zizoloŵezi zawo zachiwawa mwa njira zina osati kuopseza kuti alangidwa? Onani →

Chidule

Mutu uwu ukusanthula njira zina zopanda chilango zamaganizo zopewera chiwawa. Oimira masukulu oyambirira omwe amaganiziridwa kuti asayansi amatsutsa kuti kusungidwa kwa mkwiyo ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda ambiri azachipatala ndi chikhalidwe. Akatswiri amisala omwe ali ndi malingaliro otere amalimbikitsa anthu kufotokoza malingaliro awo momasuka ndipo motero amapeza zotsatira zowopsa. Kuti tiwunike mokwanira mfundo imeneyi, m'pofunika choyamba kupeza lingaliro lomveka la "mawonetseredwe aulere a mkwiyo", omwe angakhale ndi matanthauzo osiyanasiyana. Onani →

Gawo 5. Chikoka cha zinthu zachilengedwe pa zaukali

Chapter 12

Kufuna chidani ndi chiwonongeko? Kodi anthu ali ndi chibadwa chachiwawa? Kodi chibadwa ndi chiyani? Kutsutsa lingaliro lachikhalidwe la chibadwa. Heredity ndi mahomoni. "Wobadwa kuti adzutse gehena"? chikoka cha chobadwa pa aggressive. Kusiyana kwa kugonana mu chiwonetsero cha nkhanza. Mphamvu ya mahomoni. Mowa ndi chiwawa. Onani →