Kodi matenda a bipolar ndi chiyani?

Le matenda osokonezeka maganizo ndi vuto lalikulu la kupsinjika maganizo lomwe limadziwika ndi kusinthana kwa "kutengeka maganizo", ndi mphamvu zowonjezereka ndi kugwedezeka, ndi magawo otsika (depressive state).

Zochitika za "manic-depressive" izi zimaphatikizidwa ndi nthawi yomwe kusinthasintha kumakhala kokhazikika komanso kokhazikika, kwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana.¹.

Panthaŵi ya “manic”, munthuyo amakhala wokwiya, wokangalika, safuna kugona, amalankhula kwambiri, ndipo nthaŵi zambiri amasonyeza kudzidalira kopambanitsa, ngakhale kudzimva kukhala wamphamvuzonse. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, panthawi yachisokonezo, mphamvu zake zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, maganizo ake amakhala okhumudwa, achisoni, ndikusowa chidwi ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana ndi ntchito. 

Ndi amodzi mwa matenda amisala omwe amapezeka pafupipafupi, omwe amakhudza 1 mpaka 2,5% ya anthu. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amawonekera mwa achichepere (ochepera zaka 25) ndipo amabwereranso. Gawo loyamba limatsatiridwa ndi zochitika zina za kusokonezeka kwamalingaliro mu 90% ya milandu.

Ndi vuto lomwe limapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri azilemala chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha anthu, akatswiri komanso m'maganizo ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kufuna kudzipha. Zazindikirika ndi World Health Organisation (WHO) ngati chachisanu ndi chiwiri chomwe chimayambitsa kulumala pachaka pakati pa zaka 15 mpaka 44, pakati pa matenda onse.

Kusintha kwa matenda a bipolar

Matenda a bipolar amadziwika ndi zochitika zotsatizana ndi kubwereranso kawirikawiri, ngakhale atalandira chithandizo.

Kuopsa kodzipha kumakhalabe mantha akulu okhudzana ndi matendawa. Komanso, pazifukwa zachilengedwe zomwe sizikudziwikabe bwino, matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha mtima, matenda a metabolic ndi mahomoni.

Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti, pazifukwa zonsezi, nthawi ya moyo wa odwala matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika amakhala pafupifupi zaka 10 mpaka 11 poyerekeza ndi moyo wa anthu ena onse.².

Kodi zizindikiro za bipolar disorder ndi zotani? 

Matendawa, omwe kale ankatchedwa manic-depressive matenda kapena kukhumudwa kwamanic, zimabwera m’njira zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika amatha kapena sangatsatire ndi zizindikiro za psychotic (monga kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, chinyengo). Iwo akhoza kukhala, malinga ndi HAS3 :

• hypomanic (zizindikiro zofanana koma zochepa kwambiri kuposa zomwe zimatchedwa "manic" episode);
• maniacs popanda zizindikiro za psychotic;
• maniacs okhala ndi zizindikiro za psychotic;
• kuvutika maganizo kwapang'ono kapena kwapakatikati;
• kukhumudwa kwambiri popanda zizindikiro za psychotic;
• kukhumudwa kwambiri ndi zizindikiro za psychotic
• kusakanikirana (kusokonezeka maganizo ndi kupsinjika maganizo pamodzi) popanda zizindikiro za psychotic;
• kusakanikirana ndi zizindikiro za psychotic.

Buku laposachedwa kwambiri la Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the DSM-V, lofalitsidwa mu 2014, likufuna kugawa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda a bipolar motere:

• Type I bipolar disorder, yodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa manic kapena gawo losakanikirana.
• Matenda a bipolar mtundu II, omwe amadziwika ndi kuchitika kwa gawo limodzi kapena zingapo zazikulu zachisoni komanso gawo limodzi la hypomania.
• Matenda a bipolar sanatchulidwe.

Ngakhale kuti matendawa ndi odziwika bwino, zizindikiro za munthu aliyense zimasiyana. Mwa zina, zizindikiro za kupsinjika maganizo zidzakhala patsogolo kuposa china chirichonse, pamene ena kusakhazikika, mphamvu zowonjezereka kapena ngakhale zachiwawa zidzalamulira.

Gawo la manic limadziwika ndi kutengeka kwakukulu, kudzidalira kowonjezereka, malingaliro apamwamba.

Nthawi zambiri, munthu mu gawo la manic amamva kufunika kolankhula nthawi zonse, kufotokoza malingaliro ake osawerengeka, ali ndi mphamvu zambiri ndipo amachita ntchito zingapo nthawi imodzi. Kufuna kwake kugona kumachepa (amamva kupumula pambuyo pa maola atatu kapena anayi) ndipo amakwiya msanga. Nthawi imeneyi kumatenga osachepera sabata, alipo tsiku lonse pafupifupi tsiku lililonse.

Hypomania imawonetseredwa ndi zizindikiro zamtundu womwewo, wokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri koma "zabwinobwino".

M'magawo a kupsinjika maganizo, chidwi chimachepa kapena zosangalatsa pafupifupi zochitika zonse za tsiku ndi tsiku, psychomotor imachepetsa (kapena, nthawi zina, kusakhazikika), kutopa kwakukulu, ndipo mwinamwake kudziimba mlandu kapena kutsika kwakukulu, kuchepa kwa luso lokhazikika. Maganizo odzipha akhoza kuchitika. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, chiwerengero cha anthu amene amafuna kudzipha chimasiyanasiyana pakati pa 20 ndi 50 peresenti (HAS June 2014).

Zizindikiro izi siziri zonse zilipo, koma njira zodziwira matenda zimachokera pa kukhalapo kwa kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwa angapo a iwo. Pafupifupi anthu atatu mwa anayi alionse omwe ali ndi vuto la bipolar, pali zovuta zina monga nkhawa, kudalira mowa kapena zinthu zina, ndi zina zotero.1.

Ndani angakhudzidwe ndi matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika?

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a bipolar sizikudziwikabe. N'kutheka kuti ndi zinthu zambirimbiri, kuphatikizapo chibadwa komanso chilengedwe.

Kuchokera kumalingaliro achilengedwe, zimadziwika kuti pali zolakwika mu ma neurotransmitters muubongo wa anthu okhudzidwa. Choncho, zochitika za mania zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri wa norepinephrine.

Zifukwa za majini zimakhudzidwanso: chiopsezo chodwala matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika chimakhala chachikulu ngati wina m'banja ali nawo kale.4.

Pomaliza, zinthu zakunja zimatha kulimbikitsa kapena kuyambitsa matendawa. Umu ndi momwe zimachitikira zowawa zomwe zimachitika atangobadwa kumene, komanso zovuta zina zambiri kapena zosintha (nyengo, mimba, kusinthasintha kwa mahomoni).5.