Blue spruce

Blue spruce, komanso zokanda (Picea pungens) ndi mbadwa yaku North America. Koma pamene iye anafika ku Ulaya, iye yomweyo anapeza kutchuka kumeneko ndipo mwamsanga katswiri expanses. Amakondedwa chifukwa cha mtundu wochititsa chidwi wa singano, korona wandiweyani wofanana, kudzichepetsa, kukana mphepo ndi chilala, komanso kutha kupulumuka muchisanu choopsa. Spruce iyi ndi chiwindi chautali weniweni, zaka zake zimatha kufika zaka 500, komabe, nyengo, patatha zaka 40, spruce imayamba kutaya makhalidwe ake okongoletsera.

Mitundu ya Blue spruce

Chilengedwe chapatsa spruce buluu ndi mawonekedwe ochititsa chidwi, koma obereketsa apambana modabwitsa pophunzira zakusintha kwachilengedwe ndikupanga mitundu yodabwitsa kwambiri. Ndipo masiku ano, spruce okhala ndi korona wooneka ngati piramidi, ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi korona wozungulira komanso wozungulira ali pamsika. Ndipo mtundu wa singanowo umasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku silvery kupita ku blue blue (1).

Glouca glauca (Glauca Globosa). Mwina wotchuka kwambiri zosiyanasiyana pakati wamaluwa. Anapezedwa mu 1937 kuchokera ku mbande, ndipo kale mu 1955 adalowa m'misika. Mtengo wawung'ono wa Khrisimasi wokhala ndi korona wokongola wowoneka bwino sudzakula kuposa 2 m, koma mpaka 3 m m'mimba mwake. M'zaka zoyambirira za moyo, korona amawoneka wocheperako komanso wosalala, koma kenako amapeza mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso osalimba. Singanozo ndi zazitali, zopindika pang'ono, zoyera-buluu. Cones ndi zazikulu, zofiirira. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zabwino kwambiri, zomezetsedwa pa thunthu lalitali.

Glauka globoza imalimbana ndi chisanu (imatha mpaka -40 ° C), imakhala yowoneka bwino, koma imathanso kukula mumthunzi pang'ono. Nthaka imakonda loamy, chonde, acidic pang'ono kapena ndale.

M'minda, mitundu iyi imawoneka bwino kutsogolo, m'mabwalo a rockeries komanso posungira makoma.

Hoopsie (Hoopsii). Imaonedwa kuti ndiyo blueest pamitundu yonse yamtundu wa buluu. Zosiyanasiyanazi ndi zotsatira za ntchito ya zaka zambiri za obereketsa aku Germany ochokera ku nazale ya Hoops Nursery. Komabe, mbiri ya maonekedwe ndi kukwezedwa kwa mitundu iyi ili ndi zosiyana zoonekeratu. Chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti pakati pa zaka zapitazo, spruce wokongola kwambiri wa buluu adawonekera pamsika, akukula pang'onopang'ono ndipo patapita zaka zambiri, kufika kutalika kwa 8 m, zitsanzo za munthu aliyense zimatha kukula mpaka 12 m ndi korona. m'mimba mwake mpaka 3-5 m. Kukongola kocheperakoku poyamba kumawoneka ngati kotsika pang'ono, koma pakapita zaka thunthu limatsika, korona wandiweyani wambiri amakhala wofanana, wowoneka bwino, mtundu wobiriwira wa singano umayamba kukhala siliva padzuwa lowala. Mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa spruce izi zimaperekedwa ndi nthambi zokwezeka pang'ono (2).

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imalimbana ndi chisanu (imalekerera mpaka -40 ° C), imakhala ndi zithunzi, koma imapirira mosavuta ndi mthunzi pang'ono. Nthaka imakonda loamy, yonyowa pang'ono komanso yachonde, yotayidwa bwino.

M'minda, mitundu iyi ya spruce imakwaniritsa bwino ntchito ya mtengo wa Khrisimasi. Chifukwa chake, malo ake ali kutsogolo kwa dimba kapena pamalo achinsinsi kumbuyo kwa udzu. Hupsi ikhoza kukhala malo ochititsa chidwi a zitsamba zazing'ono komanso zotsalira za coniferous.

Majestic Blue (Majestic Blue). Mtundu uwu ndi mtengo wa boma ku US ku Colorado ndi Utah. Sizongochitika mwangozi kuti dzina lake ndi "wamkulu". Ndizofanana ndi izi: mtengo wowonda mpaka 45 m kutalika ndi mpaka 6 m mulifupi, wokhala ndi khungwa lamtengo wapatali laimvi ndi singano zabuluu zotuwa zokhala ndi utoto wabuluu. Ndipo singano si zazing'ono, 3 masentimita yaitali, zolimba, tetrahedral. Mtundu wawo umasintha m'chaka: kuchokera ku zoyera kupita ku bluish-buluu ndi autumn. Ma cones akuluakulu amawonekera pamtengowu pamitengo yopitilira zaka 30.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imalimbana ndi chisanu, imalekerera mpaka -40 ° C, komabe, m'mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri, pofika zaka 40-50, spruce imataya makhalidwe ake okongoletsera. Wokonda kuwala, koma amapirira mosavuta ndi shading, komabe, kuti awononge kukongoletsa. Nthaka imakonda mchenga ndi loamy, yowuma pang'ono ndi yachonde, yotayidwa bwino, ndi zomwe zimachitika kuchokera ku acidic kupita ku alkaline pang'ono.

Zosiyanasiyanazi ndi zazikulu kwambiri moti zimafuna malo ambiri. M'minda yayikulu, imatha kukhala ngati mtengo wa Khrisimasi, kapena kukhala maziko a zitsamba zokongoletsa ndi mbewu zazing'ono za coniferous.

Mitundu itatu iyi ndi yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa, koma pali ena omwe sakhala osangalatsa:

• Glauca pendula (Glauca pendula) - 8 - 10 m kutalika, ndi korona wowongoka kapena wopindika, nthambi zolendewera ndi singano zasiliva-imvi;
• Glauca procumbens (Glauca procumbens) - mawonekedwe amtundu wa 20 cm wamtali wokhala ndi korona wofalikira wosafanana mpaka 1,2 m m'mimba mwake ndi singano zabuluu zasiliva;
• Glauca prostrata (Glauca prostrata) - mawonekedwe amtundu wosapitirira 40 cm wamtali ndi korona wathyathyathya atagona pansi, mpaka 2 m m'mimba mwake;
• Bonfire (Koster) - 10 - 15 m kutalika, wokhala ndi korona wokhazikika komanso singano zobiriwira zobiriwira;
• Misty Blue - 5 - 7 m kutalika ndi korona wonyezimira ndi singano zobiriwira zobiriwira.

Kubzala blue spruce

Kwa zomera zomwe zili ndi mizu yotsekedwa (ZKS), nthawi yabwino yobzala ndi kuyambira pakati pa Epulo mpaka Okutobala, mbande zokhala ndi mizu yotseguka - mpaka pakati pa Epulo ndi theka lachiwiri la Seputembala - koyambirira kwa Novembala.

Njira yabwino kwambiri ndi mbande mu chidebe kapena ndi dothi lodzaza ndi dothi. Dzenje lofikira liyenera kukonzedwa pasadakhale. Feteleza ndi apadera, makamaka ndi nthawi yayitali. Palibe manyowa kapena manyowa atsopano, komabe, komanso fetereza iliyonse ya nayitrogeni, komanso phulusa. Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera humus wamasamba, mchenga wamtsinje ndi utuchi wakale kapena singano zouma m'nthaka.

Mukabzala, ndikofunikira kuti musakwirire kolala ya mizu, chifukwa chake bzalani pamlingo womwewo momwe mbande idakulira mumtsuko. Mukabzala, ndikofunikira kuti mtengowo ukhale wothirira madzi ambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kuthirira nthawi zonse ndikusamba nthawi yakukula nyengo yotentha.

Mukabzala kasupe, ndikofunikira kuyika mthunzi padzuwa lowala.

Ndikofunikira kukonzekera mbande zazing'ono panyengo yoyamba yozizira pozimanga ndi nthambi za spruce kapena burlap.

chisamaliro cha blue spruce

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya spruce ya buluu ndi yosiyana, yozizira-yolimba, imatha kukula ngakhale m'madera ovuta a dziko lathu. Kawirikawiri, iwo ndi odzichepetsa, koma amakhalabe ndi ma nuances awo osamalira.

Ground

Nthaka yobzala spruce iyenera kukhala mchenga kapena loamy, lotayirira, lotayidwa bwino. Ngalande ziyenera kuikidwa mu dzenje, chifukwa zomerazi sizilekerera madzi osasunthika. Ngati yankho la dothi ndi lamchere, ammonium sulphate kapena nthaka yokhala ndi nkhalango za coniferous imawonjezeredwa kunthaka.

Kuunikira

Korona wokongola, wogwirizana wa spruce wabuluu adzakhala pamalo owala bwino. Komabe, chomera chaching'ono chikabzalidwa m'chaka chimafuna shading m'masabata awiri oyambirira, komanso kutetezedwa ku kutentha kwa dzuwa m'nyengo yozizira yoyamba.

Kuthirira

Mwachilengedwe, spruce wa buluu amamera pa dothi lonyowa pang'ono ndipo ndi mtundu wosamva chilala. Komabe, pobzala, mitundu yonse imafunikira kuthirira kwapamwamba zaka ziwiri zoyambirira mutabzala. M'chaka chobzala, kuthirira kumafunika kamodzi pa sabata pamlingo wa 10 - 12 malita a madzi pa mbande ndi utali wosapitirira 0,5 m. M'nyengo yotentha, madzulo kapena m'mawa, kusamba - kusamba kumakhala ndi phindu. Kuti musunge chinyezi, mabwalo a thunthu amatha kuphimbidwa ndi khungwa lakuda kapena utuchi wa conifers.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa nyengo yozizira ya zomera zazing'ono ndikuthirira madzi. Ziribe kanthu momwe nthawi yophukira imanyowa, mu Okutobala, pansi pa mtengo uliwonse wa coniferous, ndikofunikira kuthira madzi osachepera 20-30 malita pazitsamba zazing'ono ndi malita 50 pa mita imodzi ya kutalika kwa korona.

feteleza

Mukabzala, feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo utuchi wamtundu wa coniferous umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowongolera mpweya.

Kudyetsa

Pa dothi lachonde zaka 2 - 3 mutabzala, spruce safunikira kuvala pamwamba. M'tsogolomu, ngati mtengo umapangidwa ndi kudulira, feteleza apadera a conifers amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitengo yamitengo m'chaka. Ma spruce omwe amakula mwaulere amadyetsedwa pokhapokha atakula bwino.

Singano zikasanduka zachikasu ndikugwa, komanso mchaka choyamba chobzala, amachita kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mayankho a Epin ndi Ferrovit.

kuswana blue spruce

Blue spruce imafalitsidwa ndi mbewu, zodulidwa m'nyengo yozizira ndi kumezanitsa. Ndi mtundu uwu womwe ndi wosavuta kufalitsa ndi mbewu kuposa kudula.

Mbewu. Ndi njira yobzala mbewu, mawonekedwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana samasungidwa. Komabe, ndi njira iyi, pali mwayi wopeza zomera zokhala ndi mtundu wozama wa singano, monga, mwachitsanzo, zinachitika ndi kubadwa kwa mitundu ya Hupsi.

Ndi njira yakukula iyi, ndikofunikira kuti mbewuzo zikhale zatsopano ndikudutsa njira ya stratification. Masiku 2-3 musanabzale, mbewu zimasamutsidwa kumalo otentha ndikuwuma. Kufesa kumachitika mozama 1 - 2 cm m'mabokosi kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndikuwonjezera fungicides ndi feteleza wa conifers ku gawo lapansi lopepuka. Mbewuzo zimathiriridwa madzi ndi mpweya wokwanira, pambuyo pa zaka 2-3 zimabzalidwa ku bedi loswana kuti zikule, ndipo zikafika zaka 6-7 zimabzalidwa pamalo okhazikika.

Zodula. Zodulidwa za mizu zimatengedwa kuchokera kunthambi zapamwamba za zomera za amayi osachepera zaka 6-8. Amachita izi pa tsiku la mitambo mu Epulo, June, Ogasiti kapena Okutobala, akudula nthambi ndi chidendene - makungwa a thunthu. Kudula bwino kuyenera kukhala 7-10 cm.

Mukangokolola, singano zapansi zimachotsedwa pazidutswazo ndipo magawowo amathiridwa fumbi ndi ufa wopangira mizu (mwachitsanzo, Heteroauxin). Kenako zodulidwazo zimabzalidwa mumiphika yokhala ndi nthaka yachonde yopepuka pamtunda wa 30 °, kuzama ndi 2-3 cm. Miphika imayikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena yokutidwa ndi thumba la pulasitiki. Kamodzi patsiku ikamatera m`pofunika ventilate.

Khalani oleza mtima - ndondomeko ya rooting ikhoza kutenga chaka chimodzi. Ndipo panthawiyi, ndikofunikira kuthirira ndi kuthirira mbewu pafupipafupi. Kamodzi pa masabata awiri aliwonse, mutha kuwonjezera njira yofooka ya Heteroauxin m'madzi.

M'chaka, zodulidwa zozikika zimabzalidwa kusukulu, zomwe zimakonzedwa pansi pa denga la mitengo. Pokhapokha patatha zaka zitatu kapena zinayi, zomera zazikulu zingabzalidwe pamalo okhazikika.

Blue spruce matenda

Dzimbiri (spruce spinner). Matenda a fungal omwe amawonekera koyamba pa khungwa ngati mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono, otupa alalanje okhala ndi mainchesi 0,5 cm. Kenako singano zimayamba kusanduka zachikasu ndikugwa. Ma cones amathanso kukhudzidwa ndi dzimbiri.

Pachiyambi choyamba, ndikofunikira kusonkhanitsa singano ndi ma cones nthawi zonse, kudula ndikuwotcha nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi bowa. Zomera zodwala ziyenera kuwazidwa ndi Hom (copper oxychloride) (3) kapena Rakurs. Pofuna kupewa matendawa m'chaka, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi Bordeaux madzi kumachitika.

Shutte. Choyambitsa matendawa ndi bowa wa pathogenic. Zimakhudza spruce mu autumn, mwachangu akufotokozera pansi chisanu chivundikirocho. Zotsatira zake, singano zofiirira zokhala ndi zokutira zoyera zimawonekera pachomera chodwala m'chaka. Singano zomwe zakhudzidwa zimatha kukhala pa spruce kwa chaka china, kufalitsa matendawa. Schutte imakhudza kukula kwa mbewu, ndikuwonongeka kwakukulu kungayambitse imfa ya spruce.

Pofuna kupewa matendawa, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi Bordeaux madzi kapena yankho la sulfure colloidal amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Muzomera zodwala, nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwa zimachotsedwa ndipo spruce amapopera katatu ndi yankho la Hom kapena Angle (3).

Tizilombo ta Blue spruce

Spider mite. Zimawononga mitengo ya spruce m'miyezi yotentha ya chaka. Nthata zimawononga singanozo ndipo zimawapangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo cha matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Ndi matenda amphamvu, singano zimasanduka zofiirira ndikusweka, ma cobwebs amawonekera pamitengo.

Pofuna kupewa, kuthira korona nthawi zonse ndi madzi kumachitidwa. N'zotheka kuwononga nkhupakupa kokha ndi korona mankhwala dongosolo Actellik, Antiklesh, Fitoverm (3). Ndikofunika kuchita zosachepera 3 mankhwala kuyambira June mpaka September.

Spruce sawfly. Timphutsi tating'onoting'ono timadya singano mwachangu. Koma tikuwona izi zowonongeka kokha pamene singano zazing'ono zimakhala zofiira-bulauni.

Mu gawo loyambirira la matenda, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi Actellik kapena Fury ndikothandiza. Mankhwala othandiza kwambiri kuchokera ku sawfly ndi Pinocid. Njira yothetsera imapopera pamtengo 2-3 nthawi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, amathiriranso nthaka ya makungwa a mitengo.

Mitundu ya spruce-fir. Kachilombo kakang'ono kamawononga mbewuyo, ndikusiya nsonga zopotoka komanso zachikasu za mphukira. Tizilombo timagona m'makwinya a khungwa.

Hermes akhoza kugonjetsedwa ndi njira mwadongosolo. Chakumapeto, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mkuwa sulphate, koyambirira kwa Meyi komanso m'zaka zachitatu za Juni - Aktellik, Komandor, Fufanon ndikuthirira mitengo ikuluikulu ndi yankho la Aktara. Mu theka lachiwiri la August - mankhwala ndi yankho la mkuwa sulphate.

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka

Tinafunsa za blue spruce Agronomist Oleg Ispolatov - adayankha mafunso otchuka kwambiri a anthu okhala m'chilimwe.

Magwero a

1. Stupakova OM, Aksyanova T.Yu. Zopangidwa ndi zomera zosatha za herbaceous, zamtengo wapatali komanso zowonongeka m'matawuni // Conifers of the boreal zone, 2013 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kompozitsii-iz-mnogoletnih-travyanistyh-drevesnyh-hvoynyh-i-listvenny rasteniy- v-ozelenenii-gorodov
2. Gerd Krussman. Mitundu ya Coniferous. // M., Makampani a matabwa, 1986, 257 p.
3. Gulu la boma la mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi agrochemicals omwe avomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'gawo la Federation kuyambira pa Julayi 6, 2021 // Unduna wa Zaulimi wa Federation https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii - i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/