Burbot: kufotokoza, malo, chakudya ndi zizolowezi za nsomba

Burbot ndi woimira wapadera wa dongosolo la cod la banja la cod, lomwe lili ndi phindu lalikulu la malonda. Zopadera za nsombazi zimakhala chifukwa chakuti burbot ndi imodzi yokha ya gulu lake (Gadiformes) yomwe yalandira malo okhala m'madzi abwino okha. Pokhapokha komanso kwakanthawi kochepa, burbot imatha kupezeka m'malo oyeretsedwa m'nyanja, pomwe mchere sudutsa 12%.

Malinga ndi gulu la padziko lonse lapansi, burbot ndi yapadera osati chifukwa ndi yokhayo yomwe imayimira madzi abwino mwadongosolo lake, komanso ndi burbot yokhayo mumtundu. Mu nsomba, malinga ndi gulu lomwelo, pali 3 subspecies osiyana:

• Zambiri;
• Lota lota leptura;
• Lota lota maculousa.

Mitundu yoyambirira idalandira malo okhala m'madzi atsopano a Asia ndi Europe ndipo imatchedwa burbot wamba. Mitundu yachiwiri yomwe ili pansi pa dzinali ndi burbot yopyapyala, yomwe malo ake amakhala m'madzi ozizira a kumpoto kwa mtsinje wa Canada - Mackenzie, mitsinje ya Siberia, madzi a Arctic akutsuka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Alaska. Mitundu yachitatu imakhala ndi anthu ambiri m'madzi a North America okha.

Makhalidwe a zamoyo ndi kufotokozera kwake

Maonekedwe

Chithunzi: www.wildfauna.ru

Munthu wamba amakhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi kosaposa 1 m, pomwe kulemera kwake kumafikira 25 kg. Atafunsidwa kuti chitsanzo chachikulu chomwe chinagwidwa chinali cholemera bwanji, mabuku ambiri a pa intaneti amayankha kuti inali nsomba yolemera makilogalamu 31 ndi thupi la 1,2 mamita, chithunzi chotsimikizira mfundoyi sichinasungidwe.

Ambiri amadzimadzi amanena kuti burbot ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi nsomba zam'madzi, koma izi zimangoyang'ana poyamba, chifukwa kusiyana kwake kuli kwakukulu. Kufananaku kumawonekera kokha ndi thupi lozungulira komanso lalitali, lopindika pambali pake, lomwe limafanana kwambiri ndi nsomba zam'madzi. Mamba ang'onoang'ono omwe amaphimba thupi lonse la nsomba pamodzi ndi ntchofu amateteza ku chipsepse cha caudal kupita ku mphuno, kuthetsa kuwonongeka ndi hypothermia.

Mutu wophwanyidwa wokhala ndi nsagwada zamtunda wautali umapangitsa kuti zikhale zofanana ndi pelengas. Ndevu imodzi imakhala pachibwano cha nsomba, ndipo ndevu zina ziwiri zili mbali zonse za nsagwada zakumtunda.

Kutengera ndi malo okhala, omwe ndi mtundu wa pansi pa dziwe, mtundu wa thupi umasiyana kuchokera ku azitona mpaka wakuda, wokhala ndi mawanga ndi mikwingwirima yambiri. Mtundu wa ana aang'ono nthawi zonse umakhala wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda, zomwe zimalola kuti mwachangu kuti asafe msanga m'mano a nyama yolusa. Burbot amakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 15, koma zitsanzo zina zimakhala zaka 24. Mitunduyi imadziwika ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kulemera, mutu ndi kukula kwa thupi mwa akazi ndi amuna, akazi nthawi zonse amakhala aakulu kwambiri, okhala ndi thupi lalikulu, koma mtundu wake wochepa wakuda.

Habitat

Madzi ozizira ndi omveka bwino, komanso kukhalapo kwa pansi pa miyala, ndizinthu zazikulu zomwe zimasonyeza kukhalapo kwa nsomba. Pofufuza trophy burbot, amayesa kupeza gawo la mtsinje lomwe lili ndi dzenje lakuya, momwemo ndi momwe chikhomo chomwe mukufuna chidzapezeke, nthawi zambiri chimakhala malo okhala ndi zomera za m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mphuno zosefukira.

Kumapeto kwa kasupe komanso kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachilimwe, kwa ine - ili ndi dzina linanso, moyo wosakhazikika umayamba, womwe umakakamiza nsomba kuti zikhazikike pakati pa miyala ya miyala mozama kwambiri kapena dzenje la m'mphepete mwa nyanja. usiku amapita kukasaka ruff.

Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yotentha, wocheperako amakakamizidwa kwambiri, sangathe kupirira kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa madzi, amayesa kubisala m'malo ozizira kapena kukumba pansi pa silt.

Chithunzi: www. interesnyefakty.org

zakudya

Maziko a zakudya za burbot amaphatikizapo minnows, nsomba, roach, ruff yaing'ono ndi crucian carp, komanso zomwe amakonda kwambiri: nkhanu zazitali, chule, mphutsi za tizilombo, tadpoles.

Malingana ndi nthawi ya chaka, ndipo, motero, kutentha kwa madzi, zomwe ndimakonda zimasintha. M'nyengo yachilimwe-chilimwe, chilombo chathu, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu, chimasaka anthu okhala pansi, omwe amaimiridwa makamaka ndi crustaceans ndi mphutsi. Kumayambiriro kwa kuziziritsa kwa autumn, mpaka chisanu chachisanu, chilakolako changa chimawonjezeka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kukula kwa nyama monga nsomba kumakula, kukula kwake kumafikira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwake.

Kuswana

Nthawi ya kutha msinkhu kwa amuna imapezeka kale kusiyana ndi akazi, nthawi zambiri imachitika akafika zaka 4 ndipo kulemera kwa munthu sikuchepera 0,5 kg.

Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo ya autumn-yozizira, kuyambira pamene ayezi amapangika pamwamba pa madzi, nsomba zimayamba ulendo wautali kupita kumalo oberekera. Malo oberekera omwe amasankhidwa ndi ine akudziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa miyala ya miyala pansi. Kwa mitundu yotsalira ya lacustrine ya burbot, kusiya nyanja kuti ibereke ndikosavomerezeka; imakonda kusamukira kudera lakuya ndi kukhalapo kwa miyala yoyikamo kuti ibereke.

Kuswana kumatenga pafupifupi miyezi itatu kuyambira Disembala mpaka February, nthawi yoberekera imatengera kutentha komwe kumakhala m'dera lomwe nsombazo zimakhala. Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri kwamadzi kwa kubala 3-1⁰C, pakagwa thaw, nthawi yoberekera imachedwa, ndipo ndi chisanu chokhazikika, kuswana kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.

Dontho lamafuta lomwe limakuta dzira lokhala ndi mainchesi mpaka 1 mm, lotengedwa ndi madzi, likugwera pansi pamiyala, limagwera pakati pa zidutswa zamiyala ndipo limakulungidwa pamenepo kwa nthawi ya mwezi umodzi mpaka 2,5. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe nthawi, komanso nthawi yobereketsa, zimadalira kutentha kwa boma. Yaikazi, ikaswana kamodzi kokha, imatha kusesa mazira oposa 1 miliyoni.

Kumapeto kwa nthawi yoyamwitsa, yomwe imagwirizana ndi nthawi ndi chiyambi cha kusefukira kwa madzi, burbot mwachangu amawonekera kuchokera pansi. Mikhalidwe imeneyi ikuwonetseratu molakwika kupulumuka kwachangu, popeza ambiri a iwo amalowa m'madzi osefukira, ndipo pamapeto a chigumula amafa pamene mlingo wa madzi osefukira umachepa.

Kufalitsa

Western Europe

Mphete yozungulira ya malo a burbot yalandira latitude yomwe mitsinje ili ndi pakamwa panyanja ya Arctic.

Nsomba zomwe kale zinali zofala m'madzi ozungulira British Isles, mitsinje ndi nyanja ku Belgium, Germany inathetsedwa m'zaka za m'ma 70 chifukwa cha usodzi wosaganizira wa mafakitale. Masiku ano, pulogalamu yapangidwa yobwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa ma burbot m'malo omwe ali pamwambapa.

Chithunzi: www.megarybak.ru

M'madzi atsopano ku Netherlands, burbot ndizosiyana, apa zilinso pangozi. Kale gulu la nsomba zambiri zomwe zimakhala m'mitsinje ndi nyanja:

• Bisbohse;
• Volkerake;
• Krammare;
• IJsselmeer;
• Ketelmer,

ataya kuchuluka kwa anthu ndipo akuyenera kubwezedwanso. M'madzi a ku Italy, France, Austria, Switzerland, mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri yakhala ikukonzekera kuteteza zamoyo, chiwerengero cha anthu chimakhala chokhazikika m'mitsinje ndi nyanja za Switzerland.

Europe kumpoto

Ngakhale kale burbot anthu anali ochuluka mu mitsinje ndi nyanja Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Sweden, Finland ndi Norway, mu 90s anayamba sharply kuchepetsa chiwerengero chake. M'malipoti a omenyera chilengedwe, pali ziwerengero zokhumudwitsa pakuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu amtundu wa burbot, kutsika kodziwika kwa chiwerengero cha mitsinje ndi nyanja za Finland ndi Sweden.

Asayansi amagwirizanitsa izi ndi eutrophication (kuwonongeka kwa madzi), komanso kuwonjezeka kwa mitundu ya nsomba zosaoneka bwino (zachilendo), chifukwa chomwe burbot imasinthidwa kukhala mitundu yachilengedwe yamadzi awa. Adani akulu abanjali ndi awa:

• Perch;
• Ersh;
• Roach;
• Gudgeon.

Ngakhale mitundu ya nsomba zomwe zatchulidwazi sizingapweteke anthu akuluakulu a burbot, amadya bwino caviar ndi ana omwe akukula.

Eastern Europe

Ku Slovenia, mitsinje ikuluikulu ndi nyanja komwe kuli ma burbot ambiri ndi awa:

• Mtsinje wa Drava;
• Nyanja Cerknica.

Ku Czech Republic, mtundu uwu wa nsomba umapezekabe m'mitsinje:

• Uwu;
• Morava.

Chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe ka mitsinje ya Kum'maŵa kwa Ulaya, kuchepa kwa madzi abwino mwa iwo, burbot yakhala mlendo wosowa popha asodzi. Chifukwa chake ku Bulgaria, Hungary ndi Poland, mitundu iyi idadziwika kuti ndi yosowa komanso yowopsa, ndipo akuluakulu aku Slovenia adapitilirabe, kuti asunge zamoyozo, ndipo adaganiza zoletsa nsomba zake.

Chithunzi: www.fishermanblog.ru

Federation Russian

M'dera la dziko lathu, mitundu imeneyi yafala mu maukonde mitsinje ndi nyanja za mabeseni a nyanja zotsatirazi:

• Wakuda;
• Caspian;
• Choyera;
• Baltic.

Madera otentha komanso otentha apanga zinthu zonse kuti anthu azichulukirachulukira m'mitsinje ya Siberia:

• Ob;
• Anadyr;
• Meadow;
• Hatanga;
• Yalu;
• Oz. Zaisan;
• Oz. Teletskoye;
• Oz. Baikal.