Mtengo wa thanzi komanso kapangidwe ka mankhwala.
Zakudya zabwino | kuchuluka | Zachikhalidwe ** | % yazizolowezi mu 100 g | % ya zachilendo mu 100 kcal | 100% yachibadwa |
Mtengo wa calorie | Tsamba 612 | Tsamba 1684 | 36.3% | 5.9% | 275 ga |
Mapuloteni | 31.1 ga | 76 ga | 40.9% | 6.7% | 244 ga |
mafuta | 52.2 ga | 56 ga | 93.2% | 15.2% | 107 ga |
Zakudya | 4.7 ga | 219 ga | 2.1% | 0.3% | 4660 ga |
Water | 7.5 ga | 2273 ga | 0.3% | 30307 ga | |
ash | 4.5 ga | ~ | |||
mavitamini | |||||
Vitamini A, RE | Makilogalamu 2293 | Makilogalamu 900 | 254.8% | 41.6% | 39 ga |
Retinol | 2.16 mg | ~ | |||
beta carotenes | 0.8 mg | 5 mg | 16% | 2.6% | 625 ga |
Vitamini B1, thiamine | 0.35 mg | 1.5 mg | 23.3% | 3.8% | 429 ga |
Vitamini B2, riboflavin | 0.47 mg | 1.8 mg | 26.1% | 4.3% | 383 ga |
Vitamini B4, choline | 2403.3 mg | 500 mg | 480.7% | 78.5% | 21 ga |
Vitamini B5, pantothenic | 9.063 mg | 5 mg | 181.3% | 29.6% | 55 ga |
Vitamini B6, pyridoxine | 0.742 mg | 2 mg | 37.1% | 6.1% | 270 ga |
Vitamini B9, folate | Makilogalamu 209 | Makilogalamu 400 | 52.3% | 8.5% | 191 ga |
Vitamini B12, cobalamin | Makilogalamu 5.11 | Makilogalamu 3 | 170.3% | 27.8% | 59 ga |
Vitamini D, calciferol | Makilogalamu 10.4 | Makilogalamu 10 | 104% | 17% | 96 ga |
Vitamini E, alpha tocopherol, TE | 2.9 mg | 15 mg | 19.3% | 3.2% | 517 ga |
Vitamini K, phylloquinone | Makilogalamu 1.5 | Makilogalamu 120 | 1.3% | 0.2% | 8000 ga |
Vitamini PP, NO | 8.1 mg | 20 mg | 40.5% | 6.6% | 247 ga |
niacin | 0.6 mg | ~ | |||
Ma Macronutrients | |||||
Potaziyamu, K | 249 mg | 2500 mg | 10% | 1.6% | 1004 ga |
Calcium, CA | 262 mg | 1000 mg | 26.2% | 4.3% | 382 ga |
Mankhwala a magnesium, mg | 29 mg | 400 mg | 7.3% | 1.2% | 1379 ga |
Sodium, Na | 99 mg | 1300 mg | 7.6% | 1.2% | 1313 ga |
Sulufule, S | 328 mg | 1000 mg | 32.8% | 5.4% | 305 ga |
Phosphorus, P. | 1047 mg | 800 mg | 130.9% | 21.4% | 76 ga |
Mankhwala, Cl | 984 mg | 2300 mg | 42.8% | 7% | 234 ga |
Tsatani Zinthu | |||||
Iron, Faith | 12.5 mg | 18 mg | 69.4% | 11.3% | 144 ga |
Ayodini, ine | Makilogalamu 115 | Makilogalamu 150 | 76.7% | 12.5% | 130 ga |
Cobalt, Co. | Makilogalamu 80 | Makilogalamu 10 | 800% | 130.7% | 13 ga |
Manganese, Mn | 0.25 mg | 2 mg | 12.5% | 2% | 800 ga |
Mkuwa, Cu | Makilogalamu 480 | Makilogalamu 1000 | 48% | 7.8% | 208 ga |
Mzinda wa Molybdenum, Mo. | Makilogalamu 42 | Makilogalamu 70 | 60% | 9.8% | 167 ga |
Selenium, Ngati | Makilogalamu 139.3 | Makilogalamu 55 | 253.3% | 41.4% | 39 ga |
Chrome, Kr | Makilogalamu 25 | Makilogalamu 50 | 50% | 8.2% | 200 ga |
Nthaka, Zn | 1.09 mg | 12 mg | 9.1% | 1.5% | 1101 ga |
Zakudya zam'mimba | |||||
Mono- ndi disaccharides (shuga) | 4.7 ga | maulendo 100 г | |||
Amino Acids Ofunika | |||||
Arginine * | 2.2 ga | ~ | |||
valine | 1.84 ga | ~ | |||
Mbiri * | 0.74 ga | ~ | |||
Isoleucine | 1.82 ga | ~ | |||
nyalugwe | 2.63 ga | ~ | |||
lysine | 2.17 ga | ~ | |||
methionine | 0.8 ga | ~ | |||
Methionine + cysteine | 1.32 ga | ~ | |||
threonine | 1.63 ga | ~ | |||
tryptophan | 0.45 ga | ~ | |||
chithuvj | 1.35 ga | ~ | |||
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine | 2.66 ga | ~ | |||
Amino acid osinthika | |||||
alanine | 1.72 ga | ~ | |||
Aspartic asidi | 2.49 ga | ~ | |||
glycine | 1.02 ga | ~ | |||
Asidi a Glutamic | 4.01 ga | ~ | |||
Mapuloteni | 1.34 ga | ~ | |||
serine | 2.76 ga | ~ | |||
tyrosin | 1.31 ga | ~ | |||
Cysteine | 0.52 ga | ~ | |||
sterols | |||||
Cholesterol | 2453 mg | pa 300 mg | |||
Mafuta okhutira | |||||
Mafuta okhutira | 15.8 ga | maulendo 18.7 г | |||
Monounsaturated mafuta zidulo | 23.377 ga | Mphindi 16.8 г | 139.1% | 22.7% | |
Mafuta a Polyunsaturated acids | 10.32 ga | kuchokera 11.2 mpaka 20.6 | 92.1% | 15% | |
Omega-3 mafuta acids | 0.463 ga | kuchokera 0.9 mpaka 3.7 | 51.4% | 8.4% | |
Omega-6 mafuta acids | 9.754 ga | kuchokera 4.7 mpaka 16.8 | 100% | 16.3% |
Mphamvu ndi 612 kcal.
- vitamini A imayambitsa chitukuko chabwinobwino, ntchito yobereka, khungu ndi maso, komanso kuteteza chitetezo chamthupi.
- B-carotene ndi provitamin A ndipo ali ndi zida za antioxidant. 6 mcg wa beta-carotene ndi wofanana ndi 1 mcg wa vitamini A.
- vitamini B1 ndi gawo la michere yofunikira kwambiri yama carbohydrate ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, yomwe imapatsa thupi mphamvu ndi zinthu zapulasitiki, komanso kagayidwe kazitsulo ka amino acid. Kuperewera kwa vitamini uyu kumabweretsa zovuta zamanjenje, kugaya chakudya komanso mtima.
- vitamini B2 amatenga nawo mbali pazokonzanso za redox, imathandizira chidwi chamitundu ya chowunikira chowonera ndikusinthasintha kwamdima. Mavitamini B2 osakwanira amaphatikizidwa ndi kuphwanya khungu, nembanemba yam'mimba, kuwonongeka kwa kuwala ndi kuwunika kwamadzulo.
- obwerawa Ndi gawo la lecithin, limathandizira pakuphatikizira ndi kagayidwe kake ka phospholipids m'chiwindi, ndimagulu am'magulu amethyl aulere, amakhala ngati lipotropic factor.
- vitamini B5 nawo mapuloteni, mafuta, zimam'patsa kagayidwe, mafuta m'thupi kagayidwe, synthesis wa mahomoni angapo, hemoglobin, amalimbikitsa mayamwidwe amino zidulo ndi shuga mu intestine, amathandiza ntchito ya adrenal kotekisi. Kuperewera kwa asidi wa pantothenic kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka pakhungu ndi mamina.
- vitamini B6 amatenga nawo mbali pakukonzekera chitetezo cha mthupi, zoletsa ndi kusokonekera mkati mwa dongosolo lamanjenje, potembenuza amino acid, kagayidwe ka tryptophan, lipids ndi ma nucleic acid, kumathandizira kupangika kwa ma erythrocyte, kukonza mulingo wabwinobwino ya homocysteine m'magazi. Mavitamini B6 osakwanira amaphatikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa njala, kuphwanya mkhalidwe wa khungu, kukula kwa homocysteinemia, kuchepa magazi.
- vitamini B6 monga coenzyme, amatenga nawo gawo pama metabolism a nucleic acid ndi amino acid. Kuperewera kwamankhwala kumabweretsa kusokonekera kwa ma nucleic acid ndi mapuloteni, zomwe zimapangitsa kulepheretsa kukula kwa magawano ndi magawano, makamaka pakukula mofulumira kwa mafupa: mafupa, m'mimba epithelium, ndi zina zambiri. kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi, kubadwa kwa ziwalo zobvutika komanso zovuta zakukula kwa mwana. Mgwirizano wolimba wasonyezedwa pakati pamiyeso yama folate ndi homocysteine komanso chiopsezo cha matenda amtima.
- vitamini B12 imachita gawo lofunikira pakusintha kwama metabolism ndikusintha kwa amino acid. Folate ndi vitamini B12 ndi mavitamini ogwirizana ndipo amatenga nawo mbali pakupanga magazi. Kusowa kwa vitamini B12 kumabweretsa kukulira kuchepa kwa tsankho kapena sekondale, komanso kuchepa kwa magazi, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia.
- vitamini D amakhala homeostasis kashiamu ndi phosphorous, amachita njira ya mineralization fupa. Kuperewera kwa vitamini D kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa calcium ndi phosphorous m'mafupa, kuwonjezeka kwa demineralization ya mafupa, komwe kumabweretsa chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha kufooka kwa mafupa.
- vitamini E ali ndi zida za antioxidant, ndizofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa ma gonads, mtima waminyewa, ndikukhazikika kwazingwe zam'manja. Ndi kuchepa kwa vitamini E, hemolysis ya erythrocyte ndi matenda amitsempha amaonedwa.
- Vitamini PP amachita nawo zochita redox mphamvu kagayidwe. Kusakwanira kudya mavitamini kumatsagana ndi kusokonekera kwa khungu, m'mimba komanso m'mitsempha.
- kashiamu ndiye gawo lalikulu la mafupa athu, amakhala ngati wolamulira wamanjenje, amatenga nawo gawo pakumapindika kwa minofu. Kulephera kwa calcium kumabweretsa demineralization ya msana, mafupa amchiuno ndi kumapeto kwenikweni, kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kufooka kwa mafupa.
- Phosphorus amatenga nawo gawo pazinthu zambiri zakuthupi, kuphatikiza mphamvu yamagetsi, kuwongolera kuyamwa kwa asidi, ndi gawo la phospholipids, nucleotides ndi nucleic acid, ndikofunikira pakuchepetsa mafupa ndi mano. Kuperewera kumabweretsa matenda a anorexia, kuchepa magazi, ziphuphu.
- Chlorine zofunika mapangidwe ndi katulutsidwe wa asidi hydrochloric mu thupi.
- Iron ndi gawo la mapuloteni azinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza michere. Nawo nawo mayendedwe ma elekitironi, mpweya, zipangitsa njira ya redox zimachitikira ndi kutsegula kwa peroxidation. Kusakwanira kumwa kumabweretsa hypochromic magazi m'thupi, myoglobin-atony wopanda mafupa a mafupa, kuwonjezeka kutopa, myocardiopathy, atrophic gastritis.
- Iodini amachita nawo ntchito ya chithokomiro, ndikupanga mapangidwe a mahomoni (thyroxine ndi triiodothyronine). Ndikofunikira pakukula ndi kusiyanitsa maselo amitundu yonse ya thupi la munthu, kupuma kwa mitochondrial, kuwongolera transmembrane sodium ndi mayendedwe a mahomoni. Kudya kosakwanira kumabweretsa chiwopsezo chakumapeto kwa hypothyroidism ndikuchepetsa kagayidwe kake, kupsinjika kwa magazi, kuchepa kwamankhwala komanso kukula kwa ana.
- Cobalt ndi gawo la vitamini B12. Amayambitsa ma enzyme a fatty acid metabolism ndi folic acid metabolism.
- Manganese amatenga nawo mbali pakupanga mafupa ndi mafupa olumikizana, ndi gawo la michere yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi kagayidwe kake ka amino acid, chakudya, catecholamines; zofunika pakuphatikizira kwa cholesterol ndi ma nucleotide. Kulephera kudya limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa kukula, kusokonekera kwa ziwalo zoberekera, kuwonjezeka kwa mafupa a mafupa, kusokonekera kwa ma carbohydrate ndi lipid metabolism.
- Mkuwa ndi gawo la michere yokhala ndi ntchito ya redox komanso yokhudzana ndi kagayidwe kazitsulo, imathandizira kuyamwa kwa mapuloteni ndi chakudya. Amachita nawo njira zopezera mpweya wamthupi la munthu. Kuperewera kumawonetsedwa ndi zovuta pakupanga kwamitsempha yam'mimba ndi mafupa, kukula kwa mafinya a dysplasia.
- Molybdenum ndi cofactor wa michere yambiri yomwe imapatsa mphamvu kupangika kwa sulfure wokhala ndi amino acid, purines ndi pyrimidines.
- Selenium - chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha chitetezo cha antioxidant cha thupi la munthu, chimakhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi, chimagwira nawo ntchito yokhudza mahomoni a chithokomiro. Kuperewera kumabweretsa matenda a Kashin-Beck (osteoarthritis omwe ali ndi ziwalo zingapo, msana ndi mafupa), matenda a Keshan (opatsirana myocardiopathy), cholowa cha thrombastenia.
- Chrome amatenga nawo gawo paziweto zamagazi, zomwe zimakulitsa mphamvu ya insulin. Kulephera kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa kulolerana kwa shuga.
Mtengo wamagetsi, kapena zopatsa kalori Ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'thupi la munthu kuchokera ku chakudya panthawi ya chimbudzi. Mphamvu yamphamvu ya chinthu imayesedwa mu kilocalories (kcal) kapena kilojoules (kJ) pa 100 magalamu. mankhwala. Kilocalorie yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya chakudya imatchedwanso "calorie yachakudya," chifukwa chake mawu oyambira pa kilo nthawi zambiri samasiyidwa akamanena zopatsa mphamvu mu (kilo) zopatsa mphamvu. Mutha kuwona matebulo atsatanetsatane amagetsi pazinthu zaku Russia.
Mtengo wa zakudya - zili ndi chakudya, mafuta ndi mapuloteni.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi - gulu lazinthu zopangira chakudya, pamaso pazomwe thupi limakwaniritsa zosowa zamunthu ndi mphamvu.
mavitamini, zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zimafunikira pang'ono pang'ono pazakudya za anthu komanso zinyama zambiri. Mavitamini nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zomera m'malo mwa nyama. Chosowa cha anthu tsiku ndi tsiku cha mavitamini ndi mamiligalamu ochepa kapena ma micrograms ochepa. Mosiyana ndi zinthu zopanda pake, mavitamini amawonongeka ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Mavitamini ambiri amakhala osakhazikika komanso "amatayika" pophika kapena pokonza chakudya.