Mtengo wa thanzi komanso kapangidwe ka mankhwala.
| Zakudya zabwino | kuchuluka | Zachikhalidwe ** | % yazizolowezi mu 100 g | % ya zachilendo mu 100 kcal | 100% yachibadwa |
| Mtengo wa calorie | Tsamba 16 | Tsamba 1684 | 1% | 6.3% | 10525 ga |
| Mapuloteni | 2 ga | 76 ga | 2.6% | 16.3% | 3800 ga |
| mafuta | 0.1 ga | 56 ga | 0.2% | 1.3% | 56000 ga |
| Zakudya | 2 ga | 219 ga | 0.9% | 5.6% | 10950 ga |
| zidulo zamagulu | 0.1 ga | ~ | |||
| CHIKWANGWANI chamagulu | 1.3 ga | 20 ga | 6.5% | 40.6% | 1538 ga |
| Water | 92.8 ga | 2273 ga | 4.1% | 25.6% | 2449 ga |
| ash | 1.7 ga | ~ | |||
| mavitamini | |||||
| Vitamini A, RE | Makilogalamu 417 | Makilogalamu 900 | 46.3% | 289.4% | 216 ga |
| beta carotenes | 2.5 mg | 5 mg | 50% | 312.5% | 200 ga |
| Vitamini B1, thiamine | 0.02 mg | 1.5 mg | 1.3% | 8.1% | 7500 ga |
| Vitamini B2, riboflavin | 0.15 mg | 1.8 mg | 8.3% | 51.9% | 1200 ga |
| Vitamini C, ascorbic | 20 mg | 90 mg | 22.2% | 138.8% | 450 ga |
| Vitamini E, alpha tocopherol, TE | 2.1 mg | 15 mg | 14% | 87.5% | 714 ga |
| Vitamini PP, NO | 1 mg | 20 mg | 5% | 31.3% | 2000 ga |
| niacin | 0.6 mg | ~ | |||
| Ma Macronutrients | |||||
| Potaziyamu, K | 522 mg | 2500 mg | 20.9% | 130.6% | 479 ga |
| Calcium, CA | 104 mg | 1000 mg | 10.4% | 65% | 962 ga |
| Mankhwala a magnesium, mg | 48 mg | 400 mg | 12% | 75% | 833 ga |
| Sodium, Na | 24 mg | 1300 mg | 1.8% | 11.3% | 5417 ga |
| Phosphorus, P. | 49 mg | 800 mg | 6.1% | 38.1% | 1633 ga |
| Tsatani Zinthu | |||||
| Iron, Faith | 3.4 mg | 18 mg | 18.9% | 118.1% | 529 ga |
| Zakudya zam'mimba | |||||
| Mono- ndi disaccharides (shuga) | 2 ga | maulendo 100 г |
Mphamvu ndi 16 kcal.
- vitamini A imayambitsa chitukuko chabwinobwino, ntchito yobereka, khungu ndi maso, komanso kuteteza chitetezo chamthupi.
- B-carotene ndi provitamin A ndipo ali ndi zida za antioxidant. 6 mcg wa beta-carotene ndi wofanana ndi 1 mcg wa vitamini A.
- vitamini C amatenga nawo mbali pakuchita redox, magwiridwe antchito amthupi, amalimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa chitsulo. Kulephera kumabweretsa kutuluka kwa magazi m'kamwa, kutuluka magazi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kuperewera kwa magazi komanso kufooka kwa ma capillaries amwazi.
- vitamini E ali ndi zida za antioxidant, ndizofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa ma gonads, mtima waminyewa, ndikukhazikika kwazingwe zam'manja. Ndi kuchepa kwa vitamini E, hemolysis ya erythrocyte ndi matenda amitsempha amaonedwa.
- potaziyamu ndiye ion yama cell yayikulu yomwe imagwira nawo ntchito yoyang'anira madzi, asidi ndi ma elektrolyte, amatenga nawo mbali pazokhumba zamitsempha, malamulo opanikizika.
- mankhwala enaake a amatenga nawo gawo pamagetsi amagetsi, kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni, ma acid a nucleic, ali ndi mphamvu zolimba pakhungu, ndikofunikira kukhalabe ndi calcium home, potaziyamu ndi sodium. Kuperewera kwa magnesium kumabweretsa hypomagnesemia, chiopsezo chowonjezeka chokhala ndi matenda oopsa, matenda amtima.
- Iron ndi gawo la mapuloteni azinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza michere. Nawo nawo mayendedwe ma elekitironi, mpweya, zipangitsa njira ya redox zimachitikira ndi kutsegula kwa peroxidation. Kusakwanira kumwa kumabweretsa hypochromic magazi m'thupi, myoglobin-atony wopanda mafupa a mafupa, kuwonjezeka kutopa, myocardiopathy, atrophic gastritis.
Mtengo wamagetsi, kapena zopatsa kalori Ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'thupi la munthu kuchokera ku chakudya panthawi ya chimbudzi. Mphamvu yamphamvu ya chinthu imayesedwa mu kilocalories (kcal) kapena kilojoules (kJ) pa 100 magalamu. mankhwala. Kilocalorie yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya chakudya imatchedwanso "calorie yachakudya," chifukwa chake mawu oyambira pa kilo nthawi zambiri samasiyidwa akamanena zopatsa mphamvu mu (kilo) zopatsa mphamvu. Mutha kuwona matebulo atsatanetsatane amagetsi pazinthu zaku Russia.
Mtengo wa zakudya - zili ndi chakudya, mafuta ndi mapuloteni.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi - gulu lazinthu zopangira chakudya, pamaso pazomwe thupi limakwaniritsa zosowa zamunthu ndi mphamvu.
mavitamini, zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zimafunikira pang'ono pang'ono pazakudya za anthu komanso zinyama zambiri. Mavitamini nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zomera m'malo mwa nyama. Chosowa cha anthu tsiku ndi tsiku cha mavitamini ndi mamiligalamu ochepa kapena ma micrograms ochepa. Mosiyana ndi zinthu zopanda pake, mavitamini amawonongeka ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Mavitamini ambiri amakhala osakhazikika komanso "amatayika" pophika kapena pokonza chakudya.