Mtengo wa thanzi komanso kapangidwe ka mankhwala.
Zakudya zabwino | kuchuluka | Zachikhalidwe ** | % yazizolowezi mu 100 g | % ya zachilendo mu 100 kcal | 100% yachibadwa |
Mtengo wa calorie | Tsamba 601 | Tsamba 1684 | 35.7% | 5.9% | 280 ga |
Mapuloteni | 20.7 ga | 76 ga | 27.2% | 4.5% | 367 ga |
mafuta | 52.9 ga | 56 ga | 94.5% | 15.7% | 106 ga |
Zakudya | 10.5 ga | 219 ga | 4.8% | 0.8% | 2086 ga |
CHIKWANGWANI chamagulu | 5 ga | 20 ga | 25% | 4.2% | 400 ga |
Water | 8 ga | 2273 ga | 0.4% | 0.1% | 28413 ga |
ash | 2.9 ga | ~ | |||
mavitamini | |||||
Vitamini A, RE | Makilogalamu 5 | Makilogalamu 900 | 0.6% | 0.1% | 18000 ga |
beta carotenes | 0.03 mg | 5 mg | 0.6% | 0.1% | 16667 ga |
Vitamini B1, thiamine | 1.84 mg | 1.5 mg | 122.7% | 20.4% | 82 ga |
Vitamini B2, riboflavin | 0.18 mg | 1.8 mg | 10% | 1.7% | 1000 ga |
Vitamini B4, choline | 55.1 mg | 500 mg | 11% | 1.8% | 907 ga |
Vitamini B5, pantothenic | 1.13 mg | 5 mg | 22.6% | 3.8% | 442 ga |
Vitamini B6, pyridoxine | 1.345 mg | 2 mg | 67.3% | 11.2% | 149 ga |
Vitamini B9, folate | Makilogalamu 227 | Makilogalamu 400 | 56.8% | 9.5% | 176 ga |
Vitamini C, ascorbic | 1.4 mg | 90 mg | 1.6% | 0.3% | 6429 ga |
Vitamini E, alpha tocopherol, TE | 31.2 mg | 15 mg | 208% | 34.6% | 48 ga |
Vitamini H, biotin | Makilogalamu 7.8 | Makilogalamu 50 | 15.6% | 2.6% | 641 ga |
Vitamini PP, NO | 15.7 mg | 20 mg | 78.5% | 13.1% | 127 ga |
niacin | 10.1 mg | ~ | |||
Ma Macronutrients | |||||
Potaziyamu, K | 647 mg | 2500 mg | 25.9% | 4.3% | 386 ga |
Calcium, CA | 367 mg | 1000 mg | 36.7% | 6.1% | 272 ga |
Pakachitsulo, Si | 8 mg | 30 mg | 26.7% | 4.4% | 375 ga |
Mankhwala a magnesium, mg | 317 mg | 400 mg | 79.3% | 13.2% | 126 ga |
Sodium, Na | 160 mg | 1300 mg | 12.3% | 2% | 813 ga |
Sulufule, S | 207.8 mg | 1000 mg | 20.8% | 3.5% | 481 ga |
Phosphorus, P. | 530 mg | 800 mg | 66.3% | 11% | 151 ga |
Mankhwala, Cl | 47 mg | 2300 mg | 2% | 0.3% | 4894 ga |
Tsatani Zinthu | |||||
Zotayidwa, Al | Makilogalamu 296 | ~ | |||
Wopanga, B. | Makilogalamu 113.5 | ~ | |||
Vanadium, V | Makilogalamu 84.1 | ~ | |||
Iron, Faith | 6.1 mg | 18 mg | 33.9% | 5.6% | 295 ga |
Ayodini, ine | Makilogalamu 6.8 | Makilogalamu 150 | 4.5% | 0.7% | 2206 ga |
Cobalt, Co. | Makilogalamu 5.3 | Makilogalamu 10 | 53% | 8.8% | 189 ga |
Lifiyamu, Li | Makilogalamu 7.1 | ~ | |||
Manganese, Mn | 1.95 mg | 2 mg | 97.5% | 16.2% | 103 ga |
Mkuwa, Cu | Makilogalamu 1800 | Makilogalamu 1000 | 180% | 30% | 56 ga |
Mzinda wa Molybdenum, Mo. | Makilogalamu 19.5 | Makilogalamu 70 | 27.9% | 4.6% | 359 ga |
Nickel, ndi | Makilogalamu 144 | ~ | |||
Rubidium, Rb | Makilogalamu 26 | ~ | |||
Selenium, Ngati | Makilogalamu 53 | Makilogalamu 55 | 96.4% | 16% | 104 ga |
Olimba, Sr. | Makilogalamu 27.2 | ~ | |||
Titan, inu | Makilogalamu 27.9 | ~ | |||
Zamadzimadzi, F | Makilogalamu 91 | Makilogalamu 4000 | 2.3% | 0.4% | 4396 ga |
Chrome, Kr | Makilogalamu 1.3 | Makilogalamu 50 | 2.6% | 0.4% | 3846 ga |
Nthaka, Zn | 5 mg | 12 mg | 41.7% | 6.9% | 240 ga |
Zirconium, Zr | Makilogalamu 164 | ~ | |||
Zakudya zam'mimba | |||||
Wowuma ndi dextrins | 7.1 ga | ~ | |||
Mono- ndi disaccharides (shuga) | 3.4 ga | maulendo 100 г | |||
Amino Acids Ofunika | 6.479 ga | ~ | |||
Arginine * | 1.785 ga | ~ | |||
valine | 1.071 ga | ~ | |||
Mbiri * | 0.523 ga | ~ | |||
Isoleucine | 0.694 ga | ~ | |||
nyalugwe | 1.343 ga | ~ | |||
lysine | 0.71 ga | ~ | |||
methionine | 0.39 ga | ~ | |||
Methionine + cysteine | 0.79 ga | ~ | |||
threonine | 0.885 ga | ~ | |||
tryptophan | 0.337 ga | ~ | |||
chithuvj | 1.049 ga | ~ | |||
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine | 1.59 ga | ~ | |||
Amino acid osinthika | 13.121 ga | ~ | |||
alanine | 0.858 ga | ~ | |||
Aspartic asidi | 1.789 ga | ~ | |||
glycine | 1.13 ga | ~ | |||
Asidi a Glutamic | 4.124 ga | ~ | |||
Mapuloteni | 1.18 ga | ~ | |||
serine | 0.792 ga | ~ | |||
tyrosin | 0.544 ga | ~ | |||
Cysteine | 0.396 ga | ~ | |||
sterols | |||||
beta sitosterol | 150 mg | ~ | |||
Mafuta okhutira | |||||
Mafuta okhutira | 5.7 ga | maulendo 18.7 г | |||
16: 0 Palmitic | 3.2 ga | ~ | |||
18: 0 Stearin | 2.1 ga | ~ | |||
22: 0 | 0.3 ga | ~ | |||
Monounsaturated mafuta zidulo | 12.5 ga | Mphindi 16.8 г | 74.4% | 12.4% | |
18:1 Olein (omega-9) | 12.5 ga | ~ | |||
Mafuta a Polyunsaturated acids | 31.9 ga | kuchokera 11.2 mpaka 20.6 | 154.9% | 25.8% | |
18: 2 Linoleic | 31.8 ga | ~ | |||
Omega-6 mafuta acids | 31.8 ga | kuchokera 4.7 mpaka 16.8 | 189.3% | 31.5% |
Mphamvu ndi 601 kcal.
- vitamini B1 ndi gawo la michere yofunikira kwambiri yama carbohydrate ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, yomwe imapatsa thupi mphamvu ndi zinthu zapulasitiki, komanso kagayidwe kazitsulo ka amino acid. Kuperewera kwa vitamini uyu kumabweretsa zovuta zamanjenje, kugaya chakudya komanso mtima.
- obwerawa Ndi gawo la lecithin, limathandizira pakuphatikizira ndi kagayidwe kake ka phospholipids m'chiwindi, ndimagulu am'magulu amethyl aulere, amakhala ngati lipotropic factor.
- vitamini B5 nawo mapuloteni, mafuta, zimam'patsa kagayidwe, mafuta m'thupi kagayidwe, synthesis wa mahomoni angapo, hemoglobin, amalimbikitsa mayamwidwe amino zidulo ndi shuga mu intestine, amathandiza ntchito ya adrenal kotekisi. Kuperewera kwa asidi wa pantothenic kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka pakhungu ndi mamina.
- vitamini B6 amatenga nawo mbali pakukonzekera chitetezo cha mthupi, zoletsa ndi kusokonekera mkati mwa dongosolo lamanjenje, potembenuza amino acid, kagayidwe ka tryptophan, lipids ndi ma nucleic acid, kumathandizira kupangika kwa ma erythrocyte, kukonza mulingo wabwinobwino ya homocysteine m'magazi. Mavitamini B6 osakwanira amaphatikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa njala, kuphwanya mkhalidwe wa khungu, kukula kwa homocysteinemia, kuchepa magazi.
- vitamini B6 monga coenzyme, amatenga nawo gawo pama metabolism a nucleic acid ndi amino acid. Kuperewera kwamankhwala kumabweretsa kusokonekera kwa ma nucleic acid ndi mapuloteni, zomwe zimapangitsa kulepheretsa kukula kwa magawano ndi magawano, makamaka pakukula mofulumira kwa mafupa: mafupa, m'mimba epithelium, ndi zina zambiri. kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi, kubadwa kwa ziwalo zobvutika komanso zovuta zakukula kwa mwana. Mgwirizano wolimba wasonyezedwa pakati pamiyeso yama folate ndi homocysteine komanso chiopsezo cha matenda amtima.
- vitamini E ali ndi zida za antioxidant, ndizofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa ma gonads, mtima waminyewa, ndikukhazikika kwazingwe zam'manja. Ndi kuchepa kwa vitamini E, hemolysis ya erythrocyte ndi matenda amitsempha amaonedwa.
- Vitamini H. nawo synthesis wa mafuta, glycogen, ndi kagayidwe wa amino zidulo. Kudya mavitamini osakwanira kumatha kubweretsa kusokonezeka kwa khungu.
- Vitamini PP amachita nawo zochita redox mphamvu kagayidwe. Kusakwanira kudya mavitamini kumatsagana ndi kusokonekera kwa khungu, m'mimba komanso m'mitsempha.
- potaziyamu ndiye ion yama cell yayikulu yomwe imagwira nawo ntchito yoyang'anira madzi, asidi ndi ma elektrolyte, amatenga nawo mbali pazokhumba zamitsempha, malamulo opanikizika.
- kashiamu ndiye gawo lalikulu la mafupa athu, amakhala ngati wolamulira wamanjenje, amatenga nawo gawo pakumapindika kwa minofu. Kulephera kwa calcium kumabweretsa demineralization ya msana, mafupa amchiuno ndi kumapeto kwenikweni, kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kufooka kwa mafupa.
- Silicon Imaphatikizidwa ngati gawo lazomangamanga mu glycosaminoglycans ndipo imathandizira kaphatikizidwe ka collagen.
- mankhwala enaake a amatenga nawo gawo pamagetsi amagetsi, kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni, ma acid a nucleic, ali ndi mphamvu zolimba pakhungu, ndikofunikira kukhalabe ndi calcium home, potaziyamu ndi sodium. Kuperewera kwa magnesium kumabweretsa hypomagnesemia, chiopsezo chowonjezeka chokhala ndi matenda oopsa, matenda amtima.
- Phosphorus amatenga nawo gawo pazinthu zambiri zakuthupi, kuphatikiza mphamvu yamagetsi, kuwongolera kuyamwa kwa asidi, ndi gawo la phospholipids, nucleotides ndi nucleic acid, ndikofunikira pakuchepetsa mafupa ndi mano. Kuperewera kumabweretsa matenda a anorexia, kuchepa magazi, ziphuphu.
- Iron ndi gawo la mapuloteni azinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza michere. Nawo nawo mayendedwe ma elekitironi, mpweya, zipangitsa njira ya redox zimachitikira ndi kutsegula kwa peroxidation. Kusakwanira kumwa kumabweretsa hypochromic magazi m'thupi, myoglobin-atony wopanda mafupa a mafupa, kuwonjezeka kutopa, myocardiopathy, atrophic gastritis.
- Cobalt ndi gawo la vitamini B12. Amayambitsa ma enzyme a fatty acid metabolism ndi folic acid metabolism.
- Manganese amatenga nawo mbali pakupanga mafupa ndi mafupa olumikizana, ndi gawo la michere yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi kagayidwe kake ka amino acid, chakudya, catecholamines; zofunika pakuphatikizira kwa cholesterol ndi ma nucleotide. Kulephera kudya limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa kukula, kusokonekera kwa ziwalo zoberekera, kuwonjezeka kwa mafupa a mafupa, kusokonekera kwa ma carbohydrate ndi lipid metabolism.
- Mkuwa ndi gawo la michere yokhala ndi ntchito ya redox komanso yokhudzana ndi kagayidwe kazitsulo, imathandizira kuyamwa kwa mapuloteni ndi chakudya. Amachita nawo njira zopezera mpweya wamthupi la munthu. Kuperewera kumawonetsedwa ndi zovuta pakupanga kwamitsempha yam'mimba ndi mafupa, kukula kwa mafinya a dysplasia.
- Molybdenum ndi cofactor wa michere yambiri yomwe imapatsa mphamvu kupangika kwa sulfure wokhala ndi amino acid, purines ndi pyrimidines.
- Selenium - chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha chitetezo cha antioxidant cha thupi la munthu, chimakhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi, chimagwira nawo ntchito yokhudza mahomoni a chithokomiro. Kuperewera kumabweretsa matenda a Kashin-Beck (osteoarthritis omwe ali ndi ziwalo zingapo, msana ndi mafupa), matenda a Keshan (opatsirana myocardiopathy), cholowa cha thrombastenia.
- nthaka ndi gawo la michere yoposa 300, yomwe imagwira nawo ntchito kaphatikizidwe ndi kuwonongeka kwa chakudya, mapuloteni, mafuta, ma nucleic acid komanso kuwongolera kufotokozera kwamitundu ingapo. Kugwiritsa ntchito osakwanira kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa magazi, kuchepa kwa chitetezo m'thupi, chiwindi cha chiwindi, kukanika kugonana, komanso kupunduka kwa fetus. Kafukufuku waposachedwa awulula kuthekera kwa mlingo waukulu wa zinc kusokoneza kuyamwa kwamkuwa ndipo potero kumathandizira kukulitsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.
Mtengo wamagetsi, kapena zopatsa kalori Ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'thupi la munthu kuchokera ku chakudya panthawi ya chimbudzi. Mphamvu yamphamvu ya chinthu imayesedwa mu kilocalories (kcal) kapena kilojoules (kJ) pa 100 magalamu. mankhwala. Kilocalorie yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya chakudya imatchedwanso "calorie yachakudya," chifukwa chake mawu oyambira pa kilo nthawi zambiri samasiyidwa akamanena zopatsa mphamvu mu (kilo) zopatsa mphamvu. Mutha kuwona matebulo atsatanetsatane amagetsi pazinthu zaku Russia.
Mtengo wa zakudya - zili ndi chakudya, mafuta ndi mapuloteni.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi - gulu lazinthu zopangira chakudya, pamaso pazomwe thupi limakwaniritsa zosowa zamunthu ndi mphamvu.
mavitamini, zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zimafunikira pang'ono pang'ono pazakudya za anthu komanso zinyama zambiri. Mavitamini nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zomera m'malo mwa nyama. Chosowa cha anthu tsiku ndi tsiku cha mavitamini ndi mamiligalamu ochepa kapena ma micrograms ochepa. Mosiyana ndi zinthu zopanda pake, mavitamini amawonongeka ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Mavitamini ambiri amakhala osakhazikika komanso "amatayika" pophika kapena pokonza chakudya.