Canada spruce

Canada spruce (Picea glauca) amadziwika kwa wamaluwa ngati spruce imvi kapena white spruce. Mayina awa akuwonetsa zachilendo za singano - pansi pake kuli ndi mtundu wa bluish-woyera. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya spruce yaku Canada ndi Konika. Komabe, malinga ndi nyengo, mitundu ina yambiri imakula bwino.

Dziko lakwawo la Canada spruce ndi North America, komwe mungapeze zitsanzo za zaka 300. Kuyang'ana mitundu yaying'ono ya spruce yaku Canada, yomwe imakula makamaka m'minda yathu, ndizovuta kuganiza kuti m'chilengedwe uwu ndi mtengo waukulu wa 25-35 m kutalika, ndipo umatha kukula ngakhale m'malo ovuta a Alaska (1) .

Mitundu ya spruce yaku Canada

Chilengedwe ndi zoyesayesa za obereketsa zapatsa wamaluwa zokongola zambiri, nthawi zina zazing'ono, mitengo ya Khrisimasi yokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a korona. Ambiri aiwo ndi masinthidwe a spruce wotchuka waku Canada, Konik. 

Mtundu wa singano za spruce waku Canada sikuti ndi bluish-buluu, komanso wobiriwira wobiriwira. Kukula kwakung'ono, singano zofewa zofewa, utoto wamitundu - izi zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri spruce waku Canada popanga mawonekedwe. 

Spruce waku Canada amamvanso bwino m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nyengo yachinyontho komanso malo owuma. Komabe, si onse omwe amakula bwino m'madera ambiri. Ndipo chifukwa si kwambiri mu chisanu, koma ofooka mphamvu kupirira kutentha kwa dzuwa m'nyengo yozizira ndi oyambirira masika.

Alberta Globe. Chomera chaching'ono mpaka 1 m kutalika ndi korona wozungulira mpaka 1,2 m mulitali, wokhala ndi singano zobiriwira zowala bwino. Sizimangowoneka ngati Konika, koma ndikusintha kwamitundu iyi. 

Kukana kwa chisanu kumakhala pafupifupi, kupirira chisanu mpaka -32 ° С. Imakula bwino m'malo adzuwa, koma ndi yabwino m'malo okhala ndi mthunzi wopepuka. Pamafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse ndi mulching wa makungwa a mitengo. 

Chomera choyenera cha coniferous m'minda yamwala kapena kukula m'mitsuko.

Echiniformis (Echiniformis). Imaonedwa kuti ndi mitundu yocheperako komanso yomwe imakula pang'onopang'ono: pofika zaka 30 imasapitilira 0,6 m kutalika ndi 1 mita m'mimba mwake. Korona ndi wozungulira, koma umakhala wosalala ndi nthawi, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amatchedwa pilo spruce. Singanozo ndi zoonda komanso zazifupi, zobiriwira-buluu.

Kukana kwa chisanu kumakhala pafupifupi, kupirira chisanu mpaka -32 ° С. Pamafunika malo owala, dothi lotayidwa bwino, kuthirira nthawi zonse ndi mulching kuzungulira mitengo ikuluikulu.

Chomera choyenera cha coniferous chaminda yamwala ndi ya heather, ma mixborders.

Mitundu iwiri iyi ndi Konika ndizodziwika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa, koma muyenera kulabadira ena:

• bluewonder) - wokhala ndi korona wopapatiza wamtundu wa bluish, akafika zaka 30 amafika kutalika pafupifupi 2 m, m'mimba mwake - 0,75 m; 
• Mapeto a Utawaleza (Mapeto a Utawaleza) - chomera chaching'ono chokhala ndi korona wooneka ngati kondomu mpaka 1 m kutalika ndi singano zobiriwira masika ndi chikasu chowala m'chilimwe;
• Sanders Blue (Sanders blue) - spruce yaying'ono yokhala ndi korona wooneka ngati cone 0,7 m kutalika ndi singano zabuluu;
• White Daisy - chomera chaching'ono chokhala ndi korona wowoneka bwino mpaka 1 m kutalika, singano zobiriwira zobiriwira, zobiriwira zachikasu zoyera zakukula kwatsopano;
• shugalofu - Chomera chokhala ndi korona wandiweyani wobiriwira wobiriwira, 1,5 m kutalika mpaka 0,8 m m'mimba mwake.

Kubzala spruce waku Canada 

Mitundu yonse ya spruce yaku Canada yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda imavutika kwambiri ndi dzinja komanso koyambirira kwa masika. Ndiye kuti, amafunikira shading. Komanso, shading yopangira sikupulumutsa nthawi zonse. Komabe, kubzala mumthunzi pang'ono, motetezedwa ndi mbewu zina za coniferous kapena zitsamba zowirira, kumabweretsa kuti singano zamitundu yotchuka kwambiri zimataya mtundu wawo wowala.

Choncho, tikamatera, tiyenera kuganizira mfundo zitatu:

• chizoloŵezi cha singano zachifundo kutentha - muyenera kupeza malo omwe zotsatira zowononga za dzuwa lowala zidzakhala zochepa;
• pafupifupi kukana chisanu kwa mitundu yambiri - malo otsetsereka ayenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira ya kumpoto;
• Mizu yamtundu wamtundu uwu wa spruce - m'madera ouma, kuthirira kumafunika. 

Posankha malo otsetsereka, ndikofunikira kukonzekera dzenje lofikira. Sichiyenera kukhala chachikulu kwambiri, chifukwa mbande za ku Canada za spruce zimagulitsidwa kokha ndi mizu yotsekedwa, ndiye kuti, m'mitsuko. Ndikokwanira kuti dzenje la dzenje ndi lalikulu 10 cm kuposa chikomokere. Komabe, kuya kuyenera kuchitidwa mochulukira kukonza ngalande pa dothi lolemera, ndikuwonjezera dongo pa dothi lopepuka.

Spruce imabzalidwa ndi mizu yotsekedwa nthawi yonse yofunda - kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala. Ndikofunikira kuthirira bwino mukabzala (chidebe 1 - 2 chamadzi pa mmera uliwonse) ndikuphimba dothi lozungulira thunthu ndi mulch wokhuthala 5 - 7 cm. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito khungwa, tchipisi tamatabwa kapena utuchi wakale wa conifers ngati mulch.

Samalani dothi mumtsuko - kukhalapo kwa mipira yamitundu yambiri kukuwonetsa kuti feteleza wanthawi yayitali amagwiritsidwa ntchito polima spruce. Choncho, ndikwanira kuyika chidebe chimodzi cha kompositi wokhwima bwino mu dzenje.

Mukabzala m'chaka chakum'mwera kwa mbande kwa masabata 1-2, amaika zothandizira ndi agronet yotambasula kuti atetezedwe ku kuwala kwa dzuwa. Mukabzala kumapeto kwa autumn, zothandizira zimayikidwa nthawi yomweyo kuti ziwongolere zotchinga zoteteza kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira. Pobisalirako kuyenera kuchitidwa pakadutsa zaka 3 mpaka 4 mutabzala.

Kusamalira spruce ku Canada

Kukula spruce waku Canada ndikosavuta komanso kosavuta. Chodetsa nkhaŵa chachikulu chiri m'zaka zoyambirira za 3-4 mutabzala: muyenera kukonzekera bwino zomera m'nyengo yozizira kuti zitetezedwe ku dzuwa. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito chimango chakumwera kwa mtengo, pomwe burlap, agro mesh kapena zinthu zopanda nsalu zimatambasulidwa. Kapena kumanga chomeracho ndi nthambi za spruce. Mfundo yofunikira: zida zophimba siziyenera kukhudzana ndi singano. 

Ndipo mu Okutobala ndikofunikira kupanga kuthirira kwamadzi.

Ground

Spruce yaku Canada imakonda dothi la loamy, lokhala ndi humus lokhala ndi acidic pang'ono. Dothi losauka komanso lowuma, komanso lonyowa kwambiri, limafunikira kukulitsa. Dongo limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa dothi louma, ndi ngalande pa nthaka yonyowa. Dothi la alkaline limafunikira feteleza wa acidifying.

Kuunikira

Makhalidwe okongoletsera a mitundu yambiri ya spruce ya ku Canada amawoneka mowala kwambiri, koma padzuwa lowala m'nyengo yozizira ndi masika, zomera zimavutika ndi kutentha - zimafunikira chitetezo m'nyengo yozizira. 

Kuthirira

Mizu yachiphamaso imafuna kuthirira pafupipafupi, koma kocheperako komanso kuthirira kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa chinyezi mu kugwa. Spruce yaku Canada imayankha bwino pakuthira ndi madzi: m'chilimwe ndikofunikira kuchita izi kamodzi pa sabata. 

Amateteza nthaka kuti isaume mulching ndi makungwa wosanjikiza wa 7 - 10 cm.

feteleza

Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kumadalira kuchuluka kwa chonde m'nthaka. Pa dothi lolimidwa bwino komanso lodzaza ndi humus, feteleza safunikira. Pa nthaka yachonde, mukabzala, ndikwanira kuwonjezera chidebe cha kompositi okhwima. 

Kudyetsa

Spruces safuna kuvala pamwamba. Komabe, m'chaka, zomera zowotchedwa ndi dzuwa zimafunika kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wapadera wa conifers. Kuti korona wokhudzidwayo ayambe kuchira, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa movutikira kumachitika, kusinthana kwa Epin (2) ndi Ferrovit.

Kuberekanso kwa spruce waku Canada 

Mitundu ya spruce yaku Canada imakula kuchokera ku cuttings. Iyi ndi bizinesi yovuta, yowawa komanso yayitali.

Zodulidwa zimatengedwa ku nthambi za m'munsi mwa mtengo kumapeto kwa March - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April pa tsiku lamitambo. Pali zinachitikira zabwino za rooting cuttings zotengedwa ku mitengo ya spruce mu theka loyamba la June. Kudula kuyenera kukhala ndi kutalika kwa 7 - 10 cm ndi chidendene (chidutswa cha khungwa la thunthu).

Kwa tsiku, zodulidwazo zimayikidwa mu njira yothetsera mizu (Heteroauxin). Ndikofunikira kuti chidendene chokha ndi 1 masentimita a m'munsi mwa kudula ndi yankho.

Zodulidwa zokonzedwa zimabzalidwa m'mabokosi odula kapena miphika ya munthu aliyense, kuzama pa ngodya ya 30 ° ndi 2-3 cm. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yopepuka, yothira bwino (onjezani mchenga wamtsinje). Miphikayo imakutidwa ndi botolo lagalasi, ndipo zodulidwazo zimakutidwa ndi pulasitiki. 

Mizu imatha kutenga miyezi 6 mpaka 12. Panthawi imeneyi, muyenera kutulutsa mpweya kamodzi patsiku, kuthirira nthaka nthawi yake kuti dothi likhale lonyowa nthawi zonse. Njira yabwino ndikuthirira mu pallets. Kawiri pamwezi, onjezani yankho la Heteroauxin kapena Kornevin m'madzi othirira.

Kukula, zodulidwa zimabzalidwa m'sukulu yokonzedwa pansi pa mitengo. Pakatha zaka 1 - 2, mbewu zitha kubzalidwa pamalo okhazikika.

Matenda a spruce aku Canada

Dzimbiri (spruce spinner). The causative wothandizila matenda ndi tizilombo bowa, amene angadziwike ndi ang'onoang'ono lalanje kutupa pa khungwa. Muzomera zomwe zakhudzidwa, singano zimasanduka zachikasu ndikugwa pakapita nthawi. 

Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, ndikofunikira kudula nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwa panthawi yake ndikuziwotcha pamodzi ndi singano zakugwa. Zomera zodwala ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi Hom (copper oxychloride) (2) kapena Rakurs.

Schütte (chipale chofewa chofiirira). Matendawa amawonekera mu kasupe, pamene chisanu chimasungunuka ndipo nthambi zokhala ndi singano zoyera zimawonekera. The causative wothandizira wa matenda mwachangu akufotokozera m'nyengo yozizira pa nthambi yokutidwa ndi matalala. 

Pochiza matendawa, mankhwala a Hom kapena Rakurs akulimbikitsidwa (2). 

Tracheomycosis (fusarium). Imawonekera pa spruces ngati chophimba chofiira pa singano, chomwe chimayamba kusanduka bulauni ndikugwa. 

Matendawa sangachiritsidwe, chifukwa bowa wa pathogenic amakhudza mizu. Ndikofunikira kukumba ndikuwotcha chomera chodwala munthawi yake kuti matendawa asapatsidwe kwa ma conifers ena m'munda. Nthaka imatetezedwa ndi Fundazol (2).

Tizilombo ta Canadian spruce

Spider mite. Tizilombo timeneti timasiya timadontho tachikasu pa singano, timaphimba nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi ma cobwebs ndikuyambitsa kukhetsa kwa singano.

Popeza nkhupakupa imapereka mibadwo isanu pa nyengo, ndikofunikira kupopera mbewu zomwe zili ndi kachilombo kasachepera kasanu, makamaka mosamala kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala Actellik, Antiklesch kapena Fitoverm. 

Spruce chishango chabodza. Masamba povutira ❖ kuyanika pa khungwa ndi singano achinyamata zomera, zimayambitsa kukhetsa browned singano ndi kupindika wa mphukira. 

Kuteteza zomera ku tizirombo izi, kukonzekera mwadongosolo Aktara ndi Konfidor amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Actara iyenera kuwazidwa osati pamitengo yokha, komanso pamitengo yamitengo.

Spruce sawfly. Tizilomboti timawononga mphutsi ndi mphutsi zomwe zimadya singanozo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofiirira ndi kukhetsedwa. 

Mankhwala a Pinocid ndiwothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi ma sawfly - amapopera korona ndikuthirira mitengo yamitengo.

Matenda a Coniferous. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono toyera kumbuyo. M’miyezi yotentha, yotentha, imachulukana mofulumira, kupangitsa kuti mphukira zodwala ziwoneke ngati zaphimbidwa ndi chisanu. Zotsatira zake, singano zimasanduka zachikasu ndikupiringa.

Pofuna kuthana ndi nyongolotsi, mankhwalawa Pinocid amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka

Tinafunsa za spruce waku Canada Agronomist Oleg Ispolatov - adayankha mafunso otchuka kwambiri a anthu okhala m'chilimwe.

Magwero a

1. Stupakova OM, Aksyanova T.Yu. Zopangidwa ndi zomera zosatha za herbaceous, zamtengo wapatali komanso zophuka m'matawuni // Coniferous boreal zone, 2013

   https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kompozitsii-iz-mnogoletnih-travyanistyh-drevesnyh-hvoynyh-i-listvennyh-rasteniy-v-ozelenenii-gorodov

2. Gulu la boma la mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi agrochemicals omwe amaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'gawo la Federation kuyambira pa Julayi 6, 2021 // Unduna wa Zaulimi wa Federation

   https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii-i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/