La cataract ndi chisokonezo cha masomphenya zomwe zimachitika pamene disolo, lens yaing'ono yowulungika ili kuseri kwa wophunzira, imataya Kuwonetsera.

pamene crystalline Mitambo imakhala yamtambo, kuwala kumafika ku retina bwino, zomwe zimafotokoza chifukwa chake kusawona bwino. Mawu akuti cataract adasankhidwa kuti afotokoze kumverera uku kwa kuyang'ana pamadzi (kuchokera ku Chilatini cataract, kutanthauza mathithi). Lens imagwira ntchito yofanana ndi cholinga cha kamera yojambula: kuyang'ana chithunzicho molingana ndi mtunda wa chinthu chomwe wawona. Lens imachita izi popindika kuti isinthe kupindika kwake.

Nthawi zambiri, ng'ala imapanga pang'onopang'ono, ndi okalamba. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mapangidwe a lens amasintha. Sitikudziwa chifukwa chake, koma lingaliro lalikulu ndiloti mapuloteni a lens amasinthidwa ndi ma radicals aulere, zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa mwachibadwa ndi thupi zomwe zimathandiza kuti ukalamba. Ma radicals aulere amasinthidwa pang'ono ndi ma antioxidants, omwe amachokera ku zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimadyedwa.

Cataract imayimira 3^e chifukwa cha khungu ku Canada. Zomwe zimayambitsa khungu - kuwonongeka kwa macular, glaucoma ndi ng'ala - nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi ukalamba.

Ndani akukhudzidwa?

kuchokera zaka 65, anthu ambiri ali ndi chiyambi cataract. Kuwoneka bwino kwa mandala sikubweretsa vuto lalikulu lowoneka ngati kukuchitika m'magulu ozungulira a lens.

Pambuyo pa zaka zaka 75, magawo awiri mwa atatu aliwonse a ku America ali ndi ng'ala yomwe ikupita patsogolo kuti isokoneze masomphenya awo. The kutaya masomphenya zimayamba kuipiraipira ndi ukalamba. Matenda a ng'ala amakhudza amuna ndi akazi.

mitundu

Pali mitundu ingapo ya ng'ala, yomwe zotsatirazi ndi zazikulu.

• Senile cataract. Matenda a ng'ala ambiri amapezeka mwa okalamba. Kukalamba kwabwinobwino kumatha kupangitsa kuti magalasi akhale owumitsidwa komanso kugwa kwa mitambo. Matenda a ng'ala okhudzana ndi zaka nthawi zambiri amakhudza diso limodzi kuposa linalo.
• Cataract yachiwiri. Matenda ena (makamaka shuga, ngati sanalamuliridwe bwino), kumwa mankhwala ena (mwachitsanzo, cortisone yotengedwa pakamwa), kapena kukhudzana ndi mlingo waukulu wa ma radiation kungayambitse ng'ala. Kuphatikiza apo, mutachitidwa opaleshoni yamaso kapena kukhala ndi vuto la maso (monga myopia, glaucoma kapena retinal detachment) zimakupangitsani kukhala pachiwopsezo cha ng'ala.
• Matenda a ng'ala. Zimachitika chifukwa cha kuvulala kwa diso komwe kumawononga mandala: kuwombera, kudula, kuwonetsa kutentha kwakukulu, kutentha kwa mankhwala, etc.
• Cataracts mwa ana. Matenda a ng'ala amatha kuyambira pobadwa, koma sichitikachitika. Zitha kutsagana ndi matenda obadwa nawo (mwachitsanzo, trisomy 21) kapena chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana kuchokera kwa mayi omwe amapatsira mwana wosabadwayo panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati, monga rubella, toxoplasmosis, genital herpes kapena syphilis.

Evolution

Liti'kusawona bwino amatsika mpaka kuletsa kwambiri ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku, ichi ndi chizindikiro chotheka cha ng'ala. Kawirikawiri, kutaya masomphenya kumeneku kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, kwa zaka zingapo. Komabe, nthawi zina zimachitika mofulumira (m'miyezi yochepa).

Pamene ng'ala ili patsogolo kwambiri, ndi wophunzira sichikuwonekanso chakuda, koma imvi kapena a zoyera zamkaka. Pakupita patsogolo, masomphenya amatha kungoyang'ana pakuwona kuwala.

Nthawi yofunsira?

La cataract nthawi zambiri amapezeka pa a mayeso amaso ndi ophthalmologist. Kusintha kulikonse kwa mawonekedwe a masomphenya kuyenera kuchititsa ophthalmologist.