Cavernoma ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ina yamagazi. Chochitika chofala kwambiri ndi cerebral cavernoma, kapena intracranial cavernoma. Nthawi zambiri sizimayambitsa zizindikiro zilizonse koma nthawi zina zingayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo mutu, khunyu ndi matenda a ubongo. Kuchita opaleshoni kungaganizidwe pazochitika zovuta kwambiri.

Tanthauzo la cavernoma

Cavernoma, kapena cavernous angioma, ndi vuto la mitsempha lomwe limapezeka makamaka m'katikati mwa mitsempha. Chotsatiracho chimapangidwa ndi ubongo, cerebellum ndi ubongo zomwe zimadutsa mumsana kupita ku msana. Kuonetsetsa kuti dongosololi likugwira ntchito, limadyetsedwa ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Nthawi zina ina mwa mitsempha ya magazi imeneyi imakhala ndi vuto linalake. Amakula ndikumangirira mosadziwika bwino ngati timitsempha tating'ono, "mapanga" kapena ma cavernomas.

Chowonadi, cavernoma imawoneka ngati mpira wamitsempha yaying'ono. Maonekedwe ake onse amatha kukumbukira rasipiberi kapena mabulosi akutchire. Kukula kwa cavernomas kumatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera mamilimita angapo mpaka ma centimita angapo.

Mawu achipatala akuti "cavernoma" nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi cerebral cavernoma yomwe imakhala yofala kwambiri. Palinso zochitika zina zapadera monga medullary cavernoma yomwe imapezeka mu msana, ndi portal cavernoma yomwe imapezeka kunja kwa dongosolo la mitsempha.

Zifukwa za cavernoma

Chiyambi cha cavernomas sichikudziwikabe mpaka pano. Komabe zinthu zina zatulukira m’zaka zaposachedwapa. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wapangitsa kuti zitheke kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ya cerebral cavernomas:

• mtundu wa banja womwe ungakhale chifukwa cha kusintha kwa chibadwa cha majini atatu (CCM1, CCM2 ndi CCM3), idzayimira 20% ya milandu ndipo zingayambitse kukhalapo kwa ma cavernoma angapo omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha zovuta;
• mawonekedwe apang'onopang'ono, kapena osati achibale, omwe samapereka zochitika zapabanja ndipo amabweretsa cavernoma imodzi yokha.

Kuzindikira kwa Cavernoma

Kukhalapo kwa cerebral cavernoma kumadziwika pa zotsatira za kufufuza kwa magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Katswiri wazachipatala atha kuyitanitsa angiogram kuti awone mitsempha yamagazi ndi kuyesa kwa majini kuti atsimikizire komwe kunachokera.

Kupezeka kwa cavernoma nthawi zambiri kumachitika mwangozi chifukwa cholakwikacho sichidziwika. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, milandu yambiri ya cavernomas imapita mosadziwika.

Anthu okhudzidwa ndi cavernoma

Cerebral cavernoma ikhoza kuchitika mwa amuna ndi akazi pa msinkhu uliwonse, ngakhale kuti imawoneka nthawi zambiri pakati pa zaka zapakati pa 20 ndi 40.

Chiwerengero cha milandu ya cavernoma ndizovuta kulingalira, chifukwa chosowa zizindikiro nthawi zambiri. Malinga ndi maphunziro angapo, cerebral cavernomas imakhudza pafupifupi 0,5% ya anthu wamba. Amayimira pakati pa 5% ndi 10% ya zolakwika zaubongo.

Mu 90% ya milandu, palibe zizindikiro zomwe zimawonedwa. Cavernoma nthawi zambiri imakhala yosazindikirika kwa moyo wonse. Zimapezeka mwangozi pamayeso a maginito a resonance imaging (MRI).

Nthawi zina, cerebral cavernoma imatha kuwonekera makamaka ndi:

• khunyu, ndi mwayi wapakati pa 40 ndi 70%;
• matenda a minyewa ndi mwayi wapakati pa 35 ndi 50%, womwe ungakhale makamaka chizungulire, masomphenya awiri, kuwonongeka kwadzidzidzi komanso kusokonezeka kwamalingaliro;
• mutu ndi mwayi wa 10-30%;
• mawonetseredwe ena monga maonekedwe a mawanga ofiira pakhungu.

Kutaya magazi ndiye chiopsezo chachikulu cha cavernoma. Nthawi zambiri, magazi amakhala mkati mwa cavernoma. Komabe, zimatha kuchitika kunja kwa cavernoma ndikuyambitsa kukha magazi muubongo.

Njira zopewera

Ngati palibe zizindikiro zomwe zimapezeka ndipo palibe chiopsezo cha zovuta zomwe zadziwika, njira zodzitetezera zimatengedwa. Izi ndi kupewa kugwedezeka m'mutu komanso kuwongolera kayendedwe ka magazi. Mankhwala ochepetsa magazi atha kuperekedwa.

Symptomatic mankhwala

Zikachitika zizindikiro, mankhwala akhoza kuperekedwa kuti athetse. Mwachitsanzo :

• mankhwala odana ndi khunyu ngati khunyu;
• oletsa kupweteka kwa mutu.

Neurosurgery

Njira yokhayo yothetsera cavernoma ndi opaleshoni. Kuchita opaleshoni yayikuluyi kumangoganiziridwa muzochitika zovuta kwambiri.

Mafilimu

Njira iyi ya radiotherapy imatha kuganiziridwa ngati ma cavernomas ochepa kwambiri komanso / kapena osagwira ntchito. Zimatengera kugwiritsa ntchito mtengo wa radiation molunjika ku cavernoma.

Chiyambi cha cavernomas sichikudziwikabe. Nkhani zambiri zimanenedwa kuti zili ndi chibadwa. Ndipotu palibe njira yodzitetezera yomwe ingakhazikitsidwe.