Mkaka wa ng'ombe ndi chakudya chabwino kwambiri… Kwa ana a ng'ombe
“Zamkaka ndi chakudya choyenera kuchokera ku chilengedwe chokha - koma ngati uli mwana wa ng'ombe.
Kuchokera ku lingaliro lachisinthiko, kumwerekera kwa anthu ku mkaka wa mitundu ina ndi chodabwitsa chosamvetsetseka. Ngakhale kumwa mkaka wa tsiku ndi tsiku kumawoneka ngati chinthu chachilengedwe komanso chosalakwa. Komabe, ngati mutayang'ana kuchokera ku biology, zikuwonekeratu kuti chilengedwe cha amayi sichinakonzekere kugwiritsa ntchito "chakumwa" ichi.
Tinangoyamba kuweta ng’ombe zaka zikwi khumi zapitazo. N’zosadabwitsa kuti m’kanthaŵi kochepa chonchi, matupi athu sanazoloŵere kugayidwa kwa mkaka wa mtundu wachilendo. Mavuto amadza makamaka ndi kukonza kwa lactose, chakudya chomwe chimapezeka mu mkaka. M'thupi, "shuga wamkaka" umaphwanyidwa kukhala sucrose ndi galactose, ndipo kuti izi zitheke, enzyme yapadera, lactase, imafunika. Chomwe chikuchititsa n’chakuti enzyme imeneyi imasiya kupangidwa mwa anthu ambiri azaka zapakati pa ziwiri ndi zisanu. Tsopano zatsimikiziridwa kuti pafupifupi 75% ya anthu padziko lapansi ali ndi vuto la lactose tsankho (2).
Musaiwale kuti mkaka wa nyama iliyonse ndinazolowera zosowa za ana a mosamalitsa enieni kwachilengedwenso mitundu. Mkaka wa mbuzi ndi wa ana, mkaka wa mphaka ndi wa ana agalu, wa agalu ndi wa ana a ng’ombe. Mwa njira, ana a ng'ombe pa kubadwa amalemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 45, pa nthawi yosiya kuyamwa kuchokera kwa amayi, mwana wa ng'ombe amalemera kale kasanu ndi katatu. Chifukwa chake, mkaka wa ng'ombe umakhala ndi mapuloteni ndi michere yambiri kuwirikiza katatu kuposa mkaka wamunthu. Komabe, ngakhale kuti mkaka wa mayi uli ndi thanzi labwino, ana a ng’ombe omwewo amasiya kuumwa akafika msinkhu winawake. N’chimodzimodzinso ndi nyama zina zoyamwitsa. Mu nyama, mkaka ndi chakudya cha ana okha. Pamene anthu amamwa mkaka moyo wawo wonse, zomwe ziri zosemphana ndi zochitika zachilengedwe.
Zonyansa mu mkaka
Chifukwa cha kutsatsa, tazolowera chithunzi cha ng'ombe yosangalala ikudya mwamtendere m'dambo. Komabe, ndi anthu ochepa chabe amene amaganiza kuti chithunzi chokongolachi chili kutali ndi chenicheni. Mafamu a mkaka nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zapamwamba kwambiri kuti awonjezere "mavoliyumu opanga".
Mwachitsanzo, ng'ombe imalowetsedwa mwachisawawa, chifukwa m'mabizinesi akuluakulu zingakhale zofunikira kwambiri kukonza misonkhano yachinsinsi ndi ng'ombe ya ng'ombe iliyonse. Pambuyo pa ng'ombe, amapereka mkaka, pafupifupi, kwa miyezi 10, pambuyo pake nyamayo imalowetsedwanso mwachisawawa ndipo kuzungulira konseko kumabwerezedwanso. Izi zimachitika kwa zaka 4-5, zomwe ng'ombe imakhala ndi pakati komanso kubereka kowawa (3). Pa nthawi yomweyi, nthawi yonseyi, chiweto chimapereka mkaka wochuluka kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira m'chilengedwe podyetsa mwana. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa chakuti pafamu nyama zimapatsidwa mankhwala apadera a mahomoni, recombinant bovine kukula hormone (rBGH). Ikatengedwera m'thupi la munthu kudzera mu mkaka wa ng'ombe, timadzi timeneti timathandizira kupanga puloteni yotchedwa insulin-like growth factor-1, yomwe imakhala yochuluka kwambiri imatha kuyambitsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa (4). Malinga ndi kunena kwa Dr. Samuel Epstein wa American Cancer Society: “Mwakumwa mkaka wokhala ndi rBGH (recombinant bovine kukula hormone), kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mlingo wa IGF-1 m’mwazi kungayembekezeredwe, kumene kungawonjezere ngozi ya kudwala kansa ya m’mawere ndi zithandizira kuwononga kwake” (5) .
Komabe, kuwonjezera pa kukula kwa hormone, zizindikiro za maantibayotiki nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mu mkaka mu mayesero a labotale. Kupatula apo, njira yokhayo yopezera mkaka ndi nkhanza zankhanza pamafakitale. Masiku ano, kukama kumaphatikizapo kulumikiza chipangizo chapadera chokhala ndi vacuum pump ku mabere a ng'ombe. Kukama mkaka mosalekeza kumachititsa mastitis ndi matenda ena opatsirana m'ng'ombe. Pofuna kuletsa kutupa, nyama nthawi zambiri zimabayidwa ndi maantibayotiki, omwenso samasowa kwathunthu panthawi ya pasteurization (6).
Zinthu zina zowopsa zomwe zapezeka mumkaka nthawi ina ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ma dioxin, ngakhale melamine, zomwe sizingathetsedwe ndi pasteurization. Zowopsazi sizimachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo m'thupi ndipo zimawononga ziwalo za mkodzo, komanso chitetezo chamthupi ndi mantha.
Mafupa athanzi?
Poyankha funso la zomwe zikuyenera kuchitika kuti mafupa akhale athanzi, dokotala aliyense anganene mosaganizira mozama kuti: "Imwani mkaka wambiri!". Komabe, ngakhale kutchuka kwa mkaka m'madera athu, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akudwala matenda osteoporosis chikukula chaka chilichonse. Malinga ndi tsamba lovomerezeka la Russian Osteoporosis Association, mphindi iliyonse ku Russian Federation pali ma 17 ovulala kwambiri mafupa chifukwa cha kufooka kwa mafupa, mphindi 5 zilizonse - kusweka kwa proximal femur, ndipo pafupifupi 9 miliyoni kuchipatala. kusweka kwakukulu chifukwa cha matenda osteoporosis pachaka (7).
Pakalipano palibe umboni uliwonse wosonyeza kuti mkaka uli ndi zotsatira zabwino pa thanzi la mafupa. Komanso, m'zaka zapitazi, kafukufuku wambiri wachitika kutsimikizira kuti kumwa mkaka, kwenikweni, sikukhudza mphamvu ya mafupa mwanjira iliyonse. Chimodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri ndi Harvard Medical Study, yomwe idaphatikizapo maphunziro pafupifupi 78 ndipo idatenga zaka 12. Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti anthu omwe amamwa mkaka wochulukirapo amakhalanso ndi matenda osteoporosis, monganso omwe amamwa mkaka pang'ono kapena osamwa konse (8).
Thupi lathu nthawi zonse limatulutsa kashiamu yakale, kutaya mafupa ndikusintha ndi zatsopano. Chifukwa chake, kuti mukhalebe ndi thanzi la mafupa, ndikofunikira kukhalabe ndi "zopereka" zamtunduwu m'thupi nthawi zonse. Chofunikira cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha calcium ndi 600 milligrams - izi ndizokwanira thupi. Kuti mukwaniritse izi, malinga ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, muyenera kumwa magalasi 2-3 a mkaka patsiku. Komabe, pali magwero a kashiamu omwe ali opanda vuto. “Mkaka ndi mkaka si gawo lovomerezeka lazakudya ndipo, nthawi zambiri, zimatha kusokoneza thanzi. Ndi bwino kupatsa zomwe mumakonda ku chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chomwe chimayimiridwa ndi chimanga, zipatso, masamba, nyemba ndi zakudya zokhala ndi vitamini, kuphatikizapo chimanga cham'mawa ndi timadziti. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, mutha kudzaza kufunikira kwa calcium, potaziyamu, riboflavin popanda kuwopsa kwa thanzi komwe kumakhudzana ndi kumwa mkaka, "amalimbikitsa madokotala patsamba lawo lovomerezeka kuchokera ku gulu la othandizira zakudya zopangira mbewu (9 ).