M'nthawi yamakono, chokoleti yotentha inkaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa zakumwa zodula kwambiri ku Ulaya; ndi maonekedwe ake kuti mwambo wotumikira chikho pa mbale yapadera umagwirizana, kuti musatayike dontho la madzi amtengo wapatali. Koko amapangidwa kuchokera ku mbewu za mtengo wa dzina lomwelo, wa banja la mallow, wobadwira kumadera otentha ku America. Amwenye adagwiritsa ntchito chakumwa ichi kuyambira zaka chikwi zoyamba AD, Aaztec amachiwona kuti ndi chopatulika, chokhala ndi zinthu zachinsinsi. Kuwonjezera pa mbewu za kakao, chimanga, vanila, tsabola wambiri wotentha ndi mchere zinawonjezeredwa m'madzi panthawi yophika, kuwonjezera apo, anali ataledzera ozizira. Munali m'mapangidwe awa omwe Azungu oyambirira, ogonjetsa, adalawa chakumwa ichi - "chokoleti".
Mu continental Europe, koko anadza kulawa olemekezeka, Spain anali wolamulira kugawira kwa nthawi yaitali, koma posakhalitsa anaonekera mu France, Great Britain ndi mayiko ena. M'kupita kwa nthawi, teknoloji yopanga koko yasintha kwambiri: m'malo mwa mchere, tsabola ndi chimanga, anayamba kuwonjezera uchi, sinamoni ndi vanila. Ophika omwe ankapanga chokoleti posakhalitsa anazindikira kuti kwa Mzungu chakumwa choterechi chimakhala chozizira kuposa kuzizira, anayamba kuwonjezera mkaka kapena kutsanulira madzi. Komabe, zopatsa chidwi kwambiri zidapezeka mkati mwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, pomwe Mdatchi Konrad van Houten adatha kufinya batala kuchokera ku ufa wa koko pogwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira, ndipo zotsalira zake zidasungunuka m'madzi. Kuonjezera mafutawa ku ufa kunapanga chokoleti cholimba. Tekinolojeyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka pano popanga mitundu yonse ya chokoleti cholimba.
Ponena za chakumwa chokha, pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu:
Chokoleti chotentha... Pamene kuphika, Sungunulani wokhazikika slab, kuwonjezera mkaka, sinamoni, vanila, ndiye kumenya mpaka thovu ndi kutumikira ang'onoang'ono makapu, nthawi zina ndi kapu ya madzi ozizira. Chokoleti nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa m'malesitilanti ndi m'malesitilanti.
Chakumwa cha cocoa zopangidwa ndi ufa. Monga lamulo, amapangidwa mu mkaka, koma nthawi zina amangosungunuka ngati khofi ya granulated mu mkaka womwewo kapena madzi ofunda kunyumba.
Chilichonse chopangidwa ndi koko, kaya chokoleti cholimba kapena chakumwa cham'mawa, chimakhala ndi kuphatikiza kwapadera kwa zinthu zofunika m'thupi, makamaka antidepressants zachilengedwe: serotonin, tryptophan ndi phenylethylamine. Zinthuzi zimathandizira dongosolo lamanjenje, kuthetsa mphwayi, kumverera kwa nkhawa yowonjezereka, ndikuwonjezera ntchito zamaganizidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, cocoa imakhala ndi antioxidants epicatechin ndi polyphenols, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukalamba komanso kupanga chotupa. Mwachiwerengero, 15 magalamu a chokoleti ali ndi ma antioxidants ofanana ndi maapulo asanu ndi limodzi kapena malita atatu amadzi alalanje. Kafukufuku waposachedwa ndi asayansi a Münster atsimikizira kukhalapo kwa koko kwa zinthu zomwe zimalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa khungu komanso kulimbikitsa machiritso a mabala ang'onoang'ono, kusalaza makwinya. Cocoa imakhala yolemera kwambiri mu magnesium, imakhala ndi potaziyamu, calcium, sodium, iron, mavitamini B1, B2, PP, provitamin A, imathandiza kuti ntchito ya mtima ikhale yokhazikika, imawonjezera kusungunuka kwa mitsempha ya magazi.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuwonjezera pa zinthu zothandiza m'thupi, mbewu za zomerazi zimakhala ndi mafuta oposa 50%, pafupifupi 10% shuga ndi saccharides, choncho, kumwa kwambiri chokoleti kungayambitse kunenepa kwambiri. Chakumwa chopangidwa kuchokera ku ufa wa cocoa sichikhala chowopsa kwambiri: mafuta ambiri amakhala mumafuta ndipo amachoka ndikuchotsa. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa koko ndi mkaka wa skim ndiko maziko a zakudya zambiri, chifukwa, kumbali imodzi, zimakwaniritsa zosowa za thupi kuti zifufuze, ndipo kumbali ina, zimapangitsa khungu ndi mitsempha ya magazi kukhala yotanuka kwambiri, yomwe imapulumutsa munthu. zotsatira zosasangalatsa za kuwonda mofulumira: mitsempha, makutu, mawanga pa khungu , kuwonongeka kwa thanzi. Kuletsa zakudya zophatikizidwa ndi kumwa pang'ono kwa koko kumalimbikitsa kugwira ntchito kwaubongo.
Mtsogoleri wapadziko lonse pamalonda a cocoa ndi Venezuela, mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ndi Criolo ndi Forastero. "Cryolo" ndi chakumwa chodziwika bwino kwambiri, sichimva kuwawa komanso acidity, kukoma kwake kofewa kumaphatikizidwa ndi fungo labwino la chokoleti. Forastero ndi mitundu yofala kwambiri padziko lapansi, makamaka chifukwa cha zokolola zake zambiri, koma imakhala ndi kukoma kowawa komanso kowawasa, kutchulidwa mochulukira kutengera njira yopangira.