Batala wa kakao - kufotokoza. Zaumoyo ndi zovulaza

Kufotokozera

Batala wa koko ndi mafuta achilengedwe, achilengedwe omwe mulibe zowonjezera. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku mbewu za nyemba za koko zomwe zimamera pamtengo wa chokoleti wobadwira ku South America. Zinthu zatsopano m'mbiri ya anthu zidayamba kuzindikirika msanga. Zowonadi, kokha kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19, atapanga makina osindikizira, adaphunzira momwe angatengere.

Ndipo ngakhale pambuyo pake, asayansi adapeza mikhalidwe yamtengo wapatali ya batala wa cocoa wachilengedwe, omwe ali ndi zida zoposa 300 zamankhwala komanso zopindulitsa. Sizachabe kuti mtengo wa chokoleti, womwe udapezeka m'zaka za zana la 16, umatchedwa "chakudya cha milungu". Asayansi amati batala wachilengedwe chokooko amathandizira thupi la munthu.

Kudziwa za momwe zimapangidwira, kapangidwe kake komanso njira zake zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ndizosangalatsa ndipo, zedi, zitha kukhala zothandiza m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, chifukwa akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi.

Mbiri ya batala wa koko

Kupezeka kwa America kudalola azungu kuti adziwane ndi unyinji wa zomera zomwe sizikudziwika komanso zosasinthika lero. Umodzi mwa mitengoyo unali mtengo wa koko. Ogonjetsa omwe adabwera kumaiko a Aztec adadabwitsidwa osati ndi kuchuluka kwa golide m'nyumba zachifumu zazikulu, komanso chifukwa chakuti nyemba za koko, zachilendo kwa azungu, zimawerengedwa ngati ndalama kuno.

M'nkhokwe za nyumba yachifumuyo munapezeka matumba zikwi makumi anayi a nyemba, zomwe zinali zotheka kugula akapolo kapena ziweto.

Atafika ku Ulaya, koko inayamba kutchuka, ndipo akapolo m'minda ya ku South America anasonkhanitsa zipatso za anthu otchuka ku Spain ndi ku France. Minda ikukula osati ku South America kokha, komanso ku Africa.

Anthu aku Europe adayamba kukonda chakumwa cha atsogoleri aku India, adabwera ndi lingaliro lowonjezera shuga ku koko, koma china chake chidasokoneza okonda koko ambiri. Ophikawo akangotenthetsa nyemba zodzazidwa ndi madzi, mabwalo a mafuta ankayandama pamwamba.

Mafuta odabwitsa a masamba omwe amasunga kununkhira kosangalatsa adachotsedwa, ndipo ataziziritsa amakhala olimba komanso ofanana kwambiri ndi sopo.

Kufunika kwa chokoleti chamadzimadzi kunakula mwachangu, omanga adayesera kupanga chokoleti chovuta, koma zinali zosatheka kupanga mafakitale mpaka Konrad van Houten mu 1825 asagwiritse ntchito kutentha kokha, komanso kukakamiza kuti mafutawo asiyanitsidwe. Chidziwitsochi chidakhala chopambana, ndipo patatha zaka zitatu wopanga adavomereza makina osindikizira a hydraulic.

Zinapezeka kuti posankha kupanga ufa wopanda mafuta pachakumwa pamtsinje, van Houten adapatsa dziko lapansi chinthu chamtengo wapatali kwambiri - batala wa koko.

Kupanga kumeneku kunali kosintha, chifukwa makina osindikizira adapangitsa kuti athe kupeza mafuta, omwe posakhalitsa adakhala ofunika kwambiri kuposa ufa womwe umapezeka nthawi yomweyo, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chakumwa. Kuphatikiza kwa batala wa cocoa 30-40% kunasandutsa ufawo kukhala mipiringidzo yolimba - chokoleti chamakono.

Pakati pa zaka za zana la 19 ku Ulaya, kupanga batala wa koko kunali kofala, ndipo ku America wogulitsa Girardelli adapeza njira yake mu 1860. Akutenga nyemba kuchokera ku Peru kupita ku United States, adazindikira kuti nyemba zapansi mafuta mpaka nsalu ya thumba lachitsulo. Njira yojambulira idalinso yovomerezeka, koma njira ya van Houten idakhala yopindulitsa kwambiri komanso yolimba.

Ndiyamika izi, koko ndi chokoleti kale anasiya kukhala chakudya chokoma kwa anthu okha korona, ndi koko mafuta ntchito osati mu chakudya, komanso mankhwala ndi cosmetology.

Awiri mwa magawo atatu azinthu zomwe zidapangidwa padziko lapansi pano sizipangidwa ku India, koma mdera la Africa, mwachitsanzo ku Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria ndi Cameroon.

Kuwonekera batala wa koko

Natural batala wa cocoa amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ake owala achikaso, oterera, fungo la mkaka wokhala ndi chokoleti. Kapangidwe kazomwe zimapangidwazo ndi kovuta komanso kosweka, kamasungunuka mosavuta pamatenthedwe opitilira 32 C. Mafutawo amasungunuka kwathunthu komanso msanga, polumikizana ndi thupi la munthu, komanso mkamwa, osasiya zakumwa zotsalira.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi m'malo onse azakudya ndi zodzikongoletsera. Koko batala ndi wachilengedwe komanso wotayika. Mafuta osungunuka, mosiyana ndi mafuta achilengedwe, alibe fungo, amapangidwa mwanjira ina. Mukamatsuka, ndikuphatikizira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, mankhwalawo sataya zinthu zofunikira.

Kapangidwe kake ndi thanzi la batala wa koko

Koko batala ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri komanso chofunikira kwambiri pa nyemba za koko. Amakhala osakaniza mafuta zidulo. Mafuta okhuta amapanga 57-64%, mafuta osakwaniritsidwa 46-33%.

Zolemba zake zikuphatikizapo:

• arachidonic acid: amateteza thupi ku zomera ndi mabakiteriya owopsa;
• asidi a stearic: ali ndi mphamvu yolimba;
• palmitic ndi lauric ndi zidulo: ali ndi chinyezi komanso machiritso;
• linoleic acid: amadyetsa tsitsi ndi khungu;
• oleic acid: ndi antioxidant wamphamvu;
• amino zidulo;
• mavitamini A, B, F, C ndi E;
• mchere: chitsulo, magnesium, potaziyamu, ayodini, zinki, calcium, chromium, etc.
• kalori 900 kcal pa 100 g;
• Theobromine mankhwala ndi mankhwala achilengedwe.
• Zomwe zimapangidwazo ndizokhazikika pamankhwala, zomwe sizingatengeke ndi njira zowonjezera, zimathandizira kukulitsa moyo wa chinthu chilichonse, ndikugwiritsa ntchito.

Muli phenyltylamine, chinthu chotchedwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Phenyltylamine ndi ofanana ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka mwa munthu wachikondi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake chokoleti amatchedwa "hormone yosangalala". Ndipo chifukwa cha nyemba za koko ndi batala wake.

Mitundu ndi mitundu

Mafuta a cocoa osaphika ali ndi fungo labwino la "chokoleti". Ngati kuli kofunikira kuchotsa fungo lachilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, kuti muwonjezere chinthu ku chokoleti choyera, imathandizidwa ndi nthunzi m'malo opumira.
Nthawi yomweyo, mafuta osungunuka sataya phindu lake, ndipo njirayo imatchedwa deodorization.

Nyemba zabwino zimakhala ndi 50% yamafuta. Mukapanikizika, mankhwalawo ndi madzi owoneka bwino, koma amawuma mwachangu ngakhale kutentha. Mukamaliza, batala ndi wachikasu wowala kapena wowawasa ndipo amawoneka ngati sopo wonunkhira. Mutha kusungunula batala wa cocoa potenthetsa kutentha kwa thupi.

Makhalidwe amenewa amasiyanitsa mafuta achilengedwe odula ndi omwe analowa m'malo mwake.

Makhalidwe akulawa

Batala wa koko ndi mafuta olimba a masamba omwe ali ndi beige wonyezimira kapena wonyezimira. Ngakhale kulimba kwake, mafuta amatha kuwonongeka komanso kusungunuka. Poterepa, mtundu wake umasintha, kukhala wotumbululuka, wotuwa kapena kuyera kwathunthu.

Zipangizo zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zimapatsa batala kununkhira kwa nyemba zokazinga. Mukasungunuka, batala limasungunuka osasiya mafuta osasangalatsa.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, mafutawo ndi a polymorphic, ndiye kuti, akaulimbitsa, amatha kupanga mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yamakristalo. Izi zikuwonetsedwa pamikhalidwe yakulawa kwa mankhwala. Omwe amawotcha amadziona ngati makhiristo amtundu wa "beta" kukhala abwino kwambiri.

Chokoleti chamtunduwu chimakhala chovuta nthawi zonse, koma chimakhalabe ndi mawonekedwe ake. Pamwamba pa matailowo pamakhala wonyezimira wopanda ma depos kapena mafuta.

Tsoka ilo, chifukwa chamtengo wokwera wamafuta achilengedwe, lero mutha kupeza m'malo mwake - mafuta azamasamba omwe ali ndi zinthu zofananira, koma amasiyana kotheratu ndi asidi.

Amachepetsa kwambiri mtengo wama confectionery, koma mafuta oterewa alibe phindu lililonse, ndipo kukoma kwazakudya kumachepa pang'ono.

Zothandiza katundu wa koko mafuta

• Imathandizira ntchito yamaselo amitsempha (theobromine substance).
• Amapereka magazi athunthu.
• Imalimbitsa chitetezo chamthupi (mavitamini A, E, C).
• Amathandizira kuthana ndi matenda amtundu.
• Ili ndi katundu woyembekezera.
• Amatha kuphimba minofu yotupa ndikuchepetsa ululu.
• Zimakhudza thupi lonse. Ili ndi katundu wa tonic. Kutikita minofu yonse pogwiritsa ntchito batala wa koko kumathandiza
• Amachiritsa mabala ndi kuwotcha (ngakhale pang'ono).
• Amachepetsa mafuta m'thupi.
• Imalimbikitsa ntchito ya ubongo, imawonjezera zochitika zamaganizidwe.
• Imasintha dongosolo la endocrine.
• Amalimbikitsa kuchepa thupi poletsa chilakolako. Iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito muyezo, chifukwa imakhala ndi ma calories ambiri.
• Amachiza zotupa ndi ming'alu yamavuto anus. Makamaka zothandiza pakawonjezeka kwa matendawa.
• Amathandiza ndi chikanga ndi matenda a mafangasi.
• Zimachotsa kutambasula pambuyo pobereka ndi ming'alu ya m'mawere mukamadyetsa.
• Imalimbitsa tsitsi, imachotsa malekezero ogawanika.
• Imachepetsa makwinya. Amatsitsimutsa khungu la nkhope ndi thupi.

Koko batala mu cosmetology

Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta azamasamba opanga zodzoladzola kwakhala chinthu chosatsimikizika. Kafukufuku wambiri wokhudzana ndi batala wa cocoa wasonyeza kuti mankhwalawa amatha kusintha khungu lathu (makamaka loperewera, louma komanso losalala) ndi tsitsi.

Koko batala limakhala lothandiza kwambiri pakhungu nthawi yozizira yophukira komanso nyengo yachisanu, pomwe mpweya wouma komanso wachisanu umawumitsa madzi. Cocoa nyemba batala thupi limafewetsa bwino khungu ndi kufewetsa khungu, kulowa mkati mwamaselo, kupangitsa khungu kukhala lolimba, losalala, lotanuka ndikulidyetsa ndi michere.

Koko batala kumaso

Chogulitsachi chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu amtundu uliwonse wa khungu. Kwa eni khungu louma, akatswiri amalangiza kuti azitumiza kumaso (pambuyo poyeretsa), makamaka usiku.

Kuphatikiza, khungu labwinobwino ndi mafuta, limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati poyambira kirimu kapena ngati chomera chokha. Palibe njira imodzi komanso yolondola yogwiritsira ntchito mafuta.

Koma pali malingaliro ochokera kwa cosmetologists: batala wa koko ndi gwero lolemera la antioxidants ndi zotulutsa mafuta. Gwiritsani ntchito tomwe timaphatikizira ndi zokutira mafuta kuti muwonjezere chinyezi chakumaso ndi madzi abwino kwambiri.

Mtundu wowuma kapena wophatikizika:

Chotsani nkhope: sakanizani supuni ziwiri za batala wosungunuka ndi supuni ya uchi, supuni ziwiri za oatmeal ndi ma walnuts odulidwa. Thirani chisakanizocho kumaso konyowa, sisitani nkhopeyo kwa mphindi zochepa, kenako nadzatsuka ndi madzi.

Chigoba chopatsa thanzi: Sakanizani supuni 2 za parsley wonyezimira ndi batala wosalala wa cocoa, ikani nkhope, gwirani kwa mphindi 30, kenako muzimutsuka ndi madzi.
Khungu lokalamba

Sakanizani supuni ya mafuta amphesa, madzi a aloe (supuni), batala wosalala wa cocoa (supuni ya tiyi). Ikani pankhope kwa mphindi 10-15 ndikutsuka ndi madzi osiyana (ofunda ndi ozizira). Chigoba chake chimagwira ntchito yabwino kwambiri yothira khungu ndikubwezeretsanso khungu;

Chigoba cha nkhope: batala wa koko, uchi wamadzi, madzi a karoti (chilichonse chosakaniza - supuni imodzi), madzi a mandimu (madontho 10) ndi 1 yolk mix, perekani pang'ono pamaso kwa mphindi 15. Chigoba chitatsukidwa, pukutani nkhope yanu ndi kyubu.

Khungu lamafuta

Kirimu yokometsera yokha ili ndi izi: Sakanizani zokonzekera za kirimu wina ndi mzake ndikuyika mumtsuko wagalasi, sungani m'malo amdima.

Chigoba chopatsa thanzi chosakanikirana: sakanizani supuni imodzi ya batala wa cocoa, mkaka wosungunuka ndi msuzi uliwonse wazipatso wina ndi mnzake ndikupaka pankhope. Mutagwira chigoba kwa mphindi 15, tsukani ndi madzi.

Upangiri wa cosmetologist: malonda ake ndiwonse. Musaope kuzigwiritsa ntchito limodzi ndi mafuta ndi zitsamba zofunika zomwe mukuzidziwa. Gwiritsani ntchito kutsitsimutsa khosi, chotsani mapazi a khwangwala, mabwalo amdima pansi pamaso. Limbikitsani nsidze zanu ndi nsidze.

Koko batala wa tsitsi

Chigoba chokonzekera chimathandizira kulimbikitsa tsitsi, lomwe limaphatikizapo: rosemary (supuni 2) ndi batala wosungunuka wa cocoa (supuni 3). Rosemary iyenera kulowetsedwa m'madzi otentha kwa maola awiri. Chovalacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsitsi kwa maola awiri, yokutidwa ndi thumba la pulasitiki ndi chopukutira. Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito chigoba chachipatala kawiri pa sabata.

Chigoba chosamalira tsitsi

Zosakaniza: batala wa kakao, burdock, rosemary ndi ginger, burdock, violet, oregano, rosehip, chamomile, calendula akupanga, mafuta a mizu ya calamus, cognac. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa, kusamalira tsitsi, kulimbikitsa mizu ya tsitsi ndikupewa kutayika kwa tsitsi.

Chifukwa chakuchepa kwa batala wa koko, chigoba chimakutira tsitsi, chimalepheretsa malekezero kuti agawanika, nthawi yomweyo chimabwezeretsa tsitsi lowonongeka. Gwiritsani ntchito kamodzi kapena kawiri masiku asanu ndi awiri, kusunga tsitsi kwa maola awiri pansi pa kukulunga pulasitiki ndi thaulo.

Kuphika mapulogalamu

Asanatuluke makina osindikizira a hydraulic mkatikati mwa zaka za zana la 19, ophika ophika ophika omwe adasakaniza nyemba za koko, uchi, mtedza ndi zonunkhira, kenako adakanikiza unyinjiwo. Chokoleti ija sinali ngati chokoleti chamakono.

Koma ndikubwera kwa batala wa koko, luso la chokoleti lafika pamlingo wina watsopano.

Koma ngakhale masiku ano, batala wachirengedwe wa koko samagulitsidwa, pafupifupi onse amafunidwa ndi ophika ndipo akukhala okwera mtengo kwambiri.

Kufunika kwa malonda kukukula, chifukwa popanda mafutawa ndikosatheka kulingalira chokoleti cha slab, maswiti ndi mipiringidzo yamitundu yonse, mikate, fondants ndi glaze. Monga kale, batala wa koko amapangitsa chokoleti yotentha kukhala yokoma komanso yosangalatsa ndipo imawonjezeredwa m'ma khofi ena ndi mchere.

Ndipo chokoleti choyera chimakhalapo ndi dzina lokha chifukwa cha batala wosalala wa cocoa. Pazakudya zake, mosiyana ndi mkaka kapena mnzake wakuda, palibe cocoa misa, shuga wokha wokha, vanila ndi mkaka.

Ngati wokonda zophikira ali ndi mwayi wokwanira kugula batala wa koko, ndiye kuti zidzamuthandiza kudziwa luso lokonza zokhazokha yekha ndikumverera ngati mpainiya wa chokoleti.

Batala wa koko akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku zakumwa ndi maswiti, chimanga cha mkaka ndi mapira. Chinthu chachikulu sichikulola kuti azitentha kwambiri, kuti mafuta asatayike phindu lake lonse, koma amabweretsa chisangalalo, mphamvu ndi thanzi lokha.