Chitetezo chaumwini M'dziko Lathu mu 2022

Sikokwanira kupanga ndi kulenga chinachake, ndikofunikanso kusamalira chitetezo cha kukopera kwanu kwa zomwe zakhazikitsidwa. Momwe zinthu zikuyendera ndi izi mu Dziko Lathu mu 2022 - muzinthu zathu

Copyright ndi ufulu waluntha ntchito za sayansi, zolemba ndi luso (zojambula, ziboliboli, zithunzi, ndi zina zotero). Ufulu ulinso wokhazikika pazojambula, mamapu, nkhokwe.

Palinso tanthauzo lachiwiri la kukopera - monga gawo lomwe limayang'anira gawo lazamalamulo la ubale wa omwe ali ndi kukopera ndi dziko lonse lapansi.

Chitsanzo chosavuta chachitetezo cha copyright mu 2022: wina adatumiza chithunzi cha mtolankhani popanda chilolezo, ndipo akufuna kuteteza ufulu wake pachithunzichi. Mwachitsanzo, kufuna kubweza kapena kuchotsa chithunzi pa intaneti.

Mawonekedwe a copyright M'dziko Lathu

Chuma chanzeru ndi	Ntchito za sayansi, zolemba ndi zaluso; Mapulogalamu a IT ndi nkhokwe; masewero ndi phonogram; kuwulutsa pawailesi kapena pawailesi yakanema; zopangidwa, zitsanzo zothandiza ndi mapangidwe a mafakitale; kusankha bwino; topology ya mabwalo ophatikizika; zinsinsi zopanga, ndizodziwanso; mayina amalonda, zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zautumiki; zizindikiro za malo, mayina a chiyambi cha katundu; zolemba zamalonda
Ubale wa kukopera ndi maufulu ena	Ufulu wachidziwitso sudalira ufulu wa umwini ndi ufulu wina wa katundu
Ndani wolemba	Nzika yomwe ntchito yake yolenga idapanga zotsatira. Ngati ntchito yolengayo inali yolumikizana (anthu awiri kapena kuposerapo adagwira ntchito), ndiye kuti ophunzirawo amatchedwa olemba anzawo
Yemwe samatengedwa kuti ndi wolemba	Munthu yemwe sanapangepo chothandizira pakupanga zotsatira. Olembawo sazindikira omwe adangopereka luso, upangiri, kuyang'anira, bungwe kapena thandizo lazachuma.
Kutsimikizika kwaufulu wokhazikika pantchito (mabuku, mafilimu)	Pa moyo wa wolemba ndi zaka 70 pambuyo pa imfa yake (kuwerengera kuyambira January 1, chaka ndi chaka cha imfa). Pali zosiyana ndi zomwe zidasindikizidwa pansi pa dzina lachinyengo, loponderezedwa, akale ankhondo a Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, komanso ngati ntchitoyo idasindikizidwa koyamba pambuyo pa imfa ya wolemba.
Kutalika kwaufulu wapadera wosewera (kwa ojambula, okonda, otsogolera siteji)	Pa moyo wa woimbayo, koma osachepera zaka 50. Kuwerengera kumachokera pa Januware 1 chaka chotsatira chaka chomwe mwiniwakeyo adachita, kujambula kapena kunena momwe ntchitoyo idagwirira ntchito.
Kutalika kwaufulu wapadera wolumikizana ndi wailesi kapena wailesi yakanema	Kwa zaka 50, kuwerengera kuyambira pa 1 January chaka chotsatira chaka chimene uthengawo unaulutsidwa
Kutsimikizika kwaufulu wapadera wa phonogalamu	Zaka 50 kuchokera pa 1 Januware chaka chotsatira chaka chomwe kulowa kudapangidwa
Kutsimikizika kwaufulu wokhazikika kunkhokwe	Zaka 15 kuchokera pomwe wopanga adamaliza kupanga. Kuwerengera kumachokera pa Januware 1 chaka chotsatira chaka cha chilengedwe. Ngati database yasinthidwa, ndiye kuti nthawiyo imakonzedwanso
Kutsimikizika kwaufulu wapadera pakupanga, chitsanzo chothandizira, kapangidwe ka mafakitale	Kuyambira tsiku lolemba ntchito ya patent: zaka 20 - zopangidwa; zaka 10 - zitsanzo zothandiza; Zaka 5 - mapangidwe a mafakitale
Kutsimikizika kwaufulu wapadera wochita kusankha	Zaka 30 kuyambira tsiku lolembetsa mu State Register of Protected Breeding Achievements, ndi mphesa, mtengo, zokongoletsera, mbewu za zipatso ndi mitundu ya nkhalango - zaka 35
Kutsimikizika kwaufulu wapadera ku topology	Zaka 10 kuyambira tsiku lomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba kapena kuyambira tsiku lolembetsa topology ndi bungwe lalikulu la federal pazinthu zanzeru.
Migwirizano ya ufulu wokhazikika wachinsinsi cha kupanga	Ndizovomerezeka malinga ngati chinsinsi cha chidziwitsocho chikusungidwa. Pambuyo pa kutayika kwa chinsinsi, ufulu wopeza chinsinsi cha kupanga umatha kwa onse omwe ali ndi copyright
Zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pa tsiku lomaliza	Ntchitoyo imakhala yodziwika bwino. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwaulere popanda chilolezo cha aliyense kapena chilolezo. Pa nthawi yomweyi, olemba, dzina la wolemba ndi kusalakwa kwa ntchitoyo amatetezedwa. Muzofuna zake, makalata, diaries, wolemba akhoza kuletsa kufalitsa ntchito zake

Lamulo laumwini

Mu 1993, Dziko Lathu linakhazikitsa lamulo¹ "Pa Copyright ndi Ufulu Wogwirizana". Tsopano yataya mphamvu zake. Ngakhale ena molakwika akupitirizabe kunena za chikalatachi. Idasinthidwa ndi gawo limodzi la Civil Code - gawo lachinayi². Lili ndi zolemba zopitilira 300 zomwe zimalongosola ndikuwongolera mbali zambiri za kukopera.

Mutha kuwerenganso za udindo wophwanya ufulu waumwini mu Code of Administrative Offences (CAO RF). Ndime 7.12³ limafotokoza za chilango chomwe munthu wophwanya ufulu wa kukopera ndi ufulu wogwirizana nawo, yemwe akufuna kupeza ndalama, komanso zilango zogwiritsa ntchito mosaloledwa pakupanga zinthu, mtundu wantchito kapena kapangidwe ka mafakitale.

Plagiarism yomwe idawononga kwambiri wolemba choyambirira (ma ruble opitilira 100), komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosaloledwa kwa zinthu zokopera, kupeza, kusungirako, kunyamula makope abodza kugulitsidwa pamlingo waukulu - zonsezi zimayendetsedwa ndi Code Criminal Code (Criminal Code of the Federation). Zilango zafotokozedwa m'nkhani 146⁴.

Njira zotetezera kukopera

Chizindikiro chaumwini

Uwu ndi mtundu wa njira zodzitetezera. Amene ali ndi copyright adziwitse aliyense kuti ntchitoyi ili ndi wolemba. Kuti tichite izi, Civil Code ikuti ikani pa kopi iliyonse ya ntchitoyo chilembo cha Chilatini "C" mozungulira (©). M'mawu osavuta, chizindikirochi chimatchedwa "copyright" - kutsatira pepala kuchokera ku English copywrite, lomwe limatanthawuza "copyright". Pafupi ndi © muyenera kuyika dzina kapena mayina a omwe ali ndi copyright ndikuwonetsa chaka chomwe ntchitoyo idasindikizidwa koyamba.

"Copyright" ithandizira kuteteza kukopera ngati pali milandu. Munthu kapena kampani yomwe inagwiritsa ntchito ntchito popanda chilolezo sanganene kuti sakanatha kuzindikira wolemba kapena samadziwa kuti ufuluwu ndi wa munthu wina. Ngakhale ngati © palibe, ichi sichingakhale chowiringula kwa wophwanya mlanduwo.

Dipo laumwini

Ndiko kuti, kukonza zolemba zake. Kuyika ndi njira yokhazikitsira kukopera kwa zolemba, sayansi ndi zaluso. Zikuwonekeratu kuti pansi pa lamulo ufulu wa wolemba umatuluka panthawi yolenga ntchitoyo. Koma pamikangano, mwachitsanzo, kukhoti, muyenera kutsimikizira kuti ndinu mlengi.

Mtsutso wamphamvu ndikulemba kuti iyi ndi ntchito yanu. Deposition ikuchitika ndi mabungwe apadera.

Kulandira chipukuta misozi chifukwa chophwanya malamulo

Civil Code (Article 1301 ya Civil Code of the Federation)⁵ akuti ngati kukopera kwanu kwaphwanyidwa, muli ndi ufulu wofunsa wophwanya malamulo:

kulipira zowonongeka;
kapena malipiro.

Lamuloli limafotokozanso kuchuluka kwa chipukuta misozi chomwe khothi lingapereke - kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 5 miliyoni rubles. Zowona, mu 2022 "foloko" la ndalamazo limadziwika⁶ zosagwirizana ndi Constitution. Koma awa ndi ma nuances azamalamulo omwe amakhudzana ndi mikangano ndi amalonda payekha kukhothi. Zikhale choncho, wolakwiridwayo ali ndi ufulu wofuna kulipidwa.

Kubweretsa wophwanya udindo woyang'anira

Kuthandizira nkhani 7.12. Code of Administrative Offences of the Federation⁷. Milandu yotereyi imaganiziridwa ndi makhoti akuluakulu. Mlandu ukhoza kuperekedwa ku khoti lachigawo ngati wolakwayo ndi munthu payekha. Ngati bungwe lovomerezeka, ndiye kuti arbitration.

Kubweretsa ku mlandu

Kwa ichi pali nkhani 146 ya Criminal Code of the Federation⁸.Koma zimawerengedwa pokhapokha ngati kuwonongeka kwakukulu kudachitika kwa mwiniwakeyo.

Zowonongeka zomwe zitha kuzindikirika ngati zazikulu, makhothi amasankha kuchokera kuzochitika za mlandu uliwonse. Mwachitsanzo, kuchokera pakukhalapo ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwenikweni, kuchuluka kwa phindu lotayika, kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe munthu amapeza chifukwa cha kuphwanya ufulu wake ku zotsatira za ntchito zanzeru kapena njira zaumwini.

Nkhaniyi ikulanganso anthu osaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zili ndi copyright kapena maufulu okhudzana nawo. Ndipo kugula, kusungirako, kunyamula makope achinyengo a ntchito kapena ma phonogalamu ogulitsa. Koma kuwonongeka kuyeneranso kukhala kwakukulu.

Ndipo nuance ina yofunika: lamulo loletsa pamlanduwo ndi zaka ziwiri. Ndiko kuti, patatha zaka ziwiri kuchokera nthawi ya chigawengacho, wolakwayo sangalangidwe. Nkhaniyi imakhalanso ndi ndime yachitatu, yomwe imalanga zomwezo, koma kale gulu la anthu, ngati kuwonongeka kuli kwakukulu kwambiri (kuchokera ku ruble 1 miliyoni) kapena wolakwayo adagwiritsa ntchito udindo wake. Ndiye lamulo la malire ndi zaka khumi.

Ndondomeko yotetezera copyright kukhothi

Lumikizanani ndi Loya wa Copyright ndi Wogwirizana ndi Law

Inde, mukhoza kuchita zonse nokha. Civil Code ili ndi gawo lalikulu (gawo 4), lomwe limaperekedwa kwa kukopera. Uyenera kudaliridwa. Ngati simunakonzekere kulowa mumutuwu, ndi bwino kuti nthawi yomweyo muyambe kuchita zinthu limodzi ndi zabwino. Kuonjezera apo, woimbidwa mlandu adzatha kubweza ndalama zomwe loya adawononga.

Konzani kuphwanya

Chitsanzo chosavuta: chithunzi chanu chimasindikizidwa pa intaneti popanda chilolezo - muyenera kupita kwa notary kuti mutsimikizire chithunzi cha skrini. Pazinthu zina zachitetezo cha kukopera, kugula koyeserera kungafunike. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kampani idaba zojambula za wolemba kuti atulutsidwe ndikutulutsa katundu wogulitsidwa molingana ndi ndondomekozi.

Kuthetsa mlandu usanachitike

Musanapereke chigamulo, muyenera kutumiza zonena kwa wophwanya malamulo. Ndipo sungani kope lachiwiri. Kuyesera kuthetsa mlandu usanaperekedwe ku khoti la arbitration ndikofunikira.

Kuphatikiza apo, mu Civil Code of the Federation (mu ndime 3 ya ndime 5.1. Article 1252)⁹ pali kumveka kofunikira. Njira yovomerezeka yofunsira sikugwira ntchito pamakangano:

za kuzindikira ufulu;
pa kuponderezedwa kwa zochita zomwe zimaphwanya ufulu kapena kuwopseza kuphwanya kwake;
pa kulanda zonyamulira zakuthupi zomwe zotsatira za luntha kapena njira ya munthu payekha zimawonetsedwa;
pa kufalitsidwa kwa chigamulo cha khoti pa kuphwanya kochitidwa;
pakusiya kufalitsa ndi kuwononga zida, zida kapena njira zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kapena kuphwanya ufulu wawo.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu amene ali ndi kope la buku apeza kuti nyumba ina yosindikizira ikusindikiza ntchito popanda chilolezo, sayenera kulembera wolakwayo uthenga wakuti: “Lekani kuchita zimenezi.” Mutha kulumikizana ndi khoti ndi apolisi nthawi yomweyo.

Nthawi zina, ngati zomwe akunenazo zalembedwa molondola, mudzakhala ndi umboni wonse wa kuphwanya m'manja mwanu, ndiye kuti zingatheke kuteteza zolemba zanu popanda kupita kukhoti. Wophwanya akhoza kuvomereza nthawi yomweyo kuti akulakwitsa pazochitikazo ndikupita kukakambirana. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, sungani makalata onse - adzayenera kuperekedwa kukhoti ngati wolakwayo sakufuna kupita kukakambirana.

Lembani mlandu kukhoti

Ngati sikunali kotheka kuthetsa mkanganowo kunja kwa khoti:

perekani mlandu kukhothi kuti libweze chipukuta misozi chifukwa chophwanya ufulu wodzipatula pazotsatira zanzeru;
gwiritsani ntchito ku Unduna wa Zam'kati pazokhudza zophwanya malamulo za wophwanya malamulo, ndikubweretsa kuudindo ndi/kapena mlandu (Ndime 146 ya Criminal Code of the Federation, Article 7.12 ya Code of Administrative Offences of the Federation).

Pambuyo pa mlandu

Ngati mwakwanitsa kupambana mlanduwo, ndiye kuti, chigamulo chachitetezo cha kukopera chidapangidwa m'malo mwanu, ndiye kuti m'mwezi umodzi chidzayamba kugwira ntchito. Komabe, mmodzi wa maphwando akhoza kuchita apilo chigamulo panthawiyi. Koma ngati palibe kudandaula, ndiye kuti muyenera kupeza chikalata chophedwa. Ngati wozengedwayo sanachite zomwe mudafuna (malipiro, kuchotsa zinthu, ndi zina zotero), funsani a bailiffs (FSSP).

Chitsanzo chofuna

Chofunsidwacho chiyenera kuphatikizapo:

pamutu: dzina la khoti limene pempholo likuperekedwa, dzina la wotsutsa, malo ake okhala, dzina la wotsutsa, malo ake, kuchuluka kwa zomwe akunena;
mu gawo lofotokozera: nenani za zomwe zikuchitika komanso zochitika zonse za kuphwanya, komanso lembani umboni wanu;
mu gawo lolimbikitsa: fotokozani pa zomwe mumatengera zonena zanu, zokhudzana ndi kukopera, muyenera kutchula zolemba za Civil Code;
Zofunikira kwa Woyankha: onetsani zotsatira zomwe mukufuna, mwachitsanzo, ndikulipirani kuchuluka kwa N, komanso chotsani zinthuzo kapena kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito;
mndandanda wa zikalatazolumikizidwa ndi pulogalamu yanu.

Pempholi liyenera kuperekedwa kukhoti limodzi ndi makope malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa omwe akuimbidwa mlandu. Mndandanda wa zikalata uyeneranso kujambulidwa.

Nachi chitsanzo cha zomwe zinganenedwe molakwika.

В [dzina la khoti]

Wodandaula: [data]

Woyankha: [data]

Statement ya pempholo

[Zomwe adayankha] ntchito mosaloledwa [onetsani zomwe zili ndi ufulu]amene ndine mlembi wake.

[tsiku lakuti ndi lakuti] Ndinapeza kuti [zowonetsedwa, zowonetsedwa, zogawidwa, zogulitsidwa, ndi zina.]. ngakhale sindinapereke chilolezo changa pakuchita izi.

Malinga ndi Gawo 1 la Art. 1229 ya Civil Code of the Federation, nzika kapena bungwe lazamalamulo lomwe lili ndi ufulu wokhazikika pazotsatira zanzeru kapena njira yodziyimira payekha (yemwe ali ndi ufulu) ali ndi ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito izi kapena njira zotere mwakufuna kwake. mwanjira iriyonse yosatsutsana ndi lamulo. Omwe ali ndi ufulu atha kutaya ufulu wokhazikika pazotsatira zanzeru kapena njira zamunthu payekhapayekha (Ndime 1233), pokhapokha ataperekedwa mwanjira ina.

Amene ali ndi ufulu akhoza, mwakufuna kwake, kulola kapena kuletsa anthu ena kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira za luntha kapena njira zodzipangira payekha. Kusakhalapo kwa chiletso sikuganiziridwa kuti ndi chilolezo (chilolezo).

Anthu ena sangagwiritse ntchito zotsatira zofananira zaluntha kapena njira zodzipangira munthu payekha popanda chilolezo cha yemwe ali ndi ufulu, kupatula milandu yomwe yaperekedwa ndi Code iyi. Kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira za luntha kapena njira zamunthu payekha (kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zaperekedwa ndi Code iyi), ngati kugwiritsidwa ntchito kotereku kukuchitika popanda chilolezo cha yemwe ali ndi ufulu, sikuloledwa ndipo kumaphatikizapo udindo wokhazikitsidwa ndi Code iyi, malamulo ena, kupatulapo milandu pamene kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira za luntha kapena njira za munthu payekha ndi anthu ena osati mwiniwake, popanda chilolezo chake, amaloledwa ndi Code iyi.

[Ndikoyeneranso kutchula zina za Civil Code of the Federation zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zomwe mukufuna]

NDIKUPEMPHA:

achire ku [zambiri za woyankha] chipukuta misozi kuphwanya ufulu wokhawokha kuchuluka kwa [ikani ndalama];
kuletsedwa [zambiri za woyankha] Kufalitsa [mutu wa ntchito] ndi kupereka makope ake onse kwa wotsutsa.

Mapulogalamu:

[mndandanda wa zikalata zomwe mwaphatikizira ku zomwe mukufuna]

[tsiku, siginecha, zolembedwa]

Zindikirani kuti ndizovuta kugwiritsa ntchito chiganizo chachitsanzo popanda chidziwitso m'munda waulamuliro waumwini ndi malamulo okhudzana nawo.

Pa nthawi ya mlandu, wotsutsa ayenera kutsimikizira zomwe akunena kuti ndizo maziko a zonena zake. Choncho, m'pofunika kukonzekera zikalata zina za ndondomeko: zopempha za kubwezeretsanso, kufufuza ndi kufufuza kwa umboni, kuphatikizira umboni wowonjezera, kuitanitsa mboni, kufufuza payekha, ndi zina zotero. Sizingatheke kuyembekezera kuti kutetezedwa kwa kukopera kumangokhala kungopereka mlandu wokha.

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka

Mafunso ayankhidwa ndi CEO wa IPLS online platform Andrey Bobakov.

Kodi ndi ndani amene amayang'anira chitetezo cha copyright?

- Loya yemwe amagwira ntchito pamilandu yokhudzana ndi kukopera ndi malamulo okhudzana nawo, kuteteza zotsatira za luntha ndi njira zofananira za munthu payekha.

Kodi ndi njira ziti zotetezedwa ndi zokopera zomwe zilipo?

- Tumizani chigamulo kwa wophwanya malamulo kuti athetseretu mkanganowo. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mkhalapakati, mkhalapakati kapena kugamulana (bungwe lazamalamulo lomwe si laboma lomwe limathetsa mikangano yapachiweniweni). Nthawi zina, mwachitsanzo, ngati kukopera sikunalembetsedwe kale, kungakhale koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito Rospatent kuti mupeze zikalata zamutu.

Ndani amawongolera kukopera?

- Palibe maulamuliro ovomerezeka m'dziko lathu. Pali mabungwe osiyanasiyana omwe amasungitsa makonda ndikuwunika kuphwanya malamulo. Wolembayo amatha kuyang'anira zophwanya payekha, kapena amatembenukira ku kampani yapadera. Ngati wina waphwanya ufulu, wolembayo akhoza kudandaula, kudandaula ku dzina la wophwanya malamulo ndi / kapena kwa akuluakulu oyang'anira kuti adziwe munthuyo ndi kusiya zolakwa za wophwanya malamulo, ndikutsatiridwa ndi kubwezeredwa kwa chipukuta misozi. .

Kodi ndingadziwe bwanji yemwe ali ndi copyright?

- Njira yosavuta ndi zolemba. Mutha kuwona patsamba lamutu wa ntchitoyi yemwe wolemba wake ndi. Kapena funsani wosindikiza. Ngati zolembazo zasindikizidwa patsamba, lembani kwa woyang'anira, woyang'anira ndi pempho. Ndizovuta kwambiri ndi nyimbo, koma ngakhale apa mutha kuyang'ana zambiri pagulu lamasewera kapena kulumikizana ndi studio ndi omwe ali ndi copyright. Ndi ntchito zina zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Kuti akhazikitse mlembi wa mapangidwe, woyambitsa microcircuit kapena kapangidwe ka mafakitale, kapena kupambana kosankhidwa kumafuna kufufuza kwakukulu. Kuti musakhale wophwanya malamulo, ndi bwino kuti musabwereke za wina.

gwero

http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_2238/
https://base.garant.ru/10164072/7d7b9c31284350c257ca3649122f627b/
https://legalacts.ru/kodeks/KOAP-RF/razdel-ii/glava-7/statja-7.12/
http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_10699/b683408102681707f2702cff05f0a3025daab7ab/
https://base.garant.ru/10164072/33baf11fff1f64e732fcb2ef0678c18a/
https://base.garant.ru/71563174/#block_102
http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_34661/38ae39c9c4f9501e2c080d13ff20587d2b8f5837/
https://base.garant.ru/10108000/0c5956aa76cdf561e1333b201c6d337d/
https://rulaws.ru/gk-rf-chast-4/Razdel-VII/Glava-69/Statya-1252/