Nkhanu

Kufotokozera

Nkhanu ndi ya dongosolo la ma decapod crustaceans, omwe amadziwika ndi mimba yofupikitsidwa. Ali ndi miyendo isanu, ndi miyendo iwiri yoyamba yokhala ndi zikhadabo zazikulu.

Nkhanu zimakhala ndi nyama yofewa komanso yokoma, yomwe kutulutsa kwake kumakhala kovuta: choyamba, muyenera kupatula zikhadazo. Kenako - gawo la m'mimba la thupi limodzi ndi miyendo. Ndiye - miyendo. Chotsani nyama yodyedwa mu chipolopolocho ndi mphanda woonda, wopindika. Ndipo gawani zikhadabo ndi miyendo pamagulu.

Nyama ya m'nyanja ndi yathanzi kwambiri. Ndi chakudya chopanda mafuta ambiri. Zakudya zam'nyanja zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya ndipo nthawi zonse zimawonedwa ngati zokoma.

Nyama ya nkhanu imakhala yolemera kwambiri pazinthu zofunika kwambiri m'thupi monga mapuloteni. 100 g ya mankhwalawa ili ndi 18 g wa mapuloteni, 1.8 g wamafuta ndipo mulibe chakudya - pali 0.04 g okha mwa nyama ya nkhanu.

Zolemba za nyama ya nkhanu ndizofanana. Mwachitsanzo, lili ndi niacin wambiri (vitamini PP kapena B3) - chinthu chomwe chimayendetsa mafuta m'magazi ndikuthandizira kuyika kagayidwe kake. Vitamini B5, yomwe ilinso mu mankhwalawa, imathandizira ubongo, imathandizira kuyamwa kwa zinthu zina zothandiza, imathandizira kagayidwe ka hemoglobin, lipids, mafuta acids ndi histamine.

Mbiri ya nkhanu

Nkhanu zinapezeka padziko lapansi zaka 180 miliyoni zapitazo ndipo pakadali pano pali mitundu yoposa 10,000.

Ali ndi mutu wawung'ono, mimba yayifupi yokhotakhota pansi pa nsagwada ndi chifuwa komanso magolo anayi pachifuwa omwe amayenda kuti ayende. Banja lachisanu lili ndi zikopa zomwe zimadya chakudya. Ma decapods am'madzi, posaka chakudya, pogona, ndi anthu omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, sagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ngati fungo, kukhudza komanso mphamvu zamagetsi.

Nkhanu ndi nyama yomwe imadya nyama ya molluscs, crustaceans osiyanasiyana komanso algae. Chophimba chophimba chophimba thupi la nkhanu chimatsanulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi mukamapangika. Pakadali pano, chinyama chimakula kukula. Malek mchaka choyamba cha moyo molts nthawi 11-12, wachiwiri - 6-7 nthawi, munthu wamkulu wazaka 12 - kamodzi zaka ziwiri zilizonse.

Pakadutsa molting, chivundikiro chakale cha chitinous chang'ambika pamalire am'mimba ndi cephalothorax, ndipo kudzera mu mphakoyi nkhanu imapanikizira chigamba chatsopano. Molting amatenga mphindi 4-10, pambuyo pake kuuma kwa chipolopolo chatsopano kumatenga masiku awiri kapena atatu.

M'makampani azakudya, nyama ya nkhanu ya chipale chofewa, nkhanu za Kamchatka, isotopes, ndi nkhanu zamtambo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa mitundu iyi ndi yayikulu kwambiri ndipo ili ndi anthu ambiri. Nkhanu sizidyedwa zonse. Nyama yoyera yokoma imapezeka m'miyendo, zikhadabo ndi pomwe miyendo imalumikizana ndi chipolopolocho. Kuchuluka kwake ndi mtundu wa nyama yomwe idayikidwa zimatengera kukula kwa nkhanu, nyengo ndi nthawi yonyamula.

Kapangidwe ka nkhanu ndi kalori

Nyama ya nkhanu imakhala ndi mkuwa wambiri, calcium (kuyambira 17 mpaka 320 mg pa 100 g), magnesium yogwira ntchito, phosphorous ndi sulfure. Muli mavitamini A, D, E, B12 ambiri. Thiamine (vitamini B1) yomwe ili ndi nyama ya nkhanu siyopangidwa ndi thupi la munthu ndipo imadzazidwa ndi chakudya chokha. Vitamini B2, yolembetsedwa ngati zowonjezera zowonjezera E101, ikulimbikitsidwa kuteteza diso ku zotsatira zoyipa za cheza cha ultraviolet.

Nyama ya nkhanu imakhala ndi chinyezi cha 80%; kuchokera 13 mpaka 27% ya mapuloteni omwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu metabolism; 0.3 - 0.8 peresenti ya lipids; 1.5 - 2.0% ya mchere komanso mpaka 0.5% ya glycogen, yomwe ndi njira yayikulu yosungira shuga m'thupi la munthu. Pankhani ya zigawo zothandiza, nyama ya nkhanu imakhala patsogolo pa zinthu zambiri za zomera ndi zinyama.

• Zakudya za caloriki 82 kcal
• Mapuloteni 18.2 g
• Mafuta 1 g
• Madzi 78.9 g

Ubwino wa nkhanu

Nyama ya nkhanu imakhala ndi chakudya komanso mafuta ochepa, ndipo koposa zonse, imangotengera thupi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa pazakudya. Pali mitundu 87 yokha yamaluwa m'magalamu 100 a mankhwalawa.

Kuchuluka kwa taurine mu chipangizochi kuyenera kudziwika mosiyana. Ndi antioxidant yomwe imachitika mwachilengedwe yomwe imapondereza zopindika zaulere mthupi ndikuletsa kukalamba msanga. Kuphatikiza apo, taurine imakhala ndi phindu pamakina ozungulira komanso imathandizira masomphenya.

Mafuta osakwanira omega 3 ndi omega 6 amapezekanso munyama ya nkhanu. Zimakhala zofunikira kuti magwiridwe antchito amitsempha azigwira bwino ntchito, chifukwa amayang'anira cholesterol yoyipa m'magazi.

Ndipo chifukwa chakuti nyama ya nkhanu imakhala ndi ayodini, ndikofunikira kuyigwiritsa ntchito kwa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda a chithokomiro.

Nyama ya nkhanu, monga nsomba zina zambiri zam'nyanja, imadziwika kuti ndi aphrodisiac wachilengedwe. Imawonjezera mphamvu za amuna, imalimbikitsa kupanga testosterone, imathandizira spermatogenesis ndikuletsa kuchepa kwa libido.

M'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi, maziko a zakudya za anthu si mkate kapena nyama, koma ndiwo zamasamba, chifukwa zimaphikidwa mwachangu, zosavuta kukumba komanso kuyamwa bwino. Akatswiri azakudya akuvomereza kwambiri nsomba zam'madzi! Ndipo mndandanda uwu ndi inshuwaransi yanu motsutsana:

• matenda amtima. Zomwe zimapindulitsa pa nsomba zimapezeka chifukwa zimakhala ndi omega-3 ndi omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Kamodzi m'thupi, amachepetsa cholesterol choipa m'mwazi.
• mafuta owonjezera thupi. Mu magalamu 100 a mamazelo muli magalamu atatu okha a mafuta, mu nkhanu - 3, ngakhale pang'ono mu squid - 2 magalamu. Zakudya zam'nyanja zamchere zimakhalanso ndi ziwerengero zochepa - 0.3-70 kilocalories. Poyerekeza, magalamu 85 a veal ali ndi ma kilocalories 100. Ubwino wa nkhanu, nkhanu ndi nsomba zina ndizodziwikiratu!
• kusokonezeka kwa mundawo m'mimba. Ngati thupi limanga mapuloteni anyama pafupifupi maola asanu, ndiye kuti amalimbana ndi mapuloteni azakudya zam'madzi kawiri mwachangu. Zowonadi, poyerekeza ndi nyama zamasewera ndi nyama zoweta, nsomba zimakhala ndi zolumikizana zochepa, chifukwa chake nyama zam'madzi ndizothandiza kwambiri kuposa nyama.
• matenda a chithokomiro. Zopindulitsa za nsomba zam'madzi zili mu kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimasoweka - ayodini. Sichimapangidwa ndi thupi la munthu, monga momwe zimachitikira ndi zinthu zina, koma zimapezeka muzakudya zina. Koma ndikwanira kudya magalamu 20-50 a nkhanu kapena shrimps, ndipo kudya kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa ayodini kumatsimikiziridwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali "mafuta" a chithokomiro ndi ubongo. Ku Japan, dziko lomwe lili ndi zakudya zambiri "zam'madzi" padziko lapansi, pali vuto limodzi lokha la matenda a chithokomiro pa anthu miliyoni miliyoni. Izi ndi zomwe kudya kwabwino kwenikweni kumatanthauza! Mosiyana ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi ayodini (mchere, mkaka, mkate), ayodini ochokera ku nsomba zam'nyanja samasintha nthunzi pa msonkhano woyamba ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi mpweya.
• kukhudzika mtima. Zimadziwika kuti anthu omwe amakhala pafupi ndi nyanja ndi nyanja amathandizana wina ndi mzake kuposa anzawo "ochokera ku hinterland". Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha zakudya zawo zam'madzi. Ubwenzi wolimba wa mavitamini a gulu B, PP, magnesium ndi mkuwa umagwirizanitsa pafupifupi nsomba zonse. Iyi ndiyo njira yayikulu yopezera bata komanso mtima wosangalala. Ndipo phosphorous amatitsimikizira kuyamwa kwathunthu komanso kopanda tanthauzo kwa mavitamini onse a gulu B. Phindu la nsomba ndizodziwikiratu!
• kuchepa kwa libido. Amati Casanova adadya oysters 70 mpaka chakudya chamadzulo tsiku lachikondi lisanakwere, ndi champagne. Izi ndichifukwa choti nsomba zimatengedwa ngati aphrodisiac zamphamvu ndipo zimalimbikitsa kupanga testosterone "yamatenda okonda" chifukwa cha zinc ndi selenium. Zowona, sitipangira kubwereza chintchito chotere mdzina lachikondi. Ngakhale kutumikiridwa kamodzi kokha kwa crustacean ndi nkhono saladi kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zofananira.

Chifukwa chake, zabwino zodya nkhanu, nkhanu ndi nsomba zina ndizosatsutsika - ali ndi mapuloteni, mafuta, mavitamini ndi michere yambiri, kuphatikiza phosphorous, calcium, iron, mkuwa, ayodini. Nzosadabwitsa kuti m'maiko omwe chakudya cham'madzi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, anthu amadwaladwala ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wautali.

Zotsutsana ndi nkhanu

Nyama ya nkhanu ilibe zotsutsana. Inde, sikulimbikitsidwa kuti mudye kwa anthu omwe matupi awo sagwirizana ndi nsomba.

Makhalidwe a nkhanu

Amanena kuti munthu amene analawa nyama ya nkhanu kamodzi sadzaiwala kukoma kwake. Anthu ambiri odziwika bwino amati mankhwalawa ndi otsika kuposa zakudya zilizonse zodziwika bwino monga nkhanu kapena nkhanu, makamaka zikaphikidwa bwino.

Nyama ya nkhanu ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha kufewa kwake komanso juiciness, imakhala ndi kukoma kosakhwima, kosakhwima, kosangalatsa, ndipo imakhalabe munthawi yosamalira. Glycogen, chakudya chapadera chomwe nyama imakhala nacho chochuluka, chimapatsa kukoma kokoma.

Kuphika mapulogalamu

M'miyambo yophikira ya anthu osiyanasiyana, nyama imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera ku zikhakhwe, miyendo ndi malo ofotokozera ndi chipolopolocho. Ikhoza kukonzekera m'njira zosiyanasiyana: wiritsani m'madzi amchere, kumalongeza, kuzizira. Ndikuphika komwe akuti ndi koyenera, chifukwa pafupifupi zinthu zonse zothandiza zimasungidwa pochita izi.

Nyama ya nkhanu yam'chitini ndi yophika kumene imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya chosiyana ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chotupitsa, komanso kuonjezeranso msuzi, maphunziro oyambira ndi masaladi, makamaka masamba. Zimayenda bwino ndi nsomba zina zam'madzi, mpunga, mazira, masukisi osiyanasiyana, ndi madzi a mandimu zimatha kutsindika kukoma kosakoma kwake. Zidutswa za nyama ndizabwino pakukongoletsa mbale za nsomba.

Ndizosatheka kulembetsa maphikidwe onse kutengera ndi chinthu. Odziwika kwambiri ndi masaladi a nkhanu omwe ali ndi masamba kapena zipatso (makamaka maapulo, kupatula ma tangerines), ma rolls, cutlets, ndi zokhwasula-khwasula zosiyanasiyana.
Zakudya zenizeni zimaphika mtundu uliwonse wa nkhanu mosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, nkhanu yofewa imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi msuzi wotapira, ndi nkhanu ya Kamchatka - ndi mbale yammbali.

Nkhanu zamankhwala

Kuchokera pa 50 mpaka 70 peresenti ya kulemera kwa nkhanu zonse zomwe zimagwidwa padziko lapansi ndi zipolopolo zawo ndi zina zotsalira. Monga lamulo, zinyalala zotere zimawonongedwa, zomwe zimafunikira ndalama zowonjezera, ndipo gawo laling'ono lokha limasinthidwa mwanjira ina. Panthawiyi, nsomba zam'madzi, monga arthropods zonse, zimakhala ndi chitin - exoskeleton yawo imakhala ndi izo.

Ngati magulu ena a acetyl amachotsedwa ku chitin pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, ndizotheka kupeza chitosan, biopolymer wokhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera azachilengedwe komanso a physicochemical. Chitosan siyimayambitsa kutupa kapena chitetezo chamthupi, imakhala ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo komanso maantimicrobial, ndipo imasokonekera kukhala zinthu zopanda poizoni pakapita nthawi.