Croton (kodiaeum)

Pali chisokonezo chenicheni ndi croton pamitu ya olima maluwa amateur. Mouma khosi amatchula chomera cham'nyumba chowoneka ngati chotere, pomwe Croton imamera kuthengo kapena m'mafamu otentha, komwe amakulitsidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kapena mbewu. Ndipo izi ndi mitengo ikuluikulu kapena zitsamba. M'nyumba zathu, si croton yomwe imakhalapo, koma codiaum. Ndipo mtundu umodzi wokha - kodi motley (Codiaeum variegatum) wochokera ku banja la Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae). Ku Ulaya, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "chovala cha Yosefe". Inakhala yotchuka kumeneko m'zaka zoyambirira za zana la XNUMX.

Variegated codiaum ndi chitsamba chobiriwira chomwe sichimakula kupitilira 70 cm kunyumba. Pamtengo wowongoka, masamba achikopa akulu (mpaka 30 cm) amakonzedwa mosinthana. Maluwa ndi osadziwika, maluwa ndi ochepa, otumbululuka, njere zazikulu. Koma mtengo wa chomeracho suli m'maluwa, koma m'masamba - ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yokongola kwambiri: mithunzi yonse yobiriwira, yachikasu, lalanje, yofiira ngakhale yakuda! Kukongoletsa kumalimbikitsidwa ndi mitsempha yamitundu yowala ndi mawanga (1).

Pali mitundu yosachepera 7 ya variegated codiaum, yomwe imasiyana mawonekedwe a mbale yamasamba. Mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe tortile masamba ooneka ngati mtima ndi nsonga yosongoka, mu trilobium Pansi pa tsamba ndi deltoid, ndipo mbaleyo imagawidwa m'magawo atatu. 

Mitundu ya Croton

Kutchuka kwa mbewuyi kwadzetsa ntchito yambiri ya obereketsa omwe adapanga mitundu yoyambirira ndi ma hybrids.

chabwino - masamba ake amawoneka ngati thundu, pamwamba ndi obiriwira ndi mitsempha yachikasu, ndipo m'munsi mwa tsamba ndi wofiira-burgundy. 

Gold Nyenyezi - Masamba obiriwira obiriwira amakutidwa ndi mawanga ambiri agolide.

Mayi Ayston - mtengo wokongola, womwe nthawi yomweyo, mutha kuwona masamba a kirimu, achikasu ndi obiriwira.                                          

Mayi - mitundu iyi ili ndi masamba opapatiza, ozungulira ofiira alalanje okhala ndi mikwingwirima yobiriwira.

Petra - chitsamba chophatikizika mpaka 50 cm wamtali wokhala ndi masamba akulu obiriwira okhala ndi mitsempha yachikasu.

Zokonda - mitundu yoyambirira kwambiri yokhala ndi masamba owoneka bwino opindika mozungulira mozungulira.

Nyenyezi yadzuwa - mtengo mpaka 80 cm wamtali wokhala ndi masamba owonda achikasu obiriwira.

Tamara - chitsamba chokongola mpaka 1 m kutalika ndi masamba oyera-kirimu-wobiriwira ngati mawonekedwe a oval elongated ndi nsonga yakuthwa komanso m'mphepete mwa wavy.

Zanziebare - amasiyana ndi masamba opapatiza amtundu wobiriwira wakuda wokhala ndi tinthu tachikasu.

Chizulu - wokhala ndi masamba obiriwira a lanceolate owoneka modabwitsa okhala ndi mawanga achikasu.

Kusamalira Croton kunyumba

Malo obadwirako croton (codiaum) ndi madera otentha a India ndi Malaysia. Ndipo izi zimatsimikizira zofunikira zake pakukula.

"Mavuto ambiri pakukula kwa codiaum amatha kupewedwa ngati kutentha kumawonedwa mosamalitsa," akutero wokhometsa mbewu zamkati Elizaveta Starostina. - M'chilimwe, zomera zimakhala bwino pa kutentha kwa 20 - 25 ° C, m'nyengo yozizira - osati pansi pa 18 ° C. Palibe madontho a kutentha, mawindo ozizira ozizira ndi ma drafts! 

Ground 

Mwa zosakaniza zopangidwa kale, dothi la maluwa ndiloyenera kwambiri ku codiaum. Komabe, alimi odziwa bwino maluwa amakonda kukonza okha nthaka. Kuti muchite izi, tengani masamba ndi humus, peat ndi mchenga wamtsinje wofanana. Galasi la dothi lophwanyidwa ndi zeolite ochepa amawonjezeredwa ku 3 malita osakaniza. Momwe yankho la nthaka liyenera kukhala lamchere - 6 - 7,4 pH.

Kuunikira

Chomerachi chimakonda kuwala kowala, koma sichilola kuwala kwa dzuwa - "zimachotsa" chitsanzo chokongola ndipo chingayambitse kuyaka. Malo abwino kwambiri kuyambira masika mpaka autumn ndi mawindo a kum'mawa, kumadzulo kapena kum'mwera chakum'mawa. 

Koma m'nyengo yozizira, codiaum ikhoza kukonzedwanso pawindo lakumwera. Ngati masamba ayamba kuzimiririka, yatsani ma phytolamp!

chinyezi

Codiaum amakonda nthaka yonyowa ndi mpweya. Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala, kuthirira kumachitika pafupipafupi komanso kochulukirapo mpaka katatu pa sabata. Onetsetsani kuti nthaka siuma kupitirira 3 cm kuchokera pamwamba pa mphika. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kamodzi pa sabata ndikokwanira. Mphindi 3 mutatha kuthirira, madzi a poto ayenera kutsanulidwa.

Chomeracho chimayankha bwino kwambiri kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa tsiku lililonse, mpweya wa humidifier. Koma izi sizokwanira. Pukutani masamba tsiku ndi tsiku kumbali zonse ziwiri ndi siponji yofewa, yonyowa - izi zimawonjezera chinyezi, zimachotsa fumbi ndi tizirombo. Perekani chiweto chanu madzi ofunda kamodzi pamwezi (2).

Madzi othirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ayenera kukhazikika, ofewa ndi otentha - 2 - 4 ° C pamwamba pa kutentha kwa chipinda. Moyenera, gwiritsani ntchito madzi amvula kapena madzi osefa.

feteleza

Kwa codiaum, feteleza wovuta wa mchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa succulents ndi cacti. Ndibwinonso kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa lamatabwa ngati feteleza.

Kudyetsa

Kuvala pamwamba kumangochitika pamtunda wonyowa, ndi mayankho a feteleza ovuta a mineral. Mu kasupe ndi chilimwe mu zonse mlingo 1 nthawi 3 milungu. M'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira - 1/2 mlingo wa feteleza kamodzi pa miyezi 1. Kamodzi pa miyezi iwiri iliyonse, supuni ya tiyi ya phulusa la nkhuni imatsanuliridwa mumphika ndipo dothi lapamwamba limamasulidwa pang'ono.

Kukonza

Korona wokongola komanso kukula koyenera kumapangidwa ndi kudulira nthawi zonse. Muzomera zazing'ono, kukanikiza kwa mphukira kumachitika, mwa akulu - kudulira. Kutsina koyamba kumachitika pamene chomera chaching'ono chimafika kutalika kwa 15-20 cm, ndiye kuti mphukira iliyonse imadulidwa ku masamba akunja, ikangofika 20 cm. 

Ndikofunikira kudula mivi yamaluwa, ndi mphukira zam'mbali zomwe zimatuluka kwambiri kuposa korona wopangidwa.

Pamene kukanikiza masamba apical a bala, ndi yamkaka madzi tightens; podula zimayambira, ndi bwino kuti ufa mabala ndi malasha wosweka.

Kudulira kumachitika m'chaka ndipo, ngati n'koyenera, m'chilimwe. Pakatha masiku 2-3 mutadulira, mbewu zimathiriridwa madzi, akorona amathiridwa ndi zolimbikitsa kukula.

Zofunika! Madzi amkaka a chomera ndi owopsa, choncho gwiritsani ntchito magolovesi okha.

Kubereka croton kunyumba

Croton (codiaum) imafalitsidwa ndi mbewu, zodula ndi zosanjikiza. 

Mbewu. Ndi kachulukidwe ka mbeu, makhalidwe a makolo sangasungidwe.

Mbewuzo ziyenera kukhala zatsopano, zimatsanuliridwa kwa mphindi 30 ndi madzi otentha (60 ° C), kenako zimaloledwa kutukumula m'madzi omwewo kwa tsiku. Bzalani m'mbale ndi chisakanizo cha peat ndi mchenga mpaka kuya kwa 1 cm. Phimbani ndi zojambulazo ndi kuika pa malo otentha. Thirani nthawi zonse mu thireyi. 

Masamba awiri enieni akawoneka, mbandezo zimayikidwa mumiphika.

Zodula. Pali njira ziwiri zopangira mizu: m'nthaka ndi madzi. Nthawi yabwino yodula ndi February-April. Zodulidwazo zimadulidwa kutalika kwa 2-10 cm, masamba apansi amachotsedwa. Madzi amkaka amatsukidwa ndi madzi ofunda, zigawozo zimaloledwa kuti ziume kwa maola atatu. Kenako odulidwawo amathiridwa ufa ndi Kornevin. Kudula kumabzalidwa mumphika wokhala ndi dothi lotayirira (perlite ndi peat) ndikukutidwa ndi mtsuko. Ikani m'malo otentha (15 ° C). Utsi tsiku lililonse ndikutsanulira madzi mu poto ngati pakufunika. The ndondomeko rooting amatenga pafupifupi 3 mwezi. Ndiye zomera obzalidwa miphika ndi dothi codiaum.

Zodulidwa zimatha kuzikanso mu kapu yamadzi. Komabe, padzakhala kofunikira kusunga kutentha kwamadzi kwabwino kwambiri - 22 - 24 ° C. Ndi kukula kwa mizu 1,5-2 cm, zodulidwa zimabzalidwa pansi, kuikidwa kwa masiku 2-3 pansi pa filimuyo. kenako mosamala kuwunika chinyezi m'nthaka (2).

- Nthawi zambiri amalemba za njira yozula codiaum ndi tsamba. Zowonadi, tsamba limawonekera mwachangu mizu. Komabe, kupitilirabe njirayi kuyimitsa, chifukwa mphukira yakukula ndiyofunikira kuti mbewu yatsopano iwoneke. Chifukwa chake, ndiye phesi lomwe limafunikira, kachidutswa kakang'ono ka tsinde kokhala ndi tsamba, - akufotokoza. wokhometsa mbewu zamkati Elizaveta Starostina.

Zigawo. Mu mitundu yokhala ndi mphukira zazitali, njira yofalitsira ndi kusanjika ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kuti muchite izi, chotsani khungwa pagawo lopanda kanthu la nthambi - ndi mphete ya 1 cm mulifupi, ikani sphagnum moss wonyowa pabalapo, kukulunga ndi filimu yotambasula, ndikuyikonza kuchokera pamwamba ndi pansi. M'mwezi umodzi zidzawonekera momwe mizu yamera kudzera mu moss. Pansi pawo, nthambi imadulidwa ndikubzalidwa pansi. 

Kuyika kwa Croton kunyumba

Ndikofunikira kubzala mbewu zazing'ono kawiri pachaka, zokulirapo kuposa zaka 2 - 2 nthawi muzaka ziwiri, akuluakulu samabzala, koma amangosintha dothi lapamwamba pachaka.

Kuika koyamba ndi masabata a 2 mutagula. Mphika uyenera kukhala 3 - 5 cm mulifupi kuposa wakale. 3 cm ya ngalande iyenera kuyikidwa pansi. Kuyambira pakuyika kwachiwiri, mbewu zimasamutsidwa, kuyesera kuti zisawononge dothi, koma ndikugwedeza pang'ono dothi lakale. Mizu yowonongeka ndi matenda imadulidwa ndikupukutidwa ndi makala ophwanyidwa.

Nthawi yabwino yobzala ndi masika. Chonde dziwani kuti simungathe kubzala chomera chamaluwa ndi chodwala (kupatula matenda owola).

Matenda a Croton

Anthracnose. Zimawoneka ngati mawanga otuwa kapena ofiirira pamasamba. Chifukwa nthawi zambiri kuthirira kwambiri ndi madzi osasunthika mumizu. 

Pofuna kuteteza, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa katatu ndikuthirira nthaka ndi fungicide iliyonse, mwachitsanzo, Fitosporin kapena Alirin, imagwiritsidwa ntchito (3). 

Kuwola kwa mizu. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa ndi masamba otumbululuka. Ndiyeno amauma ndi kugwa. 

Chomeracho chiyenera kuikidwa mwachangu, kuchotsa mizu yofewa komanso yokhudzidwa, kukonkha mabala ndi malasha ophwanyidwa. Onjezani mapiritsi awiri a Glyocladin pamwamba pa dothi. Uza mbewu ndi madzi ndi njira ya Alirin (3). 

Croton tizilombo

Spider mite. Tizilombo timeneti timasiya ma punctures ang'onoang'ono ndi mawanga oyera pamasamba. 

Monga njira yodzitetezera, kupopera mbewu nthawi zonse ndikupukuta masamba ndi siponji yonyowa kwadziwonetsera bwino. Ndikofunikira kutsuka chomera chomwe chakhudzidwa bwino ndi siponji ndi madzi a sopo, ndikupopera Actellik kapena Fitoverm katatu ndi nthawi ya masiku 7 (3).

Shchitovka. Tizilombo timawonekera pamasamba ndi tsinde - amawoneka ngati zowuma zofiirira. 

Chomeracho chiyenera kupukutidwa ndi thonje la thonje loviikidwa mu vodka, kenaka kutsukidwa ndi madzi a sopo, ndikuwonjezera kulowetsedwa kwa fumbi la fodya (supuni 1 pa 1 lita imodzi ya madzi otentha, wiritsani kwa mphindi 30, kusiya kwa tsiku, ndiye kupsyinjika ndi kuwonjezera 1 l. supuni ya sopo wamadzimadzi ochapira). Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kupopera mankhwala Actellik (3). 

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka

Tinafunsa za croton wokhometsa nyumba Elizaveta Starostina - adayankha mafunso otchuka kwambiri a olima maluwa.

Magwero a

1. Burlutskaya LA Houseplants. // M.: AST, 2009
2. Codiaeum variegatum // Plantsrescue. 

   https://www.plantsrescue.com/codiaeum-variegatum/

3. Gulu la boma la mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi agrochemicals omwe amaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'gawo la Federation kuyambira pa Julayi 6, 2021 // Unduna wa Zaulimi wa Federation

   https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii-i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/