Cryptosporidiosis ndi matenda a protozoan, ndiko kuti, matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, Cryptosporidium spp, yomwe imayambira m'matumbo, makamaka m'maselo a epithelial, ndipo imadziwonetsera makamaka ndi kutsekula m'mimba.

Ndi matenda omwe amakhudza anthu onse, pamlingo uliwonse wa moyo wawo, komanso nyama zambiri, makamaka ng'ombe ndi mbalame. Mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu yomwe imasokoneza munthu ndi C. hominis ndi C. Parvum. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timafotokoza za kuzungulira kwa asexual mkati mwa cell ya m'mimba, kenako kuzungulira kwa kugonana komwe kumabweretsa kutulutsa kwa oocysts opatsirana. Anthu amatha kutenga kachilombo pomwa ma oocysts.

Cryptosporidiosis ndi matenda omwe amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ayambitsa kale miliri yambiri. Chiwopsezo cha matenda chimasiyanasiyana pakati pa 0,6% ndi 2% m'maiko otukuka poyerekeza ndi 4% mpaka 32% ya anthu omwe akutukuka kumene.

Ku France, miliri yomwe idanenedwapo idachitika chifukwa choyipitsidwa ndi ndowe zamagawo ogawa madzi akumwa chifukwa chopatsirana sichimawonongedwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothira madzi. Kuthira chlorine m'madzi akumwa kapena madzi osambira sikokwanira kuwononga tizilombo.

Zindikirani kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala osagwira ntchito ndi kuzizira pansi pazikhalidwe zina: ziyenera kutenthedwa ndi -22 ° C kwa masiku osachepera 10 kapena kupitirira 65 ° C kwa mphindi ziwiri.

Madzi akumwa, maiwe osambira, anazale ndi ziweto zapakhomo zonse ndi nkhokwe za matendawa. Chopatsirana kwambiri, parasitosis iyi imafalikira kwa anthu makamaka ndi ziweto, makamaka ana a ng'ombe, ana a nkhosa, ana, ana a nkhumba, ana a mbuzi ndi zokwawa. Magwero opatsirana makamaka ndi kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi nyama, ndi ukazi kapena ulusi ndi njira ya ndowe ndi m'kamwa. N’zothekanso kutenga matenda mwa njira ina mwa kudya zakudya zoipitsidwa kapena kudya masamba a m’munda wothira manyowa oipitsidwa kapena madzi osathiridwa bwino.

Kupatsirana kwa munthu ndi munthu kumachitika kudzera munjira ya mkamwa. Mwachitsanzo, osasamba m’manja mutasintha thewera la mwana amene ali ndi kachilomboka.

Kupatsirana kwake kumangochitika mwa apo ndi apo kapena mliri.

Matenda a cryptosporidiosis nthawi zambiri amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kufufuza kwa parasitological kwa chopondapo chomwe chimawonetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Cryptosporidium. Kufufuza m'mimba kungathenso kuchitidwa. Cryptosporidiosis ayenera kusiyanitsidwa cyclosporiasis amene parasitic matenda chifukwa cha kumeza coccidia Cyclospora cayetanensis.

Ndi nyama

Ziweto, zizindikiro zimawonekera makamaka mwa nyama zazing'ono ndipo zimawoneka ngati kutsegula m'mimba kwachikasu, kuchepa thupi, kusanza, ndi kufooka kwambiri. Mu turkeys ndi anapiye, zizindikiro za matenda kupuma zingaoneke. 

Mwa anthu

Mwa munthu wathanzi, matenda nthawi zambiri asymptomatic. Zingayambitse matenda a m'mimba ndi kupweteka kwa m'mimba, kutopa, kutsegula m'mimba, nseru ndi kutentha thupi pang'ono. Cryptosporidiosis ingakhudzenso mapapo, koma izi ndizopadera.

Kutalika kwa matendawa kumasiyana: kumayambira masiku atatu mpaka khumi ndi anayi.

Nkhani ya anthu immunodeficient

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi immunodeficiency, matendawa ndi ovuta kwambiri. Imawonekera ndi kutsekula m'mimba koopsa komwe nthawi zina kumakhala choleriform syndrome (= yoyambitsidwa ndi majeremusi a toxinogenic). Majeremusi akuluakulu omwe amakhudzidwa ndi matenda a choleriform ndi Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens komanso enterotoxigenic E. coli ndi Vibrio cholerae.

Ziwopsezo zokwera za matenda zawonedwa mwa odwala AIDS omwe amatsekula m'mimba kosatha. Komabe, ku France, chiŵerengero cha odwala AIDS chatsika kwambiri kuyambira pamene anapatsidwa mankhwala ochizira HIV.

Nkhani ya anthu immunocompromised

Mwa anthu omwe alibe chitetezo chamthupi, okalamba ndi ana, kutsekula m'mimba kumakhala kotalika komanso kotalika ndipo kumatha kukhala kwanthawi yayitali. Akhoza kugwirizanitsidwa mwachindunji kapena mosagwirizana ndi imfa ya wodwalayo.

Cryptosporidiosis ikhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo cha moyo ikapezeka mwa munthu yemwe alibe chitetezo chokwanira.

Mankhwalawa amachitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Komabe, palibe mankhwala omwe amachiritsa 100%, ndiye kuti, palibe amene amachotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mankhwala ena ali ndi mphamvu zochepa monga paromomycin kapena nitazoxanide. Rifaximin ikuwoneka ngati molekyulu yothandiza kwambiri.

Pachimake cha matendawa, kudya kwabwinoko kumapewedwa, zomwe zingafunike kulowetsedwa kuti apereke zakudya zonse zofunika m'thupi, makamaka mchere wamchere chifukwa amachotsedwa ndi kutsekula m'mimba.

Prevention

Kuteteza kumaphatikizapo kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuipitsidwa ndi oocysts, polemekeza malamulo a ukhondo: kusamba m'manja bwino mutakumana ndi nyama, mutapita kuchimbudzi, musanadye ndi zina zotero; ndi kupewa kumwa madzi kapena chakudya chomwe chili ndi ndowe.