Zamkatimu
Ngakhale kuti ali ndi chiyambi chabwino, bowa ndi wokonzeka kupirira kusintha kwa kukula. Choncho, kulima bowa wa porcini m'dzikolo kulipo kwa wamaluwa aliyense amene ali ndi luso lolima mycelium wa mphatso zina za nkhalango. Ngati mulibe luso lotere, ndiye kuti musanayambe kukulitsa bowa wa porcini pawekha, muyenera kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane ukadaulo wa kulima, komanso bwino, yesetsani kuswana champignons.
Bowa woyera, kapena boletus, amatanthauza bowa tubular. Imamera m’malo amchenga, koma imathanso kumera m’nthaka yachonde. Imapezeka kwambiri pansi pa mitengo yamitengo, nthawi zambiri pansi pa mitengo ya thundu, imakonda mitengo yokhwima yoposa zaka 20. Amakhala m'madera otentha komanso otentha ku Eurasia. Fruit kuyambira June mpaka October.
Werengani nkhaniyi ndikuwonera kanema momwe mungakulire bowa wa porcini m'dziko kutchire. Pambuyo pake, mukhoza kuyamba kulima.
Kodi bowa woyera amawoneka bwanji?
Chophimba cha bowa cha porcini chikhoza kupakidwa utoto wamitundu yosiyanasiyana: chikasu, bulauni, bulauni, wofiira, wofiirira, wofiirira. Kupaka utoto kumadalira malo akukula kwa bowa. Komanso, chipewacho chikhoza kukhala chosiyana mumtundu: nthawi zambiri m'mphepete mwake chimakhala chopepuka kwambiri kuposa chapakati. Chipewacho ndi cha tubular, chooneka ngati khushoni, chimakula mpaka 20 cm mulifupi.
Ma tubules amakhala oyera poyamba, kenako amakhala achikasu-wobiriwira kapena achikasu-azitona. Mwendo ndi wandiweyani, wandiweyani m'munsimu, ndi ndondomeko ya mauna. Nthawi zina amapezeka kumtunda kokha kwa mwendo. Kawirikawiri mtundu wake umagwirizana ndi mtundu wa chipewa, chopepuka pang'ono. Zamkati mwa thupi la fruiting ndi zoyera, wandiweyani, zopanda fungo komanso kukoma kwa nutty. M'malo odulidwa, mtundu susintha.
Onani momwe bowa wa porcini amawoneka pazithunzi izi:
Bowa woyera ndi wamtengo wapatali osati chifukwa cha kukoma kwake. Komanso amatha yotithandiza katulutsidwe wa m`mimba timadziti. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti boletus malinga ndi michere yomwe ili ndi michere imasiyana kwambiri ndi bowa wina. Ngakhale zabwino zake zonse, ndizotsika kwambiri kwa boletus potengera kukhalapo kwa mapuloteni, chanterelle ndi morel potengera zomwe zili m'zinthu monga phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti digestibility ya mapuloteni mutatha kuyanika bowa woyera ukuwonjezeka ndi 80%. Bowa wouma uli ndi kukoma kwake kwapadera, kotero ufa wake umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokometsera pazakudya zosiyanasiyana.
Bowa woyera umakhalanso ndi makhalidwe ena othandiza: tonic, anti-infective, machiritso a bala, antitumor. Chifukwa cha lecithin yomwe ili mu bowa, imakhala yothandiza pa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi atherosclerosis, matenda a chiwindi ndi impso, komanso matenda a maso. Zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa chitetezo cha m'thupi, zimathandiza kuphwanya glycogens ndi mafuta, kuchotsa mafuta owonjezera m'thupi.
Bowawa, omwe amamera pansi pa mitengo yosiyanasiyana, amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kapu. Bowa wakuda kwambiri amamera pansi pa spruce, ndipo omwe amamera pansi pa paini amakhala ndi chipewa chokongola chofiira.
Zotsatirazi zikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane momwe angakulire bowa wa porcini m'nyumba yawo yachilimwe.
Momwe mungakulire bowa wa porcini: kukonzekera malo otseguka
Borovik wakhala akuonedwa kuti ndi mfumu ya bowa zonse. Musanayambe kukulitsa bowa wa porcini m'dzikolo, kumbukirani kuti ali m'gulu la mycorrhizal, ndiye kuti, masamba omwe ali ndi mizu yamitengo. Chifukwa chake, mikhalidwe yolima bowa wa porcini iyenera kukhala yofanana ndi momwe amakhalira kuthengo.
Bowa amakula kokha pansi pa birches, aspens, spruces, beeches, oak. Amakonda magalasi onyowa komanso opepuka, koma osati pansi padzuwa. Boletus sidzakula m'malo amdima. Komanso, bowa wa porcini samalekerera madera okhala ndi zitsamba, monga fern ndi ziboda. Posankha malo olima bowa, zonsezi ziyenera kuganiziridwa.
Ngati muli ndi mitengo yoyenera m'munda wanu, ndiye kuti mutha kuyamba kukula bowa wa porcini pamafakitale. M'mikhalidwe yopangira, popanda mitengo, palibe amene adakwanitsa kulima bowa.
Kuti mukule bowa wa porcini pamalo otseguka, muyenera kusamalira kukonzekera kwa mabedi. Kuti muchite izi, dzenje la 2 m m'lifupi ndi 30 cm kuya kwake limakumbidwa pamalo osankhidwa. Zimadzazidwa ndi kusakaniza kwapadera, komwe kumakonzedwa pasadakhale. Masamba a oak akugwa amakololedwa m'chaka ndikusakaniza ndi nkhuni zowola ndi ndowe za akavalo. Mitengo yonse ya thundu ndi manyowa a akavalo ayenera kuwonjezeredwa kumasamba mu chiŵerengero cha 5% ya voliyumu yawo. Choyamba, masamba amayala pafupifupi 20 cm, manyowa ang'onoang'ono a kavalo ndi nkhuni zowola zimatsanuliridwa ndikuthiriridwa ndi yankho la 1% la ammonium nitrate. Ndiye ikani chimodzimodzi wosanjikiza watsopano. Motero, zigawo zingapo zimachitika. Pambuyo pa masiku 7-10, chisakanizocho chiyenera kutentha mpaka 40 ° C. Panthawiyi, chiyenera kusakanikirana kuti chikhale chofanana. Patatha mwezi umodzi, osakaniza ndi wokonzeka ndipo anaika mu dzenje mu mawonekedwe a zigawo 10-12 masentimita wandiweyani. Mogwirizana ndi ukadaulo wolondola wokulitsa bowa wa porcini, gawo lililonse la osakaniza limatsanuliridwa ndi dothi lamunda 6-8 cm wandiweyani. Kutalika konse kwa bedi ndi pafupifupi 50 cm. Pakatikati amapangidwa pamwamba kuti madzi azigudubuza.
Zotsatirazi zikufotokozera momwe mungakulire mycelium wa bowa wa porcini mdziko muno.
Kubzala mycelium ndikusamalira bowa wa porcini
Pali njira zingapo zokulitsira porcini mycelium. Mu njira yoyamba, bowa wokhwima amasonkhanitsidwa ndikutsanulidwa ndi madzi amvula mu mbale yamatabwa. Kusakaniza kumeneku kumasiyidwa kwa tsiku. Kenako sakanizani bwino ndikusefa kudzera mu minofu yosowa. Chifukwa cha njirayi, ma porcini spores ambiri amakhalabe m'madzi. Amamira pansi. Kwa kumera kwawo, mukhoza kuwonjezera yisiti ya wophika mkate pang'ono m'madzi. Kenaka chotsani chithovucho pang'onopang'ono ndi supuni ndikukhetsa kumtunda kwa madzi omveka bwino, ndikuyika njira yonseyo ndi spores powala. Mutha kukhetsa zamadzimadzi zotsalira kuchokera muzotengera zosiyanasiyana kukhala chimodzi. Pambuyo pa sabata, kumtunda kwa madzi omveka bwino kumatsitsidwa mosamala, ndipo kuyimitsidwa kokhazikika kumatsanuliridwa m'mabotolo ndikusungidwa mufiriji. Kuyimitsidwa kumeneku kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa chaka chonse, koma ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mwezi woyamba, chifukwa ndi nthawi yomwe spores imakhalabe yotheka. Kusakaniza kumeneku kumatsanuliridwa pa bedi lokonzekera, ndipo dothi lapamwamba limachotsedwa poyamba. Mukhozanso kutsanulira kusakaniza kuzungulira mitengo yosankhidwa. Musanayambe kukula mycelium wa bowa porcini, choyamba muyenera mosamala, popanda kuwononga mizu ya mitengo, kuchotsa wosanjikiza nthaka. Izi zimachitika pofuna kuonetsa mizu ya mitengo. Ndiye kutsanulira iwo ndi kuyimitsidwa ndi kuphimba ndi lapansi kachiwiri. Thirani kuyimitsidwa pamlingo wa 400 g pa 30 cm iliyonse. Pambuyo pake, nthaka iyenera kuthiridwa mochuluka ndi zidebe 4-5 zamadzi.
Kanemayu akulankhula mwatsatanetsatane za kukula kwa mycelium wa bowa porcini koyamba:
Njira yachiwiri, mycelium imakololedwa m'malo omwe bowa woyera amamera. Chifukwa chiyani zigawo za dothi zimadulidwa mozungulira bowa ndi miyeso ya 20 X 30 cm ndi makulidwe a 10-15 cm. Kenaka amadulidwa m'zigawo zingapo ndikubzalidwa pabedi kapena pamalo osankhidwa kuti pakhale dothi la 5-7 masentimita pamwamba pawo. nyowetsani pang'ono ndikuphimba ndi masamba ndi zishango kuti zikhale zonyowa nthawi zonse.
Ceps iyenera kufesedwa pansi pa mitengo yomweyi yomwe idatengedwa. Zadziwika kuti bowa amakula bwino pansi pa mitengo yomwe ili ndi zaka 15-25.
Mutha kubzala mycelium mwanjira ina. Chifukwa chiyani zipewa za bowa za porcini zimadulidwa muzidutswa tating'ono ndikusakaniza ndi dothi laling'ono. Ndiye moisturize izo pang'ono. Mukhozanso kubzala zisoti zouma bowa pang'ono. Amawagoneka pakama ndi kuthirira. Pambuyo pa masiku 5-6 amachotsedwa - spores, pamodzi ndi madzi, zalowa kale m'nthaka. Mukhoza kuyika zidutswa za kapu pansi pa nthaka yosanjikiza. Ndi bwino kubzala mycelium mu September.
Kanemayu akuwonetsa momwe mungakulire bowa wa porcini mwa njira yachiwiri:
Pochoka, mycelium sayenera kutsanulidwa kwambiri ndi madzi, ikhoza kufa; koma m'dzinja louma liyenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi kapena sprayer. Kukula ndi kusamalira mycelium kumakhala kuthirira nthawi ndi nthawi m'chilimwe. Madzi makamaka m'mawa kwambiri. Sikuti ntchito mchere feteleza. Bowa wokhazikika amawonekera chaka chotsatira mutabzala, ndipo zokolola zabwino zimatengedwa zaka ziwiri mutabzala. Pansi pa mtengo umodzi mutha kupeza ndowa yokolola. Potola bowa, ayenera kudulidwa mosamala, kusiya zotsalira za tsinde kuti asawononge mycelium.