Zamkatimu
Bowa wachisanu ndi chimodzi mwa bowa omwe amatha kulimidwa kunyumba komanso kumalo otseguka. Chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu ndi kubereka kwa mycelium, koma ngati mutadziwa lusoli, ndiye kuti kulimanso mycelium sikudzakhala kovuta. Kumbukirani kuti kuswana bowa m'nyengo yozizira kunyumba, muyenera kuwapatsa sill yawindo kumpoto, chifukwa bowa sakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Winter Honey agaric ndi bowa wa agaric wodyedwa wa banja la mzere kuchokera ku mtundu wa Flammulin. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamisondodzi, aspens ndi popula, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, m'minda ndi m'mapaki.
Bowa ndi lofala kudera lakumpoto lotentha. Imakula kumayiko aku Western ndi Eastern Europe, Dziko Lathu, Japan. Amawonekera mu Seputembala - Novembala. M'madera akum'mwera, imatha kuwonedwanso mu December. Nthawi zina amapezekanso pambuyo pa chipale chofewa, chomwe chidatchedwa dzina lake.
Momwe mungasiyanitsire bowa wachisanu ndi bowa wina
Bowa uwu ndi saprotroph, umamera pamitengo yowonongeka ndi yofooka kapena pazitsa ndi mitengo yakufa, ndipo uli ndi zakudya zambiri.
Pali zizindikiro zingapo za momwe mungasiyanitsire bowa wachisanu ndi bowa wina. Chipewa chamtunduwu chimakula mpaka 2-5 cm mulifupi, kawirikawiri - mpaka 10 cm. Ndi yosalala ndi wandiweyani, kirimu kapena chikasu mu mtundu, yomata, mucous. Pakati ndi mdima kuposa m'mphepete. Nthawi zina zimakhala zofiirira pakati. Mambale ndi achikasu-bulauni kapena oyera, spore ufa ndi woyera. Mwendo ndi wandiweyani, zotanuka, 5-8 cm wamtali, 0,5-0,8 cm wandiweyani. Kumtunda kwake kumakhala kowala komanso kwachikasu, ndipo pansi pake kumakhala kofiirira kapena kofiirira. Bowawu ndi wosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya bowa. Pansi pa tsinde ndi ubweya-velvety. Kukoma kumakhala kochepa, kununkhira kumakhala kofooka.
Ndi zipewa zokha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Msuzi ndi supu zimakonzedwa kuchokera ku bowa wachisanu.
Zithunzi izi zikuwonetseratu kufotokozera kwa bowa wachisanu:
Kubala bwino kwa mycelium ya bowa yozizira
Popeza nyengo yozizira ya agaric imatha kuwononga mitengo yamoyo, imamera m'nyumba zokha. Pali njira ziwiri: zazikulu komanso zozama. Mu njira yoyamba, bowa amabzalidwa pamitengo. Ndi njira yayikulu, bowa amabzalidwa pagawo lomwe limayikidwa mumtsuko ndikuyikidwa pawindo.
Monga gawo laling'ono, mankhusu a mpendadzuwa, keke, mankhusu a buckwheat, chinangwa, chimanga chogwiritsidwa ntchito, chimanga cha chimanga chimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pakubereka koyenera kwa mycelium wa bowa wachisanu, kusakaniza kuyenera kukonzedwa mosiyanasiyana kutengera mawonekedwe a fillers. Ngati gawo lapansi lidzakhala ndi utuchi ndi chinangwa, ndiye kuti ayenera kusakanikirana mu chiŵerengero cha 3: 1. Utuchi wokhala ndi njere za brewer umasakanizidwa mu chiŵerengero cha 5: 1. Momwemonso, muyenera kusakaniza mankhusu a mpendadzuwa ndi mankhusu a buckwheat ndi mbewu. Udzu, mankhusu a mpendadzuwa, zikhomo zapansi, mankhusu a buckwheat akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku utuchi monga maziko a gawo lapansi mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1. Pazosakaniza zonsezi, zokolola zambiri zimapezeka. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pa utuchi wina, mycelium imakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zokolola zimakhala zochepa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, udzu, maso a chimanga, mankhusu a mpendadzuwa angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gawo lalikulu popanda kuwonjezera utuchi. Muyeneranso kuyika 1% gypsum ndi 1% superphosphate. Chinyezi cha osakaniza ndi 60-70%. Zida zonse ziyenera kukhala zopanda nkhungu komanso zowola.
Posankha zitsulo, chithandizo cha kutentha kwa gawo lapansi, pali njira zambiri zosiyana. Wothyola bowa aliyense amadzisankhira yekha, zoyenera pa nkhani yake.
Aliyense osakaniza ayenera wetted ndi kusiya kwa maola 12-24. Ndiye gawo lapansili ndi chosawilitsidwa. N'chifukwa chiyani akudwala kutentha mankhwala? Gawo lonyowa limapakidwa mwamphamvu mumitsuko kapena matumba ndikuyikidwa m'madzi. Bweretsani kwa chithupsa ndi kuphika kwa 2 hours. Pakukula kwa bowa m'mafakitale, gawo lapansi limatsukidwa kwathunthu mu autoclaves. Kunyumba, njirayi akufanana kunyumba kumalongeza masamba ndi zipatso. Kutseketsa kuyenera kubwerezedwa tsiku lotsatira.
Mukhozanso kuika gawo lapansi m'mabokosi ang'onoang'ono. Koma ndi bwino kuuthira musanayambe kulongedza mu chidebe. Gawo lapansi liyenera kupangidwa bwino likayikidwa mu chidebe
Kufesa mycelium yozizira bowa
Musanayambe kukula bowa yozizira pogwiritsa ntchito njira tima, gawo lapansi kufesa pambuyo kutentha mankhwala ayenera utakhazikika kwa 24-25 ° C. Ndiye muyenera kubweretsa njere mycelium, amene chitsulo kapena matabwa ndodo pakati pa mtsuko kapena. thumba limapanga dzenje kukuya konse kwa gawo lapansi. Pambuyo pake, mycelium imakula mofulumira ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito gawo lapansi mu makulidwe ake onse. Mycelium iyenera kulowetsedwa mu dzenje mu chiŵerengero cha 5-7% ya kulemera kwa gawo lapansi. Kenako ikani mitsuko pa malo otentha.
Kutentha kwabwino kwa mycelium ndi 24-25 ° C. Wothyola bowa amakula mkati mwa masiku 15-20. Zimatengera gawo lapansi, mphamvu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa. Panthawiyi, mitsuko yokhala ndi gawo lapansi imatha kusungidwa pamalo otentha komanso amdima, safuna kuwala. Koma gawo lapansi liyenera kuuma. Pachifukwa ichi, amakutidwa ndi zinthu zosungira madzi komanso zopumira - burlap kapena pepala wandiweyani. Gawo lonse likadzakula ndi mycelium, mitsuko yomwe ili nayo imasamutsidwa ku kuwala pamalo ozizira ndi kutentha kwa 10-15 ° C. Ndiwindo liti labwino kwambiri kumbali ya kumpoto. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuwala kwa dzuwa kuyenera kugwera pa iwo. Chotsani pepala kapena burlap. Makosi a zitini amakulungidwa ndi makatoni, ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi amathiridwa ndi madzi kuti ateteze gawo lapansi kuti lisaume.
Zoyambira za matupi a fruiting zimawonekera patatha masiku 10-15 kuchokera pamene zotengerazo zawonekera ndipo patatha masiku 25-35 mutabzala mycelium. Amawoneka ngati magulu a miyendo yopyapyala yokhala ndi zipewa zazing'ono. Zokolola zimatha kukolola patatha masiku khumi pambuyo pake. Magulu a bowa amadulidwa, ndipo zotsalira zawo zimachotsedwa mosamala ku mycelium. Kenako gawo lapansi limanyowa powaza ndi madzi. Pambuyo pa milungu iwiri, mutha kukolola mbewu ina. Kwa nthawi yonse yakukula, bowa mpaka 10 kg atha kupezeka mumtsuko umodzi wa malita atatu.