Monga bowa ena ambiri, boletus ndi bowa wa aspen amatha kulimidwa m'nyumba zachilimwe. Polima bowa wa aspen, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wokolola mycelium kapena kukonzekera kuyimitsidwa kwa bowa. Kukula kwa boletus m'dzikolo kumatha kufesedwa malo amthunzi pansi pa mitengo ndi spores za zipewa za bowa wakale.
Boletus ndi bowa wa tubular mycorrhizal. Amatchedwanso aspen, redhead. Zimapezeka m'dera lotentha la Northern Hemisphere. Imamera m'nkhalango zosakanikirana za aspen ku Europe, Siberia, Urals, Far East. Zipatso m'chilimwe kuyambira June mpaka September. Imakula m'malo onyowa, pa dothi lamchenga lopepuka. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa.
Chipewa cha bowa chaching'ono chimakhala chozungulira, m'mphepete mwake mumakanikizidwa mwamphamvu mpaka tsinde. M'kupita kwa nthawi, imakhala yosalala komanso yofanana ndi khushoni ndipo imakula mpaka 20 cm mulifupi. Mitundu imatha kukhala yofiira ndi yofiira-bulauni mpaka yoyera kapena yoyera-bulauni. Ma tubules ndi imvi, zonona kapena zoyera. Mwendo umakulirakulira pansi kapena cylindrical, woyera, amakula mpaka 20 cm m'litali ndi mpaka 5 cm mulifupi. Imakutidwa ndi mamba amtundu wofiirira kapena wakuda. Zamkati ndi wandiweyani, woyera, wamphamvu, nthawi zina amasanduka buluu kapena wofiira akadulidwa.
Muphunzira momwe mungakulire boletus ndi boletus mdziko muno powerenga zomwe zili patsamba lino.
Kulima bwino boletus m'munda
Pokula boletus, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito njere mycelium. Pamalopo, muyenera kusankha malo amthunzi, onyowa, otetezedwa ku mphepo, ndikofunika kuti aspens kapena mitengo ina yankhalango ikule pafupi. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yamchenga. Pamalo osankhidwa, amakumba dzenje lokhala ndi miyeso ya 2 X 2 m ndi kuya kwa 30 cm. Kenako m'munsi mwake muli ndi masamba okhala ndi wosanjikiza 10 cm wandiweyani. Ndi bwino kutenga aspen masamba kapena utuchi. Kenako gawo lachiwiri limapangidwa kuchokera kumtunda wankhalango wotengedwa pansi pa aspens. Iyeneranso kukhala 10 cm wandiweyani. Kenako chimanga cha mycelium chimatsanulidwa ndipo chilichonse chimakutidwa ndi dothi lamunda.
Mycelium ikhoza kufesedwa m'njira ziwiri - kukonzekera njere za mycelium ndikuziyika m'mabedi okonzeka, kapena kuyimitsa.
Kuti apange kuyimitsidwa, bowa zazikulu zakupsa ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa m'nkhalango ndipo wosanjikiza wa tubular uyenera kupatulidwa nawo. Kenaka idutseni mu chopukusira nyama ndikuyiyika mu chidebe chokhala ndi madzi amvula: kwa malita 10 a madzi - 2 kg ya bowa. Onjezani 15 g ya yisiti ya wophika mkate, sakanizani ndikuwonjezera kwa masabata awiri firiji. Pamene chithovu chokhala ndi zinyalala zazing'ono ndi zamkati particles zikuwonekera pamwamba, kuyimitsidwa ndi wokonzeka. Iyenera kutsanuliridwa pa bedi lokonzekera, pansi pa pamwamba pa nthaka yamunda. Kenaka kuthirirani bedi ndi madzi amvula ndikuphimba ndi burlap.
Kulima koyenera kwa boletus pawekha m'chilimwe chowuma kumaphatikizapo kunyowetsa mabedi. Iyenera kuthiriridwa kuchokera kumadzi okwanira kapena ndi sprayer. Bowa woyamba amawonekera chaka chamawa mutabzala mycelium. Bowa wa Aspen ayenera kusonkhanitsidwa mosamala, kuwadula, osati kuwapotoza, kuti asawononge mycelium.
Ku Japan, mtundu wofanana ndi agaric wa winter honey umalimidwa - spindle-legged colibia, bowa wodyedwa wokhazikika. Ndi zipewa zokha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya, popeza miyendo ndi yovuta kwambiri. Ndi bowa wodziwika kwambiri muzakudya zaku Japan.
Kenako, muphunzira momwe mungakulire bowa wa boletus nokha.
Momwe mungakulire boletus m'dziko?
Boletus ndi bowa wodziwika kwambiri wa tubular. Imamera pafupi ndi birches ndikupanga symbiosis ndi mizu yawo. Amapezeka m'nkhalango za ku Ulaya, Siberia, Urals, Far East, ngakhale ku Arctic. Imakula m'nkhalango zosakanikirana, mu tundra ndi madambo, m'mphepete ndi m'mapiri, m'malo owala. Zipatso m'chilimwe, kuyambira June mpaka September.
Chipewa cha bowa chimakula mpaka 15 cm m'mimba mwake. Poyamba zimakhala zowoneka bwino, kenako zimakhala zosalala. Zimachitika imvi, zofiirira, zoyera, zofiirira, zakuda. Poyamba ma tubules amakhala oyera, kenako amakhala bulauni-imvi. Mwendowo umakula mpaka 20 cm wamtali mpaka 3 cm mulifupi, wokhuthala pang'ono pansi kapena cylindrical, yoyera komanso yokutidwa ndi mamba otuwa, ofiirira kapena akuda oblong. Mnofu ndi woyera, wandiweyani, ukhoza kutembenukira pinki pa odulidwa. Boletus amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yonse ya zosoweka.
Kukula boletus kumatheka poyera pansi pa mitengo. Zinthu zonse zomwe zili pafupi ndi chilengedwe ziyenera kupangidwa kuti mycelium ikule. N'chifukwa chiyani kusankha mpweya wokwanira malo owala, koma kutetezedwa ku dzuwa. Ndi bwino kukhala ndi mycelium pafupi ndi birches. Koma mutha kusankhanso chiwembu m'munda wa zipatso.
Musanakulire boletus m'munda, muyenera kukumba dzenje lakuya 30 cm, 2 X 2 m kukula. Pansi pa dzenjelo, utuchi wa birch kapena masamba 10 cm wandiweyani umayikidwa. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito chisakanizo cha makungwa a birch ndi utuchi. Gawo lachiwiri limapangidwa kuchokera ku humus wotengedwa kuchokera ku mycelium ya boletus m'nkhalango. Mbewu za mycelium za bowa zimatsanuliridwa pamenepo ndikukutidwa ndi masamba kapena utuchi. Iyenera kukhala yofanana ndi yoyamba, 3 cm wandiweyani. Chosanjikiza chomaliza chimapangidwa kuchokera ku dothi lamunda wokhuthala 5 cm. Madzi ndi madzi ofunda amvula.
M'malo mwa tirigu mycelium, mukhoza kubzala bedi ndi spores kuchokera zisoti za bowa wakale. Chifukwa chiyani zipewa zimathiridwa ndi madzi amvula ndikuziyika mu chidebe chamatabwa. Tsiku lotsatira, madziwo amasefedwa ndikuthiriridwa ndi bedi lokonzekera.
Ngati kufesa kumachitika ndi njere mycelium, ndiye bowa woyamba amawonekera mu miyezi 2,5-3 ndipo mutha kukolola masabata 2-3 aliwonse mpaka kumapeto kwa autumn. Mu njira yachiwiri, bowa amawonekera chaka chotsatira.
Kukula bowa kumangokhala kuthirira mabedi. Iyenera kukhala yonyowa nthawi zonse. Koma simuyenera kuchita mopambanitsa. Kuchokera ku chinyezi chambiri, mycelium imatha. Bowa ayenera kudulidwa mosamala ndi mpeni popanda kuwononga mycelium. Mukakolola mbewu yotsatira, bedi liyenera kuthiriridwa bwino ndi mvula kapena madzi achitsime.