Chikwapu cha Deer (Pluteus cervinus) chithunzi ndi kufotokozera

Chikwapu cha Deer (Pluteus cervinus)

• Bowa wa Deer

• Plyutey bulauni
• Plutey mdima wakuda
• Agaricus pluteus
• Hyporrhodius mbawala
• Mbawala ya Pluteus f. nswala
• Hyporrhodius cervinus var. chiberekero

Dzina lapano: Pluteus cervinus (Schaeff.) P. Kumm., Der Führer in die Pilzkunde: 99 (1871)

Chikwapu cha nswala chimagawidwa kwambiri komanso chimapezeka kumadera ambiri a Eurasia ndi North America, makamaka m'madera otentha. Bowa limeneli nthawi zambiri limamera pamitengo yolimba, koma silosankha kwambiri mtundu wa nkhuni limene limamera, komanso silimasankha nthawi yomwe lidzabala zipatso, kuwonekera kuyambira masika mpaka autumn komanso ngakhale nyengo yozizira m'madera otentha.

Chipewacho chikhoza kukhala chamitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma mithunzi ya bulauni nthawi zambiri imakhala yambiri. Mambale otayirira amakhala oyera poyamba, koma mwachangu amapeza utoto wa pinki.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa (Justo et al., 2014) pogwiritsa ntchito deta ya DNA akuwonetsa kuti pali mitundu ingapo ya "enigmatic" yomwe imadziwika kuti Pluteus cervinus. Justo et al anachenjeza kuti mawonekedwe a morphological sangathe kudaliridwa nthawi zonse kuti alekanitse mitundu iyi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imafunikira ma microscopy kuti adziwe bwino.

mutu: 4,5-10 cm, nthawi zina mpaka 12 komanso mpaka 15 cm mulitali amasonyezedwa. Poyamba zozungulira, zowoneka ngati belu.

Kenako imakhala yowoneka bwino kapena pafupifupi yathyathyathya, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi tubercle yapakati.

Ndi zaka - pafupifupi lathyathyathya:

Khungu pa kapu ya bowa wamng'ono ndi zomata, koma posakhalitsa amauma, ndipo akhoza kumamatira pang'ono ponyowa. Wonyezimira, wosalala, wadazi kapena wosalala bwino pakati, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mizere yozungulira.

Nthawi zina, kutengera nyengo, pamwamba pa kapu sikhala yosalala, koma "makwinya", bumpy.

Mtundu wa kapu ndi mdima wonyezimira wotuwa: bulauni, imvi, bulauni wabuluu, nthawi zambiri wokhala ndi maolivi kapena imvi kapena (kawirikawiri) pafupifupi yoyera, wokhala ndi mdima wandiweyani, wofiirira kapena wofiirira pakati ndi m'mphepete mwake.

Mphepete mwa kapu nthawi zambiri sakhala ndi nthiti, koma nthawi zina imatha kukhala nthiti kapena kusweka mu zitsanzo zakale.

mbale: Yomasuka, yotakata, pafupipafupi, yokhala ndi mbale zambiri. Achinyamata a plutees ali ndi zoyera:

Kenako amasanduka pinki, imvi-pinki, pinki ndipo pamapeto pake amakhala ndi thupi lolemera, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawanga akuda, pafupifupi ofiira.

mwendoKukula: 5-13 cm wamtali ndi 5-15 mm wandiweyani. Zowongoka kwambiri kapena zochepa, zitha kukhala zopindika pang'ono m'munsi, cylindrical, lathyathyathya kapena maziko okhuthala pang'ono. Zouma, zosalala, zadazi kapena nthawi zambiri zokhala ndi mamba a brownish. Pansi pa mapesi, mamba ndi oyera, ndipo white basal mycelium nthawi zambiri amawoneka. Zonse, zamkati zapakati pa mwendo zimakhala zochepa.

Pulp: zofewa, zoyera, sizisintha mtundu pa malo odulidwa ndi ophwanyika.

Futa kukomoka, pafupifupi osadziwika, ofotokozedwa ngati fungo la chinyontho kapena nkhuni zonyowa, "zofanana pang'ono", kawirikawiri ngati "bowa wofooka".

Kukumana nthawi zambiri amafanana ndi osowa.

Kusintha kwa mankhwala: KOH negative mpaka lalanje wotumbululuka kwambiri pamwamba pa kapu.

Chizindikiro cha ufa wa spore: pinki yofiirira.

Makhalidwe a Microscopic:

Spores 6-8 x 4,5-6 µm, ellipsoid, yosalala, yosalala. Hyaline kupita ku ocher pang'ono ku KOH

Plyutey Deer amakula kuyambira kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa autumn pamitengo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, payekhapayekha, m'magulu kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.

Imakonda kudumpha, koma imathanso kukula m'nkhalango za coniferous. Imamera pamitengo yakufa ndi yokwiriridwa, pazitsa ndi pafupi nayo, imathanso kumera m'munsi mwa mitengo yamoyo.

Magwero osiyanasiyana amawonetsa zidziwitso zosiyana kwambiri kotero kuti munthu angadabwe: kuchokera ku inedible mpaka edible, ndi malingaliro owiritsa osalephera, kwa mphindi 20.

Malinga ndi zomwe wolemba walembali, bowa ndi wodyedwa. Ngati pali fungo lamphamvu, bowa akhoza kuwiritsa kwa mphindi 5, kukhetsedwa ndikuphika mwanjira iliyonse: mwachangu, mphodza, mchere kapena marinate. Osowa kukoma ndi fungo kwathunthu kutha.

Koma kukoma kwa zikwapu za gwape, tinene, ayi. Zamkati ndi zofewa, pambali pa izo mwamphamvu yowiritsa pansi.

Mitundu ya zikwapu ili ndi mitundu yoposa 140, yomwe ina ndiyovuta kusiyanitsa wina ndi mzake.

Plyuteus atromarginatus (Pluteus atromarginatus)

Uwu ndi mtundu wosowa, womwe umasiyanitsidwa ndi chipewa chakuda ndi m'mphepete mwa mbale zakuda. Imamera pamitengo ya coniferous yovunda, imabala zipatso kuyambira theka lachiwiri la chilimwe.

Woyimba wa Pluteus pouzarianus. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa zingwe pa hyphae, zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi maikulosikopu. Imakula pamitengo yamitundu yofewa (coniferous), yopanda fungo lodziwika.

Plyutey – Reindeer (Pluteus rangifer). Imakula mu boreal (kumpoto, taiga) ndi nkhalango zosinthika kumpoto kwa 45th parallel.

Mamembala ofanana amtundu wofananira Volvariella zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa Volvo.

Mamembala ofanana amtundu entolome khalani ndi mbale zotsatizana m'malo mwaulere. Kumera pa dothi.

Collybia platyphylla (Megacollybia platyphylla)

Kollybia, molingana ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, bowa wosadyedwa kapena wodyedwa wokhazikika, amasiyanitsidwa ndi mbale zosowa, zoyera kapena zonona ndi zingwe zapamunsi pa tsinde.