Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti dementia (kapena dementia) mwa okalamba ndi yosasinthika, ndipo tingathe kuvomereza izi. Koma sizili choncho nthawi zonse. Ngati matenda a dementia amayamba motsutsana ndi maziko a kupsinjika maganizo, amatha kuwongoleredwa. Kupsinjika maganizo kungathenso kusokoneza ntchito yachidziwitso mwa achinyamata. Kufotokozera kwa psychotherapist Grigory Gorshunin.
Mliri wa dementia unafalikira pa chikhalidwe cha m’tauni. Anthu okalamba akamakula, m’pamenenso amadwala kwambiri pakati pawo, kuphatikizapo matenda a maganizo. Chodziwika kwambiri mwa izi ndi dementia kapena senile dementia.
"Atate wanga atamwalira, amayi anga azaka 79 adasiya kuchita zinthu zatsiku ndi tsiku, adasokonezeka, sanatseke chitseko, zikalata zotayika, ndipo kangapo sanapeze nyumba yawo pakhomo," akutero wazaka 45. - Pavel wakale.
Pali chikhulupiliro pakati pa anthu kuti ngati munthu wachikulire ataya kukumbukira ndi luso la tsiku ndi tsiku, izi ndizosiyana zachizoloŵezi, gawo la "ukalamba wamba". Ndipo popeza kuti “kukalamba kulibe mankhwala,” ndiye kuti mikhalidwe imeneyi sifunikira kuchiritsidwa. Komabe, Pavel sanagwirizane ndi malingaliro awa: "Tinayitana dokotala yemwe adapereka mankhwala" kukumbukira "ndi" kuchokera ku ziwiya ", zidakhala bwino, komabe amayi sakanatha kukhala okha, ndipo tinalemba namwino. Amayi kaŵirikaŵiri anali kulira, kukhala m’malo amodzi, ndipo ine ndi mkazi wanga tinalingalira kuti zimenezi zinali zokumana nazo chifukwa cha imfa ya mwamuna wake.
Ndi anthu ochepa amene amadziwa kuti nkhawa ndi kupsinjika maganizo zimakhudza kwambiri kuganiza ndi kukumbukira.
Kenako Pavel anaitana dokotala wina kuti: “Iye ananena kuti pali vuto la kulumala, koma amayi anga ali ndi vuto la kuvutika maganizo kwambiri.” Pambuyo pa milungu iŵiri ya chithandizo chotonthoza, maluso a tsiku ndi tsiku anayamba kuchira: “Amayi mwadzidzidzi anasonyeza chikondwerero m’khichini, anakhala wokangalika, kuphika mbale zanga zomwe ndimazikonda, maso awo anakhalanso atanthauzo.”
Miyezi iwiri itatha chithandizo, Pavel anakana chithandizo cha namwino, yemwe amayi ake anayamba kukangana naye, chifukwa adayambanso kusamalira m'nyumba. “N’zoona kuti si mavuto onse amene anathetsedwa,” anavomereza motero Pavel, “kuyiwala kwatsala, amayi achita mantha kutuluka, ndipo tsopano ine ndi mkazi wanga timawabweretsera chakudya. Koma kunyumba, amadzisamalira yekha, adayambanso kukhala ndi chidwi ndi zidzukulu zake, kugwiritsa ntchito foni moyenera.
Chinachitika ndi chiyani? Kodi dementia yapita? Inde ndi ayi. Ngakhale pakati pa madokotala, ndi anthu ochepa chabe amene amadziwa kuti nkhawa ndi kuvutika maganizo zimakhudza kwambiri kuganiza ndi kukumbukira. Ngati kuvutika maganizo kumathandizidwa, ndiye kuti ntchito zambiri zamaganizo zingathe kubwezeretsedwa.
Zovuta za achinyamata
Zomwe zachitika posachedwa ndi achinyamata omwe sangathe kupirira ntchito zanzeru, koma mwachidwi samalumikiza mavutowa ndi malingaliro awo. Odwala achichepere pa nthawi yokumana ndi akatswiri amisala amadandaula osati chifukwa cha nkhawa komanso kukhumudwa, koma kutayika kwa mphamvu zogwirira ntchito komanso kutopa kosalekeza. Pokhapokha pakukambitsirana kwautali m’pamene amamvetsetsa kuti chifukwa chake chiri mu mkhalidwe wawo wamaganizo wopsinjika maganizo.
Alexander, wazaka 35, anadandaula kuti kuntchito “zonse zimasokonekera” ndipo sakumbukira n’komwe ntchito zake. Magazi ake adakwera, wochiritsayo adatsegula tchuthi chodwala. Mankhwala "okumbukira", omwe adokotala adanena, sanasinthe mkhalidwewo. Kenako Alexander anatumizidwa kwa katswiri wa zamaganizo.
“Ndinkaopa kupita, ndinkaganiza kuti andizindikira kuti ndine wopenga ndipo akandichitira nkhanza kuti ndikhale “masamba”. Koma zongopeka zoyipazo sizinachitike: nthawi yomweyo ndinamasuka. Tinabwereranso, ndinasiya kulalatira achibale anga, ndipo patapita masiku khumi ndinatulutsidwa, ndipo ndinayamba kugwira ntchito bwino kuposa poyamba.”
Nthawi zina pakatha sabata imodzi yamankhwala odekha, anthu amayambanso kuganiza bwino.
Kodi Alexander anazindikira kuti chifukwa cha "dementia" yake yagona mu malingaliro amphamvu? “Kaŵirikaŵiri ndimakhala munthu wodera nkhaŵa,” iye akuseka, “woyenera, ndimawopa kukhumudwitsa wina kuntchito, sindinaone mmene ndinaliri wolemetsa.”
Kungakhale kulakwitsa kwakukulu kuyang'anizana ndi kulephera kugwira ntchito, mantha ndi kusiya. Nthawi zina patatha mlungu wodekha mankhwala, anthu amayamba kuganiza bwino ndi "kupirira" ndi moyo kachiwiri.
Koma kuvutika maganizo muukalamba kuli ndi makhalidwe ake: kungathe kuoneka ngati kukula kwa dementia. Okalamba ambiri amakhala opanda chochita pamene zokumana nazo zamphamvu ziikidwa pamwamba pa mkhalidwe wawo wovuta wakuthupi, umene ena kaŵirikaŵiri samauwona, makamaka chifukwa cha chinsinsi cha odwalawo. Kodi chodabwitsa cha achibale ndi chiyani pamene "chosasinthika" cha dementia chikuchepa.
Pa msinkhu uliwonse, ngati "vuto la mutu" likuyamba, muyenera kukaonana ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo musanapange MRI.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti pali njira zingapo zosinthira kapena pafupifupi kusinthika kwa dementia. Tsoka ilo, ndi osowa ndipo sapezeka kawirikawiri. Pankhaniyi, tikulimbana ndi pseudo-dementia: kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi zochitika zamphamvu, zomwe munthuyo sangadziwe. Imatchedwa depressive pseudodementia.
Pa msinkhu uliwonse, ngati "mavuto ndi mutu" ayamba, muyenera kufunsa katswiri wa zamaganizo musanapange MRI. Thandizo likhoza kukhala lachipatala kapena lamaganizo, malingana ndi zovuta zomwe zikuchitika.
Zoyenera kuyang'ana
Chifukwa chiyani dDepressive pseudodementia nthawi zambiri zimachitika ukalamba? Payokha, ukalamba umagwirizanitsidwa ndi anthu omwe akuvutika, matenda ndi mavuto azachuma. Okalamba iwo eni nthaŵi zina samaulula zokumana nazo zawo kwa okondedwa awo chifukwa cha kusafuna “kukwiyitsa” kapena kuwoneka opanda chochita. Kuonjezera apo, amaona kuvutika maganizo kwawo mopepuka, chifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa kupsinjika maganizo kosatha nthawi zonse zimatha kupezeka.
Nazi zizindikiro zisanu ndi zinayi zofunika kuziwona:
- Zotayika zam'mbuyomu: okondedwa, ntchito, kukhala ndi ndalama.
- Kusamukira kumalo ena okhala.
- Matenda osiyanasiyana a somatic omwe munthu amadziwa kuti ndi owopsa.
- Kusungulumwa.
- Kusamalira achibale ena odwala.
- Misozi.
- Mantha omwe amanenedwa pafupipafupi (kuphatikiza zopusa) pa moyo wake ndi katundu wake.
- Malingaliro opanda pake: "Ndatopa ndi aliyense, ndimasokoneza aliyense."
- Malingaliro opanda chiyembekezo: "Palibe chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo."
Ngati mupeza zizindikiro ziwiri mwa zisanu ndi zinayi mwa wokondedwa, ndi bwino kukaonana ndi dokotala yemwe amachitira okalamba (geriatrics), ngakhale okalamba okha subjectively samaona mavuto awo.
Kupsinjika maganizo kumachepetsa nthawi ndi khalidwe la moyo, kwa munthu mwiniyo komanso malo ake, otanganidwa ndi nkhawa. Ndiiko komwe, kusamalira wokondedwa wopsinjika maganizo kuli mtolo wowirikiza.