Dermatomyositis ndi matenda aakulu omwe amakhudza khungu ndi minofu. Ndi matenda a autoimmune omwe chiyambi chake sichinadziwikebe, chomwe chili m'gulu la myopathies yotupa yotupa, pamodzi ndi mwachitsanzo polymyositis. Matendawa amakula kwa zaka zambiri ndikuzindikira bwino, popanda zovuta zazikulu, koma zimatha kusokoneza luso lagalimoto la wodwalayo. Akuti munthu mmodzi mwa 1 mpaka 50 mwa munthu mmodzi amakhala ndi dermatomyositis (kufalikira kwake) ndi kuti chiwerengero cha matenda atsopano pachaka ndi 000 mpaka 1 pa anthu miliyoni (zochitika zake). (10)

Zizindikiro za dermatomyositis ndizofanana kapena zofanana ndi zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi myopathies yotupa: zotupa pakhungu, kupweteka kwa minofu ndi kufooka. Koma zinthu zingapo zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kusiyanitsa dermatomyositis ndi myopathies ena yotupa:

• Kutupa pang'ono zofiira ndi zofiirira pankhope, khosi ndi mapewa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zizindikiro zoyamba zachipatala. Kuwonongeka kotheka kwa zikope, mwa mawonekedwe a magalasi, ndi khalidwe.
• Minofu imakhudzidwa mofanana, kuyambira pamimba (m'mimba, khosi, trapezius ...) isanafike, nthawi zina, mikono ndi miyendo.
• Kuthekera kwakukulu kolumikizidwa ndi khansa. Khansara imeneyi nthawi zambiri imayamba pakadutsa miyezi kapena zaka matendawa, koma nthawi zina zizindikiro zoyambirira zikangoyamba kuonekera (zimachitikanso zisanachitike). Nthawi zambiri ndi khansa ya m'mawere kapena mazira kwa amayi komanso ya m'mapapo, prostate ndi ma testes kwa amuna. Magwero sagwirizana pa chiopsezo cha anthu omwe ali ndi dermatomyositis kukhala ndi khansa (10-15% kwa ena, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu kwa ena). Mwamwayi, izi sizikugwira ntchito kwa achinyamata mawonekedwe a matendawa.

MRI ndi minofu biopsy idzatsimikizira kapena kukana matendawa.

Kumbukirani kuti dermatomyositis ndi matenda a gulu la idiopathic yotupa myopathies. Mawu akuti "idiopathic" kutanthauza kuti chiyambi chawo sichidziwika. Mpaka pano, palibe chomwe chimayambitsa kapena njira yeniyeni ya matendawa imadziwika. Zingachitike chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa majini ndi chilengedwe.

Komabe, tikudziwa kuti ndi matenda a autoimmune, ndiko kuti, kuchititsa kusokonezeka kwa chitetezo chamthupi, ma autoantibodies akutembenukira ku thupi, pamenepa motsutsana ndi maselo ena a minofu ndi khungu. Komabe, dziwani kuti si anthu onse omwe ali ndi dermatomyositis omwe amapanga ma autoantibodies awa. Mankhwala amathanso kuyambitsa, monganso ma virus. (1)

Azimayi amakhudzidwa ndi dermatomyositis nthawi zambiri kuposa amuna, pafupifupi kawiri. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi matenda a autoimmune, osadziwa chifukwa chake. Matendawa amatha kuwoneka pazaka zilizonse, koma amawonekera kwambiri pakati pa zaka 50 ndi 60. Pankhani ya juvenile dermatomyositis, nthawi zambiri imawonekera pakati pa zaka 5 ndi 14. Tiyenera kutsindika kuti matendawa si opatsirana kapena obadwa nawo.

Popanda kuchitapo kanthu (zosadziwika) zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, chithandizo cha dermatomyositis cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa / kuthetsa kutupa popereka mankhwala a corticosteroids (mankhwala a corticosteroid), komanso kulimbana ndi kupanga ma autoantibodies kwa anthu. immunomodulatory kapena immunosuppressive mankhwala.

Mankhwalawa amathandizira kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa minofu ndi kuwonongeka, koma zovuta zimatha kuchitika pakachitika khansa komanso zovuta zosiyanasiyana (mtima, pulmonary, etc.). Juvenile dermatomyositis imatha kuyambitsa zovuta zam'mimba mwa ana.

Odwala ayenera kuteteza khungu lawo ku kuwala kwa dzuwa kwa ultraviolet, zomwe zingawonjezere zotupa pakhungu, povala zovala ndi / kapena kuteteza dzuwa. Matendawa akangodziwika, wodwalayo ayenera kuyesedwa pafupipafupi kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi khansa yokhudzana ndi matendawa.