Zamkatimu
Kuyambira ndili mwana, ndamva za wanthanthi wakale wanzeru Diogenes wa ku Sinop, yemwe “ankakhala m’mbiya.” Ndinalingalira chombo chamatabwa chouma, chofanana ndi chimene ndinachiwona ndi agogo anga aakazi kumudzi. Ndipo sindinkatha kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake munthu wokalamba (afilosofi onse ankawoneka kwa ine okalamba panthawiyo) amayenera kukhazikika mu chidebe chotere. Pambuyo pake, zidapezeka kuti mbiyayo inali dongo komanso yayikulu, koma izi sizinachepetse kudodoma kwanga. Zinakula kwambiri nditadziwa mmene munthu wachilendoyu ankakhalira.
Adani adamutcha "galu" (m'Chi Greek - "kinos", motero mawu akuti "cynicism") chifukwa cha moyo wake wopanda manyazi komanso mawu achipongwe osalekeza, omwe sanadumphe ngakhale abwenzi apamtima. M’bandakucha, ankayendayenda ndi nyali yoyaka n’kunena kuti akufunafuna munthu. Iye anataya kapu ndi mbale pamene anaona mnyamata akumwa kuchokera m’dzanja ndi kudya pa dzenje la nyenyeswa ya mkate, nati: Mwana wandiposa ine mu kuphweka kwa moyo. Diogenes ananyoza kubadwa kwa munthu wamkulu, akutcha chuma “chokongoletsedwa ndi makhalidwe oipa” ndipo ananena kuti umphaŵi ndiwo njira yokha yopezera chigwirizano ndi chilengedwe. Zaka zambiri pambuyo pake ndinazindikira kuti chiyambi cha filosofi yake sichinali mwadala mwadala ndi kulemekeza umphawi, koma mu chikhumbo cha ufulu. Komabe, chododometsa n’chakuti ufulu wotero umatheka chifukwa cha kusiya zonse, mapindu a chikhalidwe, ndi kusangalala ndi moyo. Ndipo umasanduka ukapolo watsopano. Wosuliza (m'matchulidwe achi Greek - "wosuliza") amakhala ngati akuwopa zopindulitsa zopanga zilakolako za chitukuko ndikuthawa, m'malo mozitaya mwaufulu ndi mwanzeru.
Masiku ake
- CHABWINO. 413 BC e.: Diogenes anabadwira ku Sinope (panthawiyo dera lachi Greek); bambo ake anali osintha ndalama. Malinga ndi nthano, buku la Delphic oracle linaneneratu za tsoka la munthu wonyenga. Diogenes amathamangitsidwa ku Sinop - akunenedwa chifukwa cha ma alloys abodza omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ndalama. Mu Atene, anakhala wotsatira wa Antisthenes, wophunzira wa Socrates ndi woyambitsa sukulu yafilosofi ya osuliza, wopempha, “akukhala m’mbiya.” Plato, yemwe anakhalapo m’nthawi ya Diogenes, anamutcha kuti “Socrates wamisala.”
- Pakati pa 360 ndi 340 BC e.: Diogenes akuyendayenda, akulalikira nzeru zake, kenako anagwidwa ndi achifwamba omwe amamugulitsa kuukapolo pachilumba cha Krete. Wafilosofiyo amakhala "mbuye" wauzimu wa mbuye wake Xeniad, amaphunzitsa ana ake. Mwa njira, iye anachita bwino ndi ntchito zake kotero kuti Xeniades anati: “M’nyumba mwanga munakhala munthu wanzeru wokoma mtima.”
- Pakati pa 327 ndi 321 BC e.: Diogenes anamwalira, malinga ndi mabuku ena, ku Athens ndi typhus.
Mfungulo zisanu zomvetsetsa
Khalani ndi zomwe mumakhulupirira
Filosofi simasewera amalingaliro, koma njira yamoyo m'lingaliro lonse la mawu, Diogenes adakhulupirira. Chakudya, zovala, nyumba, zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku, ndalama, maubwenzi ndi akuluakulu a boma ndi anthu ena - zonsezi ziyenera kukhala pansi pa zikhulupiriro zanu ngati simukufuna kuwononga moyo wanu. Chilakolako ichi - kukhala ndi moyo monga momwe munthu amaganizira - ndizofala ku masukulu onse afilosofi akale, koma pakati pa otsutsa adawonetsedwa kwambiri. Kwa Diogenes ndi otsatira ake, zimenezi makamaka zinatanthauza kukana mayanjano ndi zofuna za anthu.
kutsatira chilengedwe
Diogenes ananena kuti, chinthu chachikulu ndicho kukhala ndi moyo mogwirizana ndi chibadwa chanu. Zomwe chitukuko chimafuna kwa munthu ndichopanga, chosiyana ndi chikhalidwe chake, choncho wafilosofi wotsutsa ayenera kunyalanyaza malamulo aliwonse a moyo wa anthu. Ntchito, katundu, chipembedzo, chiyero, ulemu zimangosokoneza kukhalapo, zimasokoneza chinthu chachikulu. Pamene nthaŵi ina, motsogozedwa ndi Diogenes, iwo anatamanda wanthanthi wina amene anali kukhala m’bwalo la Alesandro Wamkulu, ndipo, pokhala wokondedwa, anadya naye, Diogenes anangomvera chisoni kuti: “Mwatsoka, amadya pamene Alesandro afuna.”
Yesetsani pazovuta zanu
M’chilimwe, Diogenes ankakhala padzuwa kapena kugudubuzika pamchenga wotentha, m’nyengo yozizira ankakumbatira ziboliboli zokutidwa ndi chipale chofewa. Anaphunzira kupirira njala ndi ludzu, kudzivulaza dala, kuyesera kuthetsa izo. Izi sizinali masochism, wafilosofi ankangofuna kukhala okonzeka kudabwa kulikonse. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti pozolowera zoipa, sadzavutikanso zikachitika. Iye anafuna kudziletsa osati mwakuthupi kokha, komanso mwauzimu. Tsiku lina, Diogenes, yemwe nthawi zambiri ankapempha, anayamba kupempha ... kuchokera pamwala. Atafunsidwa chifukwa chimene amachitira zimenezi, iye anayankha kuti, “Ndimazoloŵera kukanidwa.”
kukwiyitsa aliyense
Mu luso loputa anthu, Diogenes sankadziwa wofanana naye. Ponyoza ulamuliro, malamulo ndi zizindikiro za chikhalidwe cha anthu za kutchuka, iye anakana maulamuliro aliwonse, kuphatikizapo achipembedzo: iye mobwerezabwereza anapezeka ndi mphatso zoyenera zoperekedwa kwa milungu m’kachisi. Sayansi ndi zaluso sizofunika, chifukwa ukoma waukulu ndi ulemu ndi mphamvu. Kukwatiranso sikofunikira: akazi ndi ana ayenera kukhala wamba, ndipo kugonana kwapachibale kuyenera kusokoneza aliyense. Mutha kutumiza zosowa zanu zachilengedwe pamaso pa aliyense - pambuyo pake, nyama zina sizimachita manyazi ndi izi! Oterowo, malinga ndi kunena kwa Diogenes, ndiwo mtengo waufulu wotheratu ndi weniweni.
Pewani ku barbarism
Kodi malire a chikhumbo chachikulu cha munthu kubwereranso ku chikhalidwe chake ali kuti? M’kudzudzula kwake chitukuko, Diogenes anachita monyanyira. Koma kusintha kwakukulu ndi koopsa: kuyesetsa koteroko kwa "chirengedwe", kuwerenga - nyama, njira ya moyo imatsogolera ku barbarism, kukana kwathunthu lamulo ndipo, chifukwa chake, kudana ndi umunthu. Diogenes amatiphunzitsa "m'malo mwake": pambuyo pa zonse, ndi kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chawo chokhala pamodzi ndi anthu omwe timakhala nawo umunthu wathu. Kukana chikhalidwe, amatsimikizira kufunikira kwake.