Dzichitireni nokha kutentha kwa madzi

Sizingatheke kulingalira nyumba yamakono yamakono popanda madzi. Ngati mukukonzekera kukhala m'nyumba yapayekha chaka chonse, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuti muteteze ku madzi ozizira mu chitoliro ndi kulephera kosalephereka. 

Zotsatira zake ndizoopsa kwambiri. Sizoipa kwambiri ngati mukuyenera kukhala opanda madzi pampopi ndi chimbudzi mpaka masika. Zimakhala zoipitsitsa kwambiri ngati m'chaka zimakhala kuti ayezi wopangidwa wathyola chitolirocho, ndipo pofuna kukonzanso m'pofunika kukumba pansi ndikuyikanso m'malo mwake. Ndipo ichi ndi mtengo waukulu wa zipangizo ndi ntchito. Choncho ndi zotchipa kusamala ndi kuonetsetsa kuti chiopsezo kuzizira kuthetsedwa pasadakhale.

Chofunika kudziwa za mapaipi

Gome lili ndi makhalidwe mwachidule njira zosiyanasiyana Kutenthetsa madzi mapaipi.

Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kutentha mapaipi amadzi

Kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwa nyengo m'madera ambiri a Dziko Lathu kumathandizira kupanga zotsekera madzi oundana m'mapaipi ngakhalenso kung'ambika kwa mapaipiwo. Kuthetsa ngozi zoterezi m'nyengo yozizira kumafuna ndalama zambiri komanso kuphatikizidwa kwa zipangizo zoyendetsa nthaka. Kapena muyenera kuyembekezera chilimwe pamene nthaka imasungunuka. Pofuna kupewa ngozi zoterezi, ndikofunikira kuyala mapaipi amadzi, motsogozedwa ndi malangizo a SP 31.13330.2021.¹, ndiko kuti, 0,5 m pansi pa kuzama kwa kuzizira koyerekeza pamene kuyeza kuchokera pansi pa chitoliro. 

Chikalata chomwecho chili ndi matebulo a nthaka yozizira kwambiri mozama m'madera onse. Pachiwonetsero chomwe chawonetsedwa pamenepo, muyenera kuwonjezera 0,5 m ndipo tipeza kuya kwa chitoliro chotetezeka. Koma panjira ya payipi, phiri la miyala kapena zomangira za konkriti zitha kuchitika. Ndiye m'pofunika kuchepetsa kuya kwa zochitika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowonjezera zowotchera mapaipi kuti mupewe ngozi.

Njira zotenthetsera madzi

Pali zosankha zingapo zopangira madzi otentha, chilichonse chili ndi zabwino zake komanso zovuta zake. Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kwatipatsa njira yodalirika kwambiri yotetezera mapaipi kuti asazizira.

Kutentha ndi Kutentha chingwe

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito chingwe chowotcha ndi yosavuta. Mphamvu yamagetsi yodutsa mu chingwe imasandulika kutentha, komwe kumasunga kutentha pamwamba pa 0 ° C. Pali mitundu iwiri ya zingwe zotentha:

• Zingwe zotsutsa zopangidwa ndi ma alloys apamwamba kwambiri ofanana ndi zinthu zotenthetsera mu masitovu amagetsi. Zosindikizidwa pachimake и awiri pachimake zingwe zotenthetsera zopinga. 

Zoyambazo zimafuna kuwongolera dera lamagetsi, ndiko kuti, mbali zonse ziwiri ziyenera kulumikizidwa ndi gwero lamagetsi. Izi sizothandiza kwambiri pakuwotcha mapaipi.

Zingwe ziwiri zapakati ndizothandiza kwambiri, kukhazikitsa kwawo kumakhala kosavuta. Mapeto onse awiri a chingwe sayenera kubwerera kumalo oyambira. Mapeto a pachimake chilichonse kumbali imodzi amalumikizidwa ku ma terminals a gwero lamagetsi, mbali ina yake ndi yofupikitsa komanso yosindikizidwa mosamala. Njira yowotchera yogwiritsira ntchito chingwe chotetezera kutentha imafuna njira yoyendetsera kutentha.

• Chingwe chodziyang'anira chokha imakhala ndi matrix a polima momwe mawaya awiri oyendetsa amayikidwa. Kutentha kwa zinthu za matrix kumasintha malinga ndi kutentha komwe kuli. Izi zimachitika molunjika, osati kutalika konse kwa chingwe. Kutsika kwa kutentha kwa madzi mu chitoliro, kutentha kwambiri chingwe kumapereka ndipo mosiyana.

Momwe mungasankhire chingwe chotenthetsera

Chizindikiro chachikulu posankha chingwe chowotcha ndi mphamvu yeniyeni yotulutsa kutentha. Pakuyika mkati mwa chitoliro, mtengo wosachepera 10 W/m ukulimbikitsidwa. Ngati chingwecho chakwera panja, ndiye kuti chiwerengerocho chiyenera kuwirikiza kawiri, ndiye kuti, mpaka 20 W / m. Zingwe zotentha zamphamvu kwambiri zokhala ndi kutentha kwa 31 W / m zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa mapaipi a sewero okhala ndi mainchesi 100 mm kapena kupitilira apo.

Zingwe zotsutsa sizingadulidwe, muyenera kusankha mankhwala omwe ali ndi kutalika kwapafupi ndi zofunikira. Chingwe chodzilamulira chokha chikhoza kudulidwa molingana ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pa mankhwala.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi mtengo wamagetsi otenthetsera. Chingwe chotsutsa ndi chotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa chodzilamulira chokha, koma thermostat yokhala ndi sensa ya kutentha kwapansi ndiyofunika kuti igwire ntchito. Chingwe chodzilamulira chokha ndichokwera mtengo, koma dongosolo lowongolera silifunikira, ndipo kugwira ntchito ndikokwera mtengo kwambiri.

Malangizo a pang'onopang'ono pakuyika chingwe chotenthetsera

Mukayika chingwe chotenthetsera, malamulo otsatirawa ayenera kutsatiridwa:

1. Ntchito yoyika chingwe chotenthetsera chimathandizira kwambiri ngati mutagula zida zokonzeka kuyika. Ndiko kuti, chingwecho chikugwirizana kale ndi waya "ozizira" kuti agwirizane ndi gwero la mphamvu, ndipo mbali inayi imasindikizidwa. Apo ayi, muyenera kugula ya tubular kondakitala ma terminals kulumikiza zingwe ndi kutentha shrink chubu. Kutentha kwapadera kumafunika kuti mutseke kumapeto kwa chingwe. 

2. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa ntchitoyi kuonetsetsa kusindikiza odalirika kwa ojambula. Malekezero a ma conductor amatsukidwa ndi kutchinjiriza, machubu otha kutentha amayikidwa pa iwo. Zingwezo zimagwirizanitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zazitsulo za tubular, zomwe zimakhala ndi pliers, kapena bwino, ndi chida chapadera. Machubu otha kutentha amakankhidwira pamphambano ndikutenthedwa ndi chowumitsira tsitsi lanyumba. Akaziziritsa ndikuwumitsa, chingwechi chimakhala chokonzeka kuyika papaipi yamadzi.

3. Chingwe chotentha atayikidwa pa pipeline njira yakunja kapena yamkati:

• Chingwechi chimangokokedwa motsatira chitoliro ndikuyiyikapo ndi zingwe zapulasitiki zosagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa kutentha. Pakakhala chiopsezo chachikulu cha kuzizira, kuyala kozungulira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, chingwecho chimakulungidwa mozungulira chitoliro ndi phula linalake. Kuyika panja, chingwe chokhala ndi gawo lathyathyathya chimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana bwino ndi chitoliro. Ndi njira iliyonse yoyika, musanayike mu ngalande, chitolirocho, pamodzi ndi chingwe, chimatsekedwa ndi zinthu zotetezera, zomwe zimachepetsa kutaya kwa kutentha pambuyo pobwezeretsanso nthaka.
• Njira yoyikira mkati imagwira ntchito pamapaipi okhala ndi mainchesi osachepera 40 mm, apo ayi madziwo adzatsekeka. Mitundu yama chingwe yokhala ndi chitetezo chowonjezera chinyezi imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndizovuta kwambiri kukonzekeretsa chitoliro chachitali chokhala ndi matembenuzidwe ndi kutentha koteroko, koma m'zigawo zing'onozing'ono zowongoka ndizotheka. Chingwecho chimalowetsedwa mu chitoliro kudzera pa tee yapadera ndi manja osindikiza. Njira yokhazikitsira iyi ndiyofunikira, ngati kuli kofunikira, kutenthetsa pulagi ya ayezi yomwe idapangidwa pansi pa payipi yapansi panthaka pomwe sizingatheke kutsegula nthaka.

4. Chingwe chowotcha chimalumikizidwa ndi netiweki kudzera mu RCD, ndiko kuti, chipangizo chotsalira, kapena kudzera pamakina. Zingwe zokana - kudzera pa thermostat.

Kutentha ndi chotenthetsera

Mosasamala mtundu wa chingwe chotenthetsera ndi njira yoyika, chitoliro chomwe chimayikidwa pansi chiyenera kukhala insulated. Chofunikirachi ndi chovomerezeka m'malo omwe afika pamtunda, ngakhale m'zipinda zapansi, ndipo makamaka poyera, mwachitsanzo, mu standpipe m'munda. 

M'malo awa, ndikofunikira kuti muyike madzi kuchokera ku mapaipi okhala ndi zotsekera kale pafakitale. Ngati mutseketsa chitoliro wamba, ndiye molingana ndi SNiP 41-03-2003², pakuyika kwake pansi, wosanjikiza wokhala ndi makulidwe a 20-30 mm ndi wokwanira, koma kumadera omwe ali pamwamba pake, makulidwe osachepera 50 mm amafunikira. Kuwotha kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati njira yodziyimira yokha yowotchera, koma imakhala yogwira ntchito nthawi yopuma kapena kumadera akumwera.

Momwe mungasankhire chotenthetsera chotenthetsera mapaipi amadzi

Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chotenthetsera thovu polyethylene or polyurethane. Amapangidwa mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi ndikupopera pa chitoliro, kapena ngati ma trays omwe chitolirocho chimatsekedwa, ndipo zolumikizira pakati pa trays zimatsekedwa. 

Osati kale kwambiri, zinthu zatsopano zidawonekera pamsika: kupaka utoto wamafuta. Imalimbana bwino ndi ntchito yake yayikulu ndipo, kuwonjezera apo, imateteza mapaipi kuti asawonongeke. 

Fibrous zipangizo ngati ubweya wa mchere amafunikira chitetezo chowonjezera cha chinyezi, kotero sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri potenthetsa mapaipi amadzi. Mulimonsemo, kupulumutsa pa insulating zinthu sikoyenera; kuthetsa zotsatira za ngozi kudzawononga ndalama zambiri.

Kutentha ndi kuthamanga kowonjezereka

Njira iyi yotetezera madzi kuzizira imagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira madzi kwa nthawi yaitali, mwachitsanzo, m'nyengo yozizira. Katundu wa madzi kuti asaundane ndi kuthamanga kokwera amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito njira yodzitetezera iyi, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa zida zowonjezera:

• Pampu ya submersible yomwe imatha kupanga mphamvu ya 5-7 atmospheres;
• Yang'anani valavu pambuyo pa mpope.
• Receiver kwa 3-5 atmospheres.

Pampu imapanga mphamvu yofunikira m'mapaipi, pambuyo pake valavu kutsogolo kwa wolandirayo imatseka ndipo kupanikizika kumasungidwa kwa nthawi yonse yomwe ubwino wa zida zopangira mapaipi umalola. Ngati mpopeyo walephera kapena kulephera kukwanira, madzi a m'chitoliro amaundana. Njira yotchinjiriza iyi ndiyosadalirika, chifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi masiku ano.

Njira yotenthetsera mpweya

Njirayi imakhala ndi kupanga mpweya wodutsa pakati pa chitoliro ndi pansi. Njira yosavuta yopangira izo ndikuyika chitoliro cha madzi mu chitoliro cha zinthu zomwezo, koma m'mimba mwake yokulirapo, yomwe imakutidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa kutentha kwa kutentha ndikukwiriridwa. Njira si ntchito kwa mipope anaika pamwamba ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mauthenga ili pansi pa kuzizira mlingo.

Kusankha njira yabwino kwambiri yotenthetsera madzi

Monga ulamuliro, madzi chitoliro anaika pa bwino masamu atagona mozama m'munsimu ndi kuzizira mlingo wa nthaka amafuna zochepa matenthedwe kutchinjiriza. Ndipo pamafunika kutentha kowonjezera kokha m'malo omwe amabwera pamwamba kapena kumene sikungatheke kuyika ngalande yakuya kofunikira. 

Muzochitika izi, chingwe chotenthetsera ndi chisankho choyenera. Njirayi imatsimikizira kuti sipadzakhala mapangidwe a ayezi nthawi iliyonse ya chaka ndipo palibe mtengo wochotseratu zotsatira za ngozi.

Waukulu zolakwa unsembe wa Kutentha madzi

Zolakwa zazikulu pakudziphatikiza kwa makina aliwonse otentha: 

• Mawerengedwe olakwika;
• Kusatsata malangizo aukadaulo a eni. Zomwe zimaperekedwa kale zimadziwika kwa owerenga pambuyo powerenga nkhaniyi, koma chilichonse chotchingira ndi chingwe chotenthetsera chimakhala ndi ma nuances ake komanso zovuta zake pakuyika. 
• Musanasankhe ntchito yodziyimira pawokha, ndikofunikira kuphunzira mosamala ma SNiP onse ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma calculator ambiri pa intaneti kuti muwerenge kuya kwa ngalande zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kuzizira kwa dothi m'dera linalake. Kapena perekani ntchitoyi kwa akatswiri omwe amapereka chitsimikizo.
• Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa ku ubwino wa zomangira zosindikizira zomwe zimapereka madzi okwanira komanso odalirika. Palibe tinthu tating'ono pano, ndipo palibe tepi yamagetsi ya buluu yomwe ingalowe m'malo mwa chubu chochepetsa kutentha ndi kuzimitsa zingwe. 
• Simuyenera kupulumutsa kwambiri pazida zotsekera, kusakhala bwino kwawo sikungapereke zomwe mukufuna ndipo, pamapeto pake, zidzabweretsa ndalama ndikuchotsa ngozi.

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka

KP imayankha mafunso kuchokera kwa owerenga Maxim Sokolov, katswiri wa hypermarket pa intaneti "VseInstrumenty.Ru".

Magwero a

1. https://docs.cntd.ru/document/728474306
2. https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200091050