Kodi mapaundi owonjezera angawonjezere kulemera kwa ife pamaso pa ena, motero, kutithandiza kuntchito? Inde ndi ayi: zonse zimatengera jenda lathu. Posachedwapa asayansi afika pa mfundo zimenezi.
Kodi mawu a munthu wonenepa kwambiri amawaona kuti ndi okhutiritsa komanso olemera? Zikuwoneka choncho. Mulimonsemo, awa ndi malingaliro omwe ofufuza aku Cornell University abwera posachedwa. Koma kwa akazi, tsoka, lamuloli silikugwira ntchito.
"Zingawonekere kuti ngakhale kuti kayendetsedwe kabwino ka thupi kakukulirakulira, kunenepa kwambiri kukuchititsidwa manyazi m'madera amakono," olemba ndemanga ochita kafukufuku Kevin M. Nuffin, Vicki L. Bogan ndi David R. Just. "Komabe, tidapeza kuti" munthu wamkulu" amadziwikadi ndi ambiri ngati wamkulu m'mbali zonse - komabe, pokhapokha ngati ndi mwamuna."
"Zazikulu", "zolimba", "zochititsa chidwi" - awa ndi mawu omwe timagwiritsa ntchito pofotokoza munthu wonenepa komanso wina wolemekezeka, mwinanso mtsogoleri. Ndipo izi sizongoganiza mozama: kusanthula kwa zotsatira za kafukufukuyu kunawonetsa kuti anthuwa amawona kuti amuna onenepa amakhala okhutiritsa. Ndipo mosemphanitsa: m'malingaliro awo, munthu wovomerezeka nthawi zambiri amalemera kuposa ena.
Tsankho la "kulemera" limatha kuwonedwa pagawo lililonse lopanga ntchito
Zowona, izi sizikugwira ntchito kwa akazi. Ofufuzawo adafunsa anthuwa kuti ayang'ane zithunzi za amuna ndi akazi amisinkhu yosiyana ndikuwona momwe amawonekera. Ophunzirawo ankaona kuti anthu onenepa kwambiri komanso amuna onenepa kwambiri amakhala ovomerezeka, koma akazi onenepa kwambiri sanali. Malinga ndi Niffin, kafukufuku wosiyana mwatsatanetsatane amafunikira kuti afotokoze zotsatira zake, koma zitha kukhala chifukwa cha ziyembekezo za anthu komanso malingaliro okhazikika okhudza kukongola kwa akazi.
Mtsogoleri wa Center for Food Policy and Obesity pa yunivesite ya Connecticut, Rebecca Poole, akutikumbutsa kuti anthu amaona kuonda kwa amuna ndi akazi mosiyana. Kuonjezera apo, amayi amagwidwa ndi malingaliro okhudza kukongola, ndipo ngati matupi awo amasiyana ndi omwe amavomerezedwa ndi anthu ambiri ndipo amalephera "zabwino", amatsutsidwa.
Tsankho lotengera kulemera
Munthu akamakula, amasalidwa kwambiri, ndipo akazi panonso amavutika kwambiri kuposa amuna. Mu 2010, ophunzira aku koleji adavotera andale achimuna onenepa kuposa omwe amapikisana nawo onenepa. "Zikuwoneka kuti maphunzirowa samasamala za pulogalamu ya ndale ya mkazi, koma maonekedwe ake," olembawo adamaliza.
Tsankho la "kulemera" limatha kuwonedwa pagawo lililonse lopanga ntchito. Azimayi onenepa sakonda kulemba ganyu. Choncho, mu 2012, anthu 127 odziwa kulemba ntchito adafunsidwa kuti awunike anthu asanu ndi mmodzi omwe angakhale nawo. 42% ya omwe adachita nawo kafukufuku adakana wofunsira kwathunthu ndipo 19% yokha idakana wofunsira kwathunthu.
Koma ngakhale katswiri wonenepa atalembedwa ntchito, tsankho limapitirirabe. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti akatswiri otere (makamaka akazi) amapeza ndalama zochepa poyerekezera ndi anzawo ndipo sangakwezedwe pantchito. Choncho ulamuliro ndi ulamuliro, koma, tsoka, ndi molawirira kwambiri kulankhula za ufulu wofanana kwa anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana.