Dysorthography ndi vuto la kuphunzira. Mofanana ndi matenda ena a DYS, chithandizo cholankhulidwa ndicho chithandizo chachikulu chothandizira mwanayo ndi dysorthography.

Tanthauzo

Dysorthography ndi vuto losatha la kuphunzira lomwe limadziwika ndi kusatengera malamulo a kalembedwe komanso kosatha. 

Nthawi zambiri imakhudzana ndi dyslexia koma imathanso kukhala yokhayokha. Pamodzi, dyslexia ndi dysorthography amapanga vuto lenileni pakupeza chilankhulo cholembedwa, chotchedwa dyslexia-dysorthography. 

Zimayambitsa 

Dysorthography nthawi zambiri imakhala zotsatira za kulephera kuphunzira (mwachitsanzo, dyslexia). Mofanana ndi dyslexia, matendawa ndi a minyewa komanso obadwa nawo. Ana omwe ali ndi dysorthography amakhala ndi vuto la kuzindikira. Yoyamba ndi phonological: ana omwe ali ndi dysorthography angakhale ndi luso lochepa la phonological ndi chinenero kusiyana ndi ana ena. Chachiwiri ndi cha vuto la visuotemporal: ana omwe ali ndi vuto la dysorthography amavutika kuzindikira mayendedwe ndi chidziwitso mwachangu, kusokonezeka kwamawonekedwe a kusiyanitsa, kugwedezeka ndi kukonza maso kwachisokonezo. 

matenda 

Kuwunika kwamankhwala amawu kumapangitsa kuti athe kudziwa za dysorthography. Izi zikuphatikiza kuyesa kuzindikira kwa mawu komanso kuyesa kwa visuo. Kuwunikaku kumapangitsa kuti athe kuzindikira matenda a dys disorder komanso kuwunika kuopsa kwake. Kuunika kwa neuropsychological kungathenso kuchitidwa kuti adziwe zovuta za mwana ndikukhazikitsa chithandizo choyenera kwambiri. 

Anthu okhudzidwa 

Pafupifupi 5 mpaka 8% ya ana ali ndi matenda a DYS: dyslexia, dyspraxia, dysorthography, dyscalculia, ndi zina zotero. 

Zowopsa

Dysorthography ili ndi ziwopsezo zofanana ndi zovuta zina za DYS. Kulephera kuphunzira kumeneku kumakondedwa ndi zinthu zachipatala (nthawi isanakwane, kuzunzika kwa khanda), malingaliro kapena zokhudzidwa (kusowa kolimbikitsa), chibadwa (pa chiyambi cha kusintha kwaubongo komwe kumayambitsa kutengera mawu olembedwa), zinthu za mahomoni. ndi zinthu zachilengedwe (malo osowa).

Dysorthography imawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zingapo zomwe zingagawidwe m'magulu angapo. Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi zochedwa, zosakhazikika, zolembedwa movutikira. 

Zovuta pakutembenuza kwa phoneme ndi graphem

Mwana wa dysorthographic amavutika kugwirizanitsa grapheme ndi phokoso. Izi zimaonekera mwa kusokonezeka pakati pa mawu apafupi, kutembenuka kwa zilembo, kulowetsa liwu ndi liwu loyandikana nalo, zolakwika pakukopera mawu. 

Kusokonezeka kwa Semantic Control

Kulephera kwa semantic kumabweretsa kulephera kuloweza mawu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zolakwika za ma homophone (mphutsi, zobiriwira ...) ndi zolakwika zodula (monga suti mwachitsanzo ...)

Matenda a Morphosyntactic 

Ana omwe ali ndi dysorthography amasokoneza magulu a galamala ndipo amavutika kugwiritsa ntchito zolembera (jenda, nambala, suffix, pronoun, etc.)

Kuperewera pakutengera komanso kupeza malamulo a kalembedwe 

Mwana amene ali ndi kalembedwe amavutika kukumbukira kalembedwe ka mawu odziwika bwino komanso obwera pafupipafupi.

The mankhwala makamaka zochokera kulankhula mankhwala, yaitali ndi bwino anakonza. Izi sizichiritsa koma zimathandiza mwanayo kubweza zofooka zake.

Kukonzanso kwamankhwala amawu kumatha kulumikizidwa ndi kukonzanso kwa graphtherapist ndi psychomotor therapist.

Dysorthography sichingalephereke. Kumbali ina, pamene izindikiridwa ndi chithandizo mwamsanga, phindu lake limakulirakulira. 

Zizindikiro za dyslexia-dysorthography zimatha kuzindikirika kuchokera kusukulu ya ana asukulu: kusokonezeka kwachilankhulo chapakamwa, zovuta pakusanthula kwamawu, kagwiridwe, kuweruza kwanyimbo, kusokonezeka kwa psychomotor, kusokonezeka kwa chidwi ndi / kapena kukumbukira.