Electrocardiograph imalemba ntchito zamagetsi zamtima ndikuwunika momwe thanzi lake likuyendera pozindikira zolakwika zilizonse pakugwira ntchito kwake. Kuyezetsa kochitidwa, komwe kumadziwika kuti electrocardiogram, ndi imodzi mwamayesero ofunikira a mtima omwe amachitidwa panthawi iliyonse yazamtima.

Ntchito ya mtima imayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu ya minyewa yamagetsi yomwe imapangitsa kukangana kwake ndi kupumula kwake mwachisawawa komanso nthawi ndi nthawi. Mitsempha iyi, yochokera ku sinus node yomwe ili pamwamba pa atrium yakumanja, imafalikira ku maselo oyandikana nawo a minofu yamtima monga mafunde amagetsi omwe amapita kumapeto kwa mtima (pansi kumanzere).

Ma electrocardiographs amalemba mafunde amagetsi amtima awa ndikuwamasulira kukhala ma curve, kusanthula komwe kumapereka chidziwitso chofunikira pafupipafupi komanso mawonekedwe azizindikiro zojambulidwa ndikupangitsa kuti zitheke kujambula mapu olondola amtima ndi makina ake ogwirira ntchito: izi ndi electrocardiogram (ECG).

zikuchokera

Electrocardiographs amapangidwa ndi zinthu zitatu:

• polojekiti, okonzeka ndi chophimba, amene analemba mtima mphamvu zamagetsi;
• electrodes, disposable kapena reusable;
• zingwe kulumikiza maelekitirodi ndi polojekiti.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana

Electrocardiographs ilipo m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

• zokhazikika mu kabati;
• kunyamula pa ngolo (7 mpaka 10 makilogalamu);
• ultraportable (zosakwana 1 kilogalamu komanso kuthamanga pa batire yowonjezedwanso).

Kuzindikira ECG kumapangitsa dokotala kudziwa kugunda kwa mtima ndikuzindikira matenda osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi arrhythmias, kusakhazikika kwa mtima, kusokonezeka kwa thupi kapena matenda amtima:

• tachycardia;
• bradycardia;
• arrhythmia;
• extrasystole;
• torsade ya pointe;
• ventricular fibrillation;
• kusokonezeka;
• infarction;
• pericarditis (kutupa kwa pericardium);
• matenda a valve (okhudzana ndi atria ndi / kapena ventricular hypertrophy);
• etc.

Chizindikiro cha ECG

Electrocardiograph imalemba mafunde amagetsi amtima kudzera mu maelekitirodi omwe amaikidwa pakhungu la wodwalayo pamalo enaake. Ma electrode amagwira ntchito pawiri. Mwa kusinthasintha kuphatikiza kwa ma electrode, timapeza njira zosiyanasiyana, 12 zonse, zomwe zimalola kuti ECG itsatidwe.

ECG ndi graph yojambulidwa pamapepala a graph, mzere wowongoka womwe umafanana ndi matalikidwe a chizindikiro chamagetsi (ndi 1 mV = 1 cm) ndi olamulira opingasa mpaka nthawi yake (1 sec = 25 mm). Ma chart onse amawunikidwa mofanana pofuna kufananitsa.

Kutanthauzira kwa ECG

• P wave ndi funde loyamba lolembedwa: chizindikiro chamagetsi, chochokera ku sinus node, chimafika pa atria yomwe imagwirizanitsa kuti magazi apite ku ventricles;
• Zovuta zotsatirazi za QRS zimaphwanyidwa kukhala mafunde atatu: Q ndi S zomwe zimayimira kupumula kwa atria ndi kudzazidwa kwawo, ndi R zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kutsika kwa ventricular komwe kumalola kutulutsa magazi kupita ku mitsempha. QRS imathandizanso kudziwa njira yamagetsi yamtima;
• T wave ndi funde lomaliza: limagwirizana ndi kupumula kwa ma ventricles;
• Gawo la PQ ndi nthawi yomwe imatengera kuti magetsi ayende kuchokera ku atria kupita ku ventricles: iyi ndi atrioventricular conduction;
• Gawo la ST likuyimira mapeto a mgwirizano wa ventricular;
• Nthawi ya QT imafanana ndi nthawi ya systole ya ventricular, ndiko kunena kuti kuzungulira kwapakati / kupumula kwa ma ventricles.

Kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuchuluka kwa ma complex a QRS pamphindi. Nthawi zambiri ndi 60 mpaka 100 bpm (kugunda pamphindi) pakupuma.

ECG zolakwika

Ma ECG amapereka zambiri zokhudzana ndi thanzi la mtima. Kusintha kwa nthawi yayitali, matalikidwe, momwe mafunde amayendera komanso / kapena mawonekedwe azizindikiro zowonjezera zonse ndizizindikiro za vuto la mtima.

Nthawi zina, katswiri wa zamtima amathanso kuyitanitsa kujambula kwa ambulatory Holter komwe kumatha maola 24 mpaka 48, pomwe wodwalayo ayenera kuzindikira nthawi yake yogwira ntchito ndi kupumula, komanso chidziwitso china chilichonse chomwe chingamuunikire. kutanthauzira kwa ECG. The Holter ikhoza kulola kuzindikira zovuta zapakatikati zamtima.

Magawo a ntchito

Kuwunika, komwe sikumasokoneza komanso kosapweteka, kumatenga pafupifupi mphindi 10. Zitha kuchitidwa m'chipatala, ku ofesi ya cardiologist kapena dokotala, kunyumba, kapena ngakhale kunja ndi madokotala mwadzidzidzi.

Wodwalayo akugona pansi ndi manja ake m'mbali mwake, miyendo yake yotambasula. Iyenera kukhala yomasuka kuti ipewe kusokonezeka kwamagetsi kuchokera ku kukangana kwa minofu ina. Ma elekitirodi, okutidwa ndi gel oyendetsa, amayikidwa pakhungu la wodwalayo, lomwe liyenera kukhala loyera, louma komanso lometedwa ngati kuli kofunikira kuti azitha kumamatira bwino. Kuyika kwawo kumatsatira malamulo olondola kwambiri:

• 4 maelekitirodi akutsogolo amayikidwa pamanja ndi akakolo: amalola kudziwa axis magetsi a mtima.
• 6 ma elekitirodi precordial anaikidwa pa thorax: 2 kuphunzira ntchito magetsi ventricle lamanja, 2 kuphunzira interventricular khoma ndi nsonga ya mtima, ndi 2 kumanzere ventricle.

Ma electrode 18 amatha kuyikidwa kuti atenge ECG. Malo oyika amakhala ofanana nthawi zonse kuti ma ECG opangidwa afanizidwe.

Mungagwiritse ntchito liti?

ECG ikhoza kuchitidwa ngati kufufuza kwachizoloŵezi kuti muwonetsetse kuti mtima ukugwira ntchito bwino, monga kuwunika kotsatira panthawi ya chithandizo, kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito, kapena ngati kufufuza kwa matenda pamene wodwalayo akudandaula za ululu, chizungulire kapena palpitations. a mtima.

ECG ingathenso kuchitidwa ngati gawo la kuyesa kupanikizika, mwa wothamanga mwachitsanzo. Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo ayenera kuchita khama kwa mphindi 10 mpaka 30. Pali ma elekitirodi ocheperako ndipo kupuma komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi kumayezedwa mofanana.

Njira zopewera kutenga

Palibe contraindication kapena kukonzekera kwapadera kwa odwala kuti achite ECG.

Wogwira ntchitoyo ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti electrocardiograph yasinthidwa bwino: palibe kusokoneza, maziko okhazikika, kuwongolera koyenera (10 mm / mV), kuthamanga kwabwino kwa pepala (25 mm / sec), kufufuza kosasinthasintha (ma electrode sayenera kusinthidwa).

Njira zosankhira

Kugwiritsa ntchito electrocardiographs kumangoperekedwa kwa ogwira ntchito zachipatala.

Mfundo zingapo ziyenera kuganiziridwa pogula electrocardiograph:

• kugwiritsa ntchito ma ambulatory kapena kukhala chete;
• gwiritsani ntchito miyeso pakupuma kapena kuyesa kupsinjika;
• nsalu yotchinga: kukula, mtundu, kuchuluka kwa nyimbo zowonekera, chophimba kapena ayi;
• kusindikiza kwa ECGs;
• magetsi: mains, batire yowonjezedwanso, mabatire;
• kukumbukira mphamvu zosungira zojambulira;
• kugwirizana: Bluetooth kugwirizana, USB;
• kukhalapo kwa mapulogalamu operekedwa kutanthauzira deta;
• Chalk: mapepala osindikizira, maelekitirodi, zingwe, chonyamulira, etc.;
• mtengo: ma euro mazana angapo mpaka masauzande angapo;
• kutsimikizika kwa milingo (chizindikiritso cha CE).