Endothelial kukanika kumatenga gawo lalikulu pakuyambika kwa matenda komanso makamaka matenda amtima. Momwe mungatanthauzire endothelium, ntchito yake ndi yotani? Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zingayambitse vuto la endothelial?

The vascular endothelium imapanga chotchinga ma cell pakati pa minofu ndi magazi. Ndilo chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera zochitika za vasomotor za mtima permeability, mamvekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka ziwiya. Ma cell endothelial, poyankha zolimbikitsa, amapanga mamolekyu owongolera.

Pofuna kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha mtima, endothelium ndiye chida chofunikira kwambiri chopewera komanso kuchiza.

Mothandizidwa ndi ukalamba ndi mitsempha yowopsa, endothelium imatha kutsegulidwa ndikusinthidwa magwiridwe antchito omwe amatha kusokoneza ntchitoyi, kenako amalankhula za "endothelial dysfunction".

Endothelial dysfunction imatanthauzidwa ngati kusakhazikika mu endothelium yodalira vasodilation chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kupezeka kwa zinthu za vasodilator, monga nitric oxide (NO), komanso kuwonjezereka kwa endothelial activation. Kutsegula kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti mamolekyu a adhesion atuluke ku endothelium ndi macrophages (maselo a maselo oyera a m'magazi, omwe amalowa mu minofu. Panthawi ya thrombosis ndi kutupa, mamolekyuwa amagwira nawo ntchito yolemba leukocyte ndi l platelet adhesion.

Pali zoopsa zachikhalidwe komanso zomwe si zachikhalidwe.

Zowopsa zachikhalidwe

Mwa miyambo zinthu, endothelial kukanika anaona odwala mtima chiopsezo chinthu, dyslipidemia, shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi. Fodya, zaka, ndi kubadwa nazonso ndi zinthu zofunika kuzilingalira.

Zomwe sizili zachikhalidwe zoopsa

Pakati pa zomwe zimatchedwa kuti sizinali zachikhalidwe, pali kusalinganika kwa kupanga vasodilator kapena vasoconstrictor zinthu zomwe zimabweretsa kusintha kwa mphamvu ya vasodilator ya endothelium, chizindikiro chachikulu cha endothelial dysfunction.

Endothelial ntchito, chifukwa cha vasculoprotective zotsatira za nitric oxide (NO), imateteza thanzi la mtima.

Endothelial kukanika ndi chinthu chomwe chimalengeza kuyambika kwa matenda ena:

• Zochitika za mtima;
• Kukana kwa insulin;
• Hyperglycemia;
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi ;
• Dyslipidemia.

Mankhwala othandiza amaphatikizapo ma statins, amene amachepetsa mafuta m’thupi ngakhale kuti mafuta a m’thupi ali abwinobwino kapena angokwera pang’ono, ndipo nthaŵi zina aspirin kapena mankhwala ena a antiplatelet, mankhwala amene amalepheretsa kuti maselo a m’magazi asamalumikizike pamodzi ndi kutsekeka m’mitsempha ya magazi.

Mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a shuga amachepetsanso chiopsezo.

Njira zodziwira kulephera kwa endothelial, zowononga kapena zosasokoneza, zogwira ntchito kapena zamoyo, ndi njira zodziwitsira chidziwitso cha matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha yomwe imalola, pamlingo wina, kuyesa mphamvu za chithandizo chamankhwala. pa matenda a magulu ena a odwala.

Mwa anthu, kukanika kwa endothelial kumatha kuyerekezedwa poyesa:

• Kuchuluka kwa plasma kwa metabolites ya dinitrogen monoxide (NO): chinthu chosakhazikika kwambiri, sichingadziwike m'magazi, komano kudziwa kwa metabolites (nitrites ndi nitrates) kumatheka mumkodzo;
• Mitsempha ya plasma ya ma molekyulu omatira: mamolekyuwa amatenga nawo gawo muzotupa mwa kulola kumamatira kwa monocytes ku endothelium, ndiye kusamuka kwawo kulowa mkati mwa khoma la mitsempha ndi mitsempha;
• Zolemba zotupa.

Zolemba zambiri za biological zimachitiranso umboni kulephera kwa endothelial. Mapuloteni okhudzidwa kwambiri a C-reactive (CRP) ndi extracellular superoxide dismutase (dongosolo lamphamvu la enzyme) ndi ena mwa iwo.

Pofuna kupewa kukanika kwa endothelial, njira zambiri zaperekedwa kuphatikiza zakudya. Udindo wamagulu azakudya monga mafuta acid, mavitamini oteteza antioxidant, folate, vitamini D ndi ma polyphenols amawonetsedwa.

• Kuchepa kwa vitamini D kumabweretsa chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a mtima ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2;
• Kupsinjika kwa okosijeni kumatha kukhudza endothelial ntchito kudzera mu kutupa ndikuchepetsa kupezeka kwa NO;
• Lycopene, antioxidant wamphamvu, angachepetse zizindikiro zoyambitsa endothelium, mapuloteni a C, ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa systolic ndipo zingakhale ndi zotsatira zopindulitsa pa kupsinjika kwa okosijeni;
• Ma polyphenols operekedwa makamaka ndi zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, koko, tiyi ndi vinyo wofiira. Kudya kwawo kumalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha matenda amtima.