Exophthalmos ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza kutuluka kwa diso limodzi kapena onse awiri kunja kwa njira. Timalankhulanso za maso kapena diso lotukumuka (ma).

Diso likuwoneka lokulirapo, "lotseguka" kwambiri, lomwe lingasokoneze kutseka kwa chikope kuwonjezera pa kusokoneza zokongoletsa. Exophthalmos sichifukwa chakuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa diso, koma kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa minofu kapena zinthu zomwe zili mkati mwa diso (zotheka kukhalapo kwa chotupa m'diso). orbit). Diso lotukumuka likhozanso kukhala lopatuka ndipo limawoneka kuti likuyang'ana mbali ina ndi diso labwino. Komabe, nthawi zambiri maso onse amakhudzidwa.

Exophthalmos ikhoza kukhala yodzipatula kapena yogwirizana ndi zizindikiro zina, monga kuchepa kwa maso, masomphenya awiri (diplopia), ululu, kufiira, ndi zina zotero.

Exophthalmos imatha kukhala yowoneka bwino komanso yosokoneza, koma sizidziwika nthawi zonse: imatha kupezekanso pakuwunika kwanthawi zonse.

Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingayambitse exophthalmos: endocrine, chotupa, kutupa, zoopsa ndi mitsempha.

Dokotala wa ophthalmologist adzayang'ana momwe matendawa amakhalira limodzi kapena awiriwa, njira yake (mwachangu kapena ayi), ngati diso lapotozedwa kapena ayi ("axillary" kapena mawonekedwe osakhala axillary), komanso kumverera kwa "pulse" kapena pulsation. m'maso (mawonekedwe a pulsatile).

Kawirikawiri, kuyambika kwadzidzidzi kwa exophthalmos kumakhala ngati kupwetekedwa mtima kapena matenda otupa. Ikalowa pang'onopang'ono, imayamba chifukwa cha endocrine kapena chotupa pathology.

Nazi zifukwa zofala:

• Matenda a Graves: awa ndi matenda a chithokomiro (hyperthyroidism) omwe amayamba chifukwa cha autoimmune. Zimayambitsa kutupa kwa minyewa ya diso, yomwe imatupa ndikupangitsa kuti diso lituluke. Matenda ena a chithokomiro amatha kukhala nawo (timakamba za dysthyroid orbitopathy ambiri: hyperthyroidism mu 80% ya milandu, hypothyroidism pafupifupi 10%). Nthawi zambiri, exophthalmos ndi mayiko awiri.
• carotid-cavernous fistula: ichi ndi chifukwa chomwe chimapezeka kawirikawiri pamene exophthalmos ili kumbali imodzi komanso yopweteka. Ndikulankhulana kwachilendo pakati pa carotid yamkati ndi cavernous sinus (mapangidwe a venous omwe ali pansi pa chigaza), nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kuvulala. Ndi ngozi yachipatala, ngakhale yoika moyo pachiswe.
• Zowopsa za exophthalmos: zimachitika pambuyo pa kugwedezeka (hematoma, kupasuka kwa orbit, etc.) kapena kuvulala mutu.
• Matenda a exophthalmos: izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsatira za ethmoiditis, ndiko kunena kuti matenda a ethmoid, fupa lomwe lili pakati pazitsulo ziwiri za diso. Zimakhudza makamaka ana ndi achinyamata.
• Kutupa kwa exophthalmos: chifukwa chake sichidziwika nthawi zonse, koma amatha kugwirizana ndi matenda ena amtundu monga sarcoidosis, periarteritis nodosa, matenda a Wegener, vasculitis yotupa, ndi zina zotero. .
• Chotupa exophthalmos: ndi chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa chotupa misa mu diso. Mitundu yambiri ya zotupa zimatha kukhudza derali. Itha kukhalanso metastases kuchokera patsamba lina.

Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino a exophthalmos, amatha kusokoneza masomphenya, kutsagana ndi zowawa, zovuta zomwe zimayika pachiwopsezo cha masomphenya… Choncho ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi ophthalmologist mwachangu.

Izi zili ndi zida zingapo zowunika kuopsa kwa exophthalmos. Nthawi zambiri, amalembera mayeso oyerekeza (CT scan, MRI) kuti adziwe matendawa.

Chithandizo cha exophthalmos chimadalira chifukwa chake. Ndi mankhwala kapena opaleshoni.

Pakakhala matenda a chithokomiro, omwe ndi omwe amayambitsa kwambiri, kumwa mankhwala oletsa chithokomiro kwa miyezi ingapo nthawi zambiri kumathandiza kubwezeretsa mahomoni a chithokomiro. Kuchotsa opaleshoni ya chithokomiro ndi kumwa ayodini wa radioactive kungapangidwenso, malingana ndi momwe zilili.

Exophthalmos sikuti nthawi zonse imakhala bwino ndi chithandizo: nthawi zina imakulitsidwa nayo. Kutenga corticosteroids kungathandize, ndipo nthawi zina opaleshoni ingasonyezedwe, pambuyo pobwezeretsa ma hormone.

Nthawi zina exophthalmos, malingana ndi chifukwa, njira zingapo zingathe kuganiziridwa. Zotsatira zimadalira chikhalidwe ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa.