Zamkatimu
Mafani ambiri a chakumwa chonyezimira samatopa kukangana kuti ndi magalasi ati omwe amawerengedwa kuti ndi abwino kwambiri kulawa. Mafashoni asintha m'zaka mazana ambiri. Galasi la chitoliro cha champagne (chitoliro cha ku France - "chitoliro") chinagwira malo ake kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo chinkawoneka ngati choyenera chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yogwira thovu. Masiku ano, opanga vinyo a Champagne amanena kuti "chitoliro" si choyenera vinyo wamakono.
Mbiri ya galasi la chitoliro
Malinga ndi Baibulo lovomerezeka, woyambitsa champagne ndi Pierre Pérignon, mmonke wa abbey ya Hautevillers. Mawuwa ndi otsutsana, chifukwa vinyo "wonyezimira" amatchulidwa m'malemba a olemba a nthawi zakale. Anthu aku Italiya m'zaka za zana la XNUMX anayesa kuthirira ndikupanga vinyo wonyezimira yemwe, malinga ndi anthu a m'nthawi imeneyo, "amalavula thovu lambiri" komanso "kuluma lilime." Dom Pérignon anatulukira njira yowitsira vinyo m’botolo, koma zotsatira zokhazikika zinatheka kokha pamene akatswiri aluso Achingelezi anapeza njira yopangira magalasi olimba.
Malo opangira mphesa a Perignon anapanga gulu loyamba la shampeni mu 1668. M’nthaŵi imodzimodziyo, ophulitsa magalasi Achingelezi analetsedwa kudula nkhalango zachifumu, ndipo anafunikira kusintha kukhala malasha. Mafutawa ankatentha kwambiri, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti azitha kupeza magalasi amphamvu. Katswiri waza mafakitale George Ravenscroft adawongolera kupanga kwazinthu zopangira powonjezera lead oxide ndi mwala wosakaniza. Chotsatira chake chinali galasi lowonekera komanso lokongola, kukumbukira kristalo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, magalasi anayamba kusintha pang'onopang'ono zoumba ndi zitsulo.
Magalasi a vinyo oyamba adawonekera koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX. Zakudyazo zinali zodula kwambiri, choncho sanaziike patebulo. Galasiyo inabweretsedwa ndi woyenda pansi pa tray yapadera, anatsanulira vinyo kwa mlendoyo ndipo nthawi yomweyo anachotsa mbale zopanda kanthu. Ndi kuchepa kwa mtengo wopangira, magalasi adasamukira patebulo, ndipo kudayamba kufuna zinthu zoyengedwa bwino komanso zosakhwima.
Galasi ya chitoliro idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa zaka za zana la XNUMX. Kunja, kunali kosiyana pang'ono ndi mawonekedwe amakono ndipo anali ndi mwendo wapamwamba ndi botolo la conical.
Ku Great Britain, mtundu woyambirira wa "chitoliro" umatchedwa "galasi la Jacobite", popeza othandizira a King James II omwe adathamangitsidwa adasankha galasi ngati chizindikiro chachinsinsi ndikumwa kuchokera ku thanzi la mfumu. Komabe, iwo anatsanulira mmenemo osati wothwanima, koma vinyo.
Champagne nthawi zambiri ankatumizidwa mu magalasi a coupe. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amati mwambowu unkachitika mogwirizana ndi mmene anthu ankamwa vinyo wothwanima panthaŵiyo. Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri amawopa thovu zachilendo, ndipo m'mbale yayikulu, gasiyo idakokoloka mwachangu. Mwambowu unakhala wolimbikira, ndipo mafashoni a magalasi a coupe anapitirizabe mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1950. Kenako opanga ma winemakers adakwanitsa kutsimikizira kuti zitoliro ndizoyenera shampagne, chifukwa zimakhala ndi thovu kwa nthawi yayitali. M'tsogolomu, magalasi a zitoliro pang'onopang'ono anayamba kusintha ma coupes, omwe pofika m'ma 1980 anali atasiya kufunika kwake.
Maonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka chitoliro
Chitoliro chamakono ndi galasi lalitali pamtengo wapamwamba wokhala ndi mbale yaing'ono yaing'ono, yomwe imachepetsedwa pang'ono pamwamba. Mukayesedwa, kuchuluka kwake, monga lamulo, sikudutsa 125 ml.
Malo ocheperako okhudzana ndi mpweya amalepheretsa mpweya woipa kuti usatuluke msanga, ndipo tsinde lalitali limalepheretsa vinyo kutentha. M'magalasi oterowo, chithovu chimakhazikika mwamsanga, ndipo vinyo amakhalabe ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Opanga mbale zamtengo wapatali amapanga notches pansi pa botolo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti thovu lisunthike.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, opanga mavinyo a Champagne nthawi zambiri amadzudzula "chitoliro" ndipo amakhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa sikupangitsa kuti munthu azindikire kununkhira kwa shampeni, ndipo ming'oma yambiri imatha kuyambitsa zowawa zosasangalatsa pakulawa. Oweruza pamipikisano amalawa vinyo wonyezimira kuchokera ku magalasi ambiri a tulip, omwe amapereka mwayi woyamikira maluwawo komanso kusunga carbonation.
Opanga magalasi a chitoliro
Mmodzi mwa opanga otchuka kwambiri a magalasi a vinyo ndi kampani ya ku Austria Ridel, yomwe ili m'gulu la otsutsa chitoliro chapamwamba ndikuyesa mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa zinthu zake. Zosiyanasiyana zamakampani zimaphatikiza magalasi pafupifupi khumi ndi awiri a champagne opangira vinyo wonyezimira wamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamphesa. Kwa odziwa za "chitoliro", Ridel amapereka mndandanda wa Superleggero, womwe umasiyanitsidwa ndi galasi lochepa kwambiri komanso lolimba.
Osati opanga odziwika bwino:
- Schott Zwiesel - amapanga zikopa zopangidwa ndi galasi la titaniyamu ndi mbale yopyapyala ndi yopapatiza ndi masitepe asanu ndi limodzi mkati;
- Crate & Barrel - Pangani zitoliro kuchokera ku acrylic. Zakudya zowonekera komanso zosasweka ndizabwino ku pikiniki m'chilengedwe;
- Zalto Denk'Art imadziwika ndi ntchito zamanja. "Zitoliro" za kampaniyo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhazikika bwino komanso galasi lapamwamba.
Magalasi a chitoliro ndi oyenera kutumikira ma cocktails, pomwe chosakaniza chachikulu ndi vinyo wonyezimira. "Zitoliro" za mowa zimapangidwa ndi tsinde lalifupi komanso mbale yayikulu. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe, chakumwa cha thovu chimakhalabe ndi carbonation, ndipo khosi lopapatiza limathandizira kuyamikira kununkhira kwake. Magalasi a chitoliro nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira ma lambics ndi mowa wa zipatso.